Unit+3+The+lnternet+Discovering+useful+structures【知识精研+能力提升】高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

Presentperfectpassivevoice现在完成时的被动语态Unit3LeadinAppreciateapoemLookatthewayyourfacehasbeenwashedLookatthewayyourteethhavebeenbrushedLookatthewayyourshoeshavebeencleanedYou’dbetterdothemagain.LookatthewaytheflowershavebeenplantedLookatthewaythegrasshasbeencutLookatthewaythepathshavebeensweptIhopethatyou’llcomehereagain.Enjoy!BYYUSHEN现在完成时activepassiveThestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomhasbeencleaned.Youneedn’tcleanitnow.present(now)futurepast表示说话时已经完成的被动性的动作或结果，主语是动作的承受者。Youhaveslainanenemy.Yourteamhasdestroyedtheturret.slay–slew-slainhave/hasdonehave/hasbeendoneAnallyhasbeenslain.Anenemyhasbeenslain.Youhavebeenslain.Yourturrethasbeendestroyed.现在完成时现在完成时的被动语态防御塔

杀死敌人盟友slay-slain-slain一、ThePresentPerfectTense现在完成时结构：has/have+done

(V-过去分词)助动词,无意义表示说话时已经完成的动作,而且这个动作的结果对现在仍有影响;表示动作发生在过去,但一直持续到现在,并且有可能继续持续下去。

表示

发生的或

的动作对

造成的

。Pastpresent过去已完成现在影响或结果e.g.1.I

havejustopened

thedoor.

结果是

(Thedoorisnotclosednow.）现在完成时概念：常用的时间状语有：◆常与不确定的时间状语连用，如:thesedays,uptonow,

bynow,lately,already,never,ever,just,yet,before,recently,sofar,inthepastfewyears等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作.现在完成时的基本句型现在完成时(ActiveVoice)肯定式have/hasdone否定式have/hasnotdone一般疑问句have/has+主+done？（have/has提前）特殊疑问句疑问词-have/has+主+done？

(疑问词+一般疑问句)肯定式S+have/has+been+doneTheresearchhasbeendonesuccessfully.否定式S+have/has+not+been+done...Theauthor’snewstoryhasnotbeenpublished.一般疑问句Have/Has+S+been+done...Hashiswashingmachinebeenrepaired?特殊疑问句疑问词+have/has+S+been+done...Whohasbeeninvited?二、Thepresentperfectpassivevoice

现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时1.定义

表示说话时已经完成的被动性的动作或结果,主语是动作的承受者。被动语态+现在完成时的被动语态has/havedonebedonehas/havebeendone+被动语态的意义和构成1.ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun.2.Theclassroomsarecleanedbystudentseveryday.3.ThismathsproblemcanbeworkedoutbylittleTom.

被动语态的构成：主语+

be+done

被动语态可能会发生在过去、现在和将来，状态可能是正在发生，

也可能已经完成。

例2：HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEnglish?他们已经被派往国外学英语了吗?

例3：Whohasbeeninvented?谁受到了邀请？

二

构成陈述句主语+has/have（not）been+P.P.+...例1：Hermotorbikehasbeenstolen.她的摩托车盗了。一般疑问句Has/have+主语+been+P.P.+...?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+have/has+been+P.P.+...?主动语态变被动语态的原则“三变”原句主语by的宾语宾语主语

谓语由主动被动“三不变”原句意思不变原句时态不变原句主谓宾以外成分不变1、一般现在时：is/am/are+done

Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.我们教室每天都被打扫。2、一般过去时：was/were+done

Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.去年修了一座新商店。3、一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+bedoneAnewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.我们城市将要修建一家新医院。4、现在进行时的被动语态构成：am/is/are+beingdoneMybikeisbeingrepairedbyTomnow.王叔叔正在修理我的自行车。5、过去进行时的被动语态构成：was/were+beingdoneThenewroadwasbeingmade.这条新路正在修筑。6、现在完成时的被动语态构成：has/have+beendone

Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.这本书被翻译成多种文字。already

已经

yet

已经recently/lately

最近

sincethen

从那时起eversince

自那以来

ever

曾经sofar

迄今为止

bynow

到现在为止foralongtime

很长一段时间inrecentyears

在最近几年里in/during/overthepast/lastyears

在过去的几年里常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：即学即练1.Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.将下列主动句变为被动句2.Theyhavefoundagoodplacetobuildalibraryinthecity.3.Wehaveplantedmanytreesonthehillinthelasttwoyears.Shehasbeenaskedbymetohelpyou.Agoodplacehasbeenfoundbythemtobuildalibraryinthecity.Manytreeshavebeenplantedbyusonthehillinthelasttwoyears.1.不及物动词和不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，rise,happen,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,survive,remaind,last,die,disappear,end,fail,belongto,consistof...Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometownrecently.Afterthetrafficaccident,noonesurvivedexceptapersonwhowasbadlyinjured.被动语态注意事项被动语态注意事项2.虽然一般说来只有及物动词才有被动语态，但许多“不及物动词+副词或介词”构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态，但变被动语态后，不可把介词或副词漏掉,laughat,operateon,listento,lookafter,takecareof,thinkof,talkabout,handin,catchsightof,makeuseof,payattentionto,turnon…Mysisterwillbetakencareofbygrandma.Thepatientisbeingoperatedonnow.Heturnedontheradiojustnow.Theradiowasturnedonbyhimjustnow.Go

for

Grammar1.将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态主语2.将主动谓语变为被动谓语(am/is/are＋being+过去分词)。3.将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中作状语,若不强调动词执行者,被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略)。theInternet

hasgreatlyimproved

Jan’slife.主语

谓语

宾语→Jan’slifehasbeengreatlyimproved

bytheInternet.

主语

谓语

状语They

arebuilding

nineparks.主语

谓语

宾语→Nineparks

arebeingbuilt

(bythem).主语

谓语

状语【注意一】主动语态变被动语态的步骤:Go

for

Grammar【注意二】主动语态变被动语态注意事项1.短语动词的被动语态：主动语态中的谓语动词是短语动词时，变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。Theytakegoodcareofthechildrenatschool.→Thechildrenaretakengoodcareofatschool.Youshouldn'tlaughatdisabledpeople.→Disabledpeopleshouldn'tbelaughedat.

2.带双宾语的动词，变为被动语态时可以有两种情况：（1）把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来。（2）直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面加介词to或for。用to还是for，根据动词的搭配：一般动词give,pass,show,send,bring要加介词to；动词buy,make,cook,mend要加介词for。Hegavehersomemoney.→Shewasgivensomemoney./Somemoneywasgiventohim.

Heboughtherawatch.→Shewasboughtawatch./

Awatchwasboughtforher.找出下面句子的谓语结构，哪些是主动？哪些是被动？Jan’slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.TheInternethasgreatlyimprovedJan’slife.PeoplehavewrittenmuchaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.被动主动主动被动一、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式肯定式主语＋have/hasbeendone...否定式主语＋have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑问式Have/Has＋主语＋beendone...？特殊疑问式疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋beendone...？1.FirstasaPCandthenasalaptop,I______________(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s.2.Over

timemymemory______________(develop)somuchthat,likeanelephant,IneverforgetanythingI____________(told).3.Since

the

1970smanynewapplications_____________(find)forme.4.Ihavealso___________(put)intorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellas______(help)withmedicaloperations.

has

developedhave

been

told

have

been

foundbeenputhelphave

beenusedExercises用动词正确形式填空1.Someonehaslostanidentitycard.2.HaveyouconfirmedtheWi-Fipassword?3.Haveyoupressedthebuttonyettocopythefile?4.Hasanyonemadeacommentabouttheonlinedatabase?Anidentitycardhasbeenlost.HastheWi-Fipasswordbeenconfirmed?

Hasthebuttonbeenpressedyettocopythefile?

Hasa/anycommentbeenmadeabouttheonlinedatabase?将下列句子变成被动语态二、时间状语1.Theroomhasalreadybeencleaned.2.Thoseflowersinthegardenhaveneverbeenwatered.3.Ourschool_____________________(build)since1989.4.Inthelastfewyears,thousandsoffilms____________________

(produce)allovertheworld.5.Sofaraboutfivethousand

trees_____________________(plant)aroundourvillage.6.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecity,andalotoffactories____________________(set)uprecently.hasbeenbuilthavebeenproducedhavebeenplantedhavebeenset已经already,yet...从不never自从since+一般过去时的时间=for+一段时间过去一段时间以来Inthelastyear,lastfewdays,lastfewmonths...其他时间状语Before,just,lately,recently,sofar,lately..(1)现在完成时的被动语态、现在进行时的被动语态及一般过去时的被动语态的区别：

注意

Themachinehasbeenrepaired.(说明动作发生在过去,对现在有影响)Themachineisbeingrepairednow.(说明动作正在进行)Themachinewasrepairedyesterday.(只说明动作发生在过去)Theprojecthasbeenstarted

forthreemonths.（F）Theprojecthasbeenon

forthreemonths.（T）(2)非延续性动词,如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,则要改换动词或时态。语法填空现在完成时注意事项1.找时：看是否有与现在完成相对应的时间状语；2.圈主：看主语与谓语动词的主被动关系；3.定谓：确定谓动单复数：have/has(not)beendone。（1）与一般过去时的被动语态的区别（2）borrow，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等非延续性动词的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，需要改变动词或时态。这本书借了一周了。Thebookhasbeenborrowedforaweek.（×）Thebookhasbeenkeptforaweek.（√）In1908,theOlympicGameswasheldhereforthefirsttime.TheOlympicGameshasbeenheldinmanycountriessincethe1900s.Hewasinvitedtodeliveraspeechlastweek.Hehasbeeninvitedtodeliveraspeechtomanycompaniessincehewasfamous.一般过去时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态拓展Hehasbeentoldmanytimes,andhefinallyunderstoodit.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.Thepoorhavebeenoppressedandexploitedforsolong.Thepoor,havingbeenoppressedandexploitedforsolong,tookuptheirgunsandknivestokillrichnobles.现在完成时的被动语态现在分词完成被动式现在完成时的被动语态现在分词完成被动式SUMMMARY现在完成时的被动语态含义结构表示过去发生的被动动作现在已经完

成或仍将持续,强调对现在的影响have/hasbeendone形式肯定式否定式疑问式have/hasbeendonehave/hasnotbeendoneHave/Has+主语+beendone?特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+beendone?用法表示已经完成的被动动作表示过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在表示某被动动作对现在造成的影响或结果注意事项动词短语不可分割也不可省略其中的介词和副词不及物动词或词组无被动一、时态填空1.Theink____________________(remove)fromhisovercoat．2.Hasthedateforthenextmeeting__________________(decide)?3.Howlonghasthebattery______________________(change)?4.Themachinehasalready_____________________(repair)．机器已经修好了。5.Financialproblemsofthecompany_____________________(discuss)fornearlytwohours．6.Youshouldn’tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomework_____________________(finish)8.Ihave_____________(use)bythecompanysincethe1970s.9.They____________(sell)tenapartmentsinthepastonehour.10.People'shealth_______________________(受到了很大的影响)byair,noiseandwater.hasbeenremovedbeendecidedbeenchangedbeenrepairedhavebeendiscussedhasbeenfinishedbeenusedhavesoldhavebeenaffectedgreatly二、语法填空1.Papermoney____________(use)foroverathousandyears.

2.—_____theletter__________(give)toMr.Black?—No.It’sstillonthedesk.3.Greatchanges___________(take)placeinmyhometownanda