高三复习版语法归纳情景交际

情景交际Ⅰ.社会交往一、问候1.基本用语:1)见面问候：

Goodmorning.Hello/Hi.…2)代向某人问候：

Bestwishes/regardstosb.＝Giveone’sregardstosb.＝Giveone’sbestregardstosb.知识梳理3)替某人向……问好：

say“Hi/Hello”tosb.fromsb.

＝giveone’sregardstosb.Pleaseremembermeto...

回答：Iwill.Thanks.4)—Howdoyoudo?(初次见面)—Howdoyoudo?—Howareyou?(比较熟悉的人)—Fine,thankyou.Andyou?/Verywell,thankyou.—Howareyougettingalongwith...?—Everythingisfine!—Howareyoudoing?—I’mjustgreat!—Howiseverything?—Verywell,thankyou!—Howisyourvacation/holiday/weekend?—Notbad!—What’sup?—Couldn’tbebetter,thankyou!—What’sgoingon?—Justso-so.2.注意要点：1)“Howareyou?”用于询问对方的身体情况，可根据实际情况回答，如：Fine/Verywell,thankyou.(very)good不能用来表示身体健康。假如身体确实不太舒服并想让对方知道，不妨说“Nottoowell,I’mafraid.”2)对于不认识的人，想要他(或她)停下的说法：Hey,Sir/Madam！或Justamoment,Sir/Madam.3)与英美人见面寒暄时，不应问及他(或她)的年龄、婚否、收入等个人隐私情况。二、介绍1.基本用语:1)ThisisMr/Mrs/Miss/Ms/...MayIintroduceyouto...?I’dlikeyoutomeet...2)Howdoyoudo?Nice/Glad/Pleasedtosee/meetyou.Nicemeetingyou...3)Mynameis...I’ma...(student/teacher，etc.)MayIknowyourname?2．注意要点:1)“Nicetomeetyou.”与“Nicetoseeyou.”有一点区别：前者是初次见面被人介绍相识后的寒暄用语(认识你很高兴)；后者与前者在意思上相同，但是用于熟人之间一段时间未见面后再次相遇。两者回答用语与问候语相同。2)“Nicetomeetyou.”表示初次见面时的问候，而“Nicemeetingyou.”则是初次见面告别时的用语。三、告别1．基本用语:1)直接的告别语有：

Goodbye/Bye­bye/Bye！

Seeyou(tomorrow)！Seeyoulater!Farewell!Goodnight.2)委婉的告别语有：

I’dliketosaygoodbyetoeveryone.I’mcallingtosaygoodbye.I’mafraidImustbeleaving/offnow.Ithinkit'stimeforustoleavenow.3)其他带有祝愿以及叮嘱等意义的告别语：

I’lllookforwardtoseeingyousoon.Let’shopewe’llmeetagain.Hopetoseeyouagain.Dropinanytimeyoulike.2．注意要点:告别前通常要说一两句客套话，如：I’mafraidImustbeoff/goingnow.长久告别时，还可同时表达希望今后多联系(Keep/Getintouch.)、要对方保重身体(Takecare.)、问候对方家人(Pleasesendmybestregardstoyourfamily.)等。四、感谢基本用语:1)感谢用语：

Thankyouverymuch．

Thanksalot.Manythanks.Thanksfor...It’sverykindofyouto...Iappreciateyourhelp.Thankyouallthesame.It’smostthoughtfulofyou.Idon’tknowhowtoexpressmythanks.2)答语：

Notatall.That’sallright/OK.You’ree.It’sreallynothing.Don’tmentionit.五、道歉1.基本用语:1)道歉用语：

I’msorry.I’msorryfor/about...I’msorrytodo...I’msorrytohavedone...Excuse/Pardonme(for...)Pleaseforgivemefor...sb.beafraidthat...Whatapity/shame!It’sapitythat...2)答语：

Itisnotimportant.It’squiteallright.Nevermind.Itdoesn’tmatter(atall).Notatall.It’snothing.That’snothing.Pleasedon’tworry.It’snothingtoworryabout.Don’tmentionit.

That’sokay.Don’tletitbotheryou.2．注意要点:1)“Excuseme”常用于下列情形：需要打断别人谈话或工作时；有求于他人时；因故需要暂时离开时；就某事表示不同意见时；自己的言行将会影响他人时。(即：在说或做可能令人不悦的事情之前使用以引起别人注意)

打扰别人为“劳驾”；请求别人让路、向别人问路、打听消息意为“对不起，请问……”。回答时说：Yes?2)“Sorry.”说话人做了错事或无意中与别人发生冲撞时于事后向他人表示歉意；可表示因不能满足他人要求而表示歉意。3)“Ibegyourpardon?”表示听话人未能听清楚他人所说的话，希望说话人重复所说的话时的礼貌用法，“麻烦再说一遍”。4)“I’msorrytohearit/that.”则是对说话者本人或近亲属已经发生的不幸表示遗憾。六、邀请1．基本用语:1)Wouldyoucometo...?Wouldyouliketo...?I’dliketoinviteyouto...2)Yes,I’dlove/beglad/happyto(...)．

I’llbegladto.Ofcourse.Yes,it’sverykind/niceofyou.Yes,great.Sure.Yes,withpleasure.3)I’dloveto,but...I’msorry,butIcan’t.2.注意要点:1)接受他人邀请时通常还要表示一下感谢：

Yes,I’dloveto.Yes,it’sverykind/niceofyou.Yes,withpleasure.2)如果是稍有保留地接受，可这样说：

IwillifIcan.It’sverykindofyoutoinviteme,butI’mnotsureifIcancome.3)拒绝他人的邀请一般不直接说No，而要婉言谢绝(通常会说明理由)，并要声明自己是愿意接受“邀请”的，但因某种原因不能接受，并表示歉意或感谢。常用：

I’dliketo,butI’mtoobusy.Ireallyenjoyit,butI’vegottogonow.IwishIcouldacceptyourinvitation,butI’mafraidIdon’thavetimetogo.Thankyouforyourkindness,butI’vegotanappointmentatthattime.七、祝愿和祝贺基本用语：1)Bestwishestoyou!Iwishyougoodhealth.Goodluck!Goodluckwith...Wishyousuccess！Mayyousuccess/succeed!2)MerryChristmas！3)Congratulations(on...)！Welldone!4)Enjoyyourvacation！EnjoyyourstayinChina.八、提供帮助基本用语：1)提供帮助：

Can/Could/ShallIhelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?Isthereanything(else)Icandoforyou?Wouldyouliketo...?Canyoudomeafavor?2)接受帮助：

Thatwouldbenice/fine.That'sverykindofyou.Thankyouforyourhelp.Yes,please.Here,takethis/my...九、打电话1.基本用语:Hello！MayIspeakto...?Hello！Is...in?May/CouldIspeakto...?Isthat...(speaking)?Holdon,please.Hello,whoisit/that?He/Sheisn’thererightnow.CanItakeamessageforyou?Thisis...speaking.2.注意要点:代接电话的人叫某人接电话时，先对打电话的人说：Holdon,please.Justaminute,please.然后叫人接电话：Youarewantedonthephone.There’sacallforyou.十、就餐基本用语:Whatwouldyoulike(tohave)...?Wouldyoulikesomething(toeat/drink)?Helpyourselftosome...Letmegiveyou...Makeyourselfathome.I’dlike...Acake/Twoeggs,please.Yes,please.Justalittle,please.I’vehadenough.I’mfull,thankyou.No,thanks.CanIhavethebill,please?It’smytreatthistime.I’llpay.Let’sgoDutchthistime.Waiter!Thebill,please.十一、就医听到自己的亲人、朋友或熟人等谈到有关身体健康的问题时，如“IthinkIhaveabadcold.”如果是朋友，回答“I’msorrytohearthat.”或“You’dbetterseeadoctor.”如果是说给医生听，医生需用“Takeiteasy.”来回答。1)医生询问病人的用语：

What’sthematterwithyou？

What’swrongwithyou?2)病人应答语：

There’ssomethingwrongwithmyback.Ihaveaheadache/Myheadaches.Ihavegotacough.Ihavegotapainhere.Ithurtshereandthere.Idon’tfeelwelltoday.3)医生诊断、提建议及安慰用语：

Letmetakeyourtemperature.It’snothingserious.Youhadbetteraskforaleaveandhavearestforafewdays.Drinkmorewaterandhaveagoodrest.Takethesepills3timesaday.十二、提醒注意Don’tforgetyourraincoat.Remembertolockthedoor.Makesurethatallthewindowsareclosed.NoSmoking!NoSpitting!Lookout!Becareful!Wetfloor!Don’ttouch!It’sdangerous!Keepoff!Wetpaint!十三、建议与劝告以建议或者劝告的形式要某人做一件事，不同于直接命令，因为说话人只是提出建议，而把做与不做的决定权留给听话人。对于他人提出的建议和忠告，若认为可以接受，要表示赞赏或感谢。在拒绝对方的建议时，一般要给出理由。基本用语：1)Iadviseyou(not)to...You’dbetter(not)...Isuggestthatyou(should)...Whynot...?Whydon’tyoudo...?How/Whataboutdoing...?Shallwe...?Let’s...2)Yes,Isupposeso.Yes,butdon’tyouthink...?That’sgreat.That’sagoodidea.Whynot?3)That’simpossible,butthankyouallthesame.It’snotourfault.I’mafraidIcan’tdothat.I’mafraidIcan’tfollowyouradvice.Ⅱ.情感一、高兴I’mglad/pleased/happyto...That’snice/wonderful/great.Howwonderful/nice!二、惊奇Really?/Isthatso?Ohdear！/MyGod！Goodheavens!/ThankGoodness！Icanhardlybelievemyears/eyes.三、忧虑What’swrong？What’sthematter(withyou)?Isthereanythingwrong?Oh,whatshallIdo?Wewereallanxiousabout...四、满意Good！Welldone！Perfect!That’sfine.That’sbetter.That’sgoodenough.I’mpleasedwith…五、遗憾I’msosorry！It’sagreatpity！Whatashame!That’stoobad!IwishIhadnevergivenitup.IfIhadbeenthere,hewouldnothavemadesuchaseriousmistake.六、同情I’msosorry!I’msosorryaboutyourillness.I’msorrytohearyouaregoingaway.Pleaseacceptmydeepsympathy.Ⅲ.态度一、同意与不同意当对方提出某种观点、意见或请求时，要表示恰当而具体的态度。要有明确答复。1.同意：Certainly/Sure/Ofcourse.Allright.Yes,Ithinkso.That’strue.Good!Excellent!Whatagoodidea!Itcouldn’tbebetter.That’sagoodidea...It’sagoodideathat...Iagree(withyou).That’stherightthingtodo.2.不同意：No,Idon’tthinkso.I’mafraidnot.I’mafraidI(really)can’tagreewithyou.It’snotverynice.Idon’tthinkthatisagoodidea.Personally,Ifeelthatit’sunwise.Whataterribleidea！Noway！二、肯定与不肯定对某件事情的真实性是否肯定、是否有把握，在英语中常用sure，certain，doubt等词或may，might，must等情态动词表达。may，might具有试探性，must表示一种逻辑推断的必然。此外，为了增强客气的口吻，表示不肯定时可以伴随一些表示遗憾、担忧或歉意的表达方式。三、可能与不可能Hemay...Itispossiblethat...Itislikelythat...Heisnotlikelytodo/that...Itlooksasif/thoughitmightrainlater.Itappearstomethatwe’llhavetogoonfoot.Idoubtthat...That’s/It’squiteimpossible.It’sveryunlikely.That’shardlypossible.That’llneverhappen.四、偏爱与爱好Whichdoyouprefer,teaorcoffee?Ipreferteatocoffee.prefertodoratherthandopreferdoingtodoingI’dliketogobytrain.Myfavoritesubjectisphysics.I’dratherdrinkcoffeethantea.五、意愿与打算当希望别人做某事或者不愿意让别人做某事，或者表达自己的一种希望、愿望时需要恰当用词，这样才能准确地传达自己的意图。I’mgoingto...Iwill...Iwouldliketo...Ifeellike...I(donot)wish/want/hopeto...Iwishthat...Iintend/mean/planto...I’mreadyto...Iwouldrathernottellyou.IwoulddoitifIshouldhavethechance.IfonlyIcouldseehim.六、征求或表达意见在表明自己对事物的判断时，好坏要明确，是非要分明。尤其在对方干得比较出色时，要多加鼓励。如Welldone！Goodjob！Quiteperfect！等。如果要陈述自己的某些观点时，英语中一般要使用一些较委婉的短语，如：inmyopinion,asIseeit,sofarasIknow,personallyspeaking等。交际用语的考查点相对集中。主要考查社会交往中的一些日常交际用语。以应答为主，提问为辅；以跨文化交际中差异明显的交际项目为重点考查对象。1.考查习惯应答语。问候、告别、打电话、问路、看病、购物、感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求等常见的交际话题均有其较为固定的套语。用英美人的思维方式，遵循习惯进行回答。常见回答用语主要有以下几个方面：考点归纳1)常用于接受或拒绝请求、邀请的应答用语有：Withpleasure./Yes,helpyourself./Noproblem./Goodidea./Sorry,but…/I’dratheryou…/Thankyou,but…/Noway./Forgetit.等。2)常用于感谢的应答用语有：That’sallright./Youaree./Don’tmentionit./Itismypleasure(Mypleasure)./Notatall.等。3)常用于道歉的应答用语有：Nevermind./Itdoesn’tmatter./Notatall./That’sallright./Thatisnothing.等。4)常用于祝愿和祝贺的应答用语有：Goodluck!/Bestwishestoyou!/Haveanicetime!/Congratulations!/MerryChristmas!/Thankyou./Thesametoyou.等。2.考查文化差异语。汉语和英语在交际文化方面有许多共同之处，但也存在诸多差异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。避免母语交际定式的干扰，根据英语的文化交际习惯来应答是掌握文化差异的关键。3.考查语言结构语。根据不同的交际情景，说话者会采用不同的交际用语来表达自己的态度和情感。当说话人对刚刚提出的说法或意见持肯定态度时，可以说：Yes，Ithink(suppose,believe)so./Yes,I’mafraidso.对刚刚提出的说法或意见持否定态度时，则说：No，Idon’tthink(suppose)so./No,Idon’tbelieveso./No,Ibelieve(suppose)not./No,Ihopenot./No,Iamafraidnot.(2013·安徽)—Thisisyourorder,ahamburgerandanapplepie.____?—I’llhaveithere.Anythingelse

B.IsthatOKC.Forhereortogo D.Somethingtodrink真题自测2.(2013·江苏)—Thankyoufortheflowers.—____.Ithoughttheymightcheeryouup.A.That’srightB.AllrightC.I’mallright

D.It’sallright解析：—谢谢你的花。—不客气。我想它们会让你开心的。A“那是对的”;B“好吧”;C“我很好”;D“不客气”,等于That’sallright。3.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)—Why,thisisnothingbutcommonvegetablesoup!—____,madam.It’soursoupoftheday.A.Letmesee B.SoitisC.Don’tmentionitD.NeitherdoI解析：—怎么,这不就是普通蔬菜汤吗?—就是啊,女士。这是我们今天的汤。A“让我来看看”;B“确实是”;C“区区小事何足挂齿”;D“我也不”。4.(2013·浙江)—Hey,canIaskyouafavor?—Sure,____.hereyouare.B.justasIthought.C.howisitgoing?

D.whatcanIdoforyou?解析：—你好,可以帮我一个忙吗?—当然,我能为你做点什么呢?Sure意味着愿意帮忙,接下来当然是想知道究竟是帮什么忙。D我能为你做点什么呢?A给你;B正和我想的一样;C进展如何?5.(2013·重庆)—Forgottensomething?Icankeepaneyeonyourkidsifyouwanttogoandgetit.—____.Thankyouallthesame.A.It’sverykindofyou.B.Oh,howcarelessofme!C.Imightaswellgoandgetit.D.Well,Icandowithoutit.6.(2013·安徽高考)—____Heseemedinterestedinmyexperience,buthedidn’taskforreferences.A.Perfect!B.I’mnotsure.C.That’sright.D.Couldn’tbebetter.解析：—你和经理的面试进展如何?—我不确定。他似乎对我的阅历感兴趣,但却没要我的推荐信。由答语可知说话者对所问问题是不确定的。Perfect!很完美!That’sright.那是对的;Couldn’tbebetter.再好不过了。7.(2013·福建)—Wouldyoumindansweringsomequestionsonshoppinghabits?—____.A.Yes,withgreatpleasureB.No,IamafraidIcan’tmakeitC.Yes,itisworththetimeD.No,aslongasitdoesn’ttakelong解析：—你介意回答一些关于购物习惯的问题吗?—不介意,只要不花太长时间。8.(2013·山东)—Thisisareallylivelyparty.There’sagreatatmosphere,isn’tthere?—____.Thehostsknowhowtohostaparty.A.Don’tworryB.Yes,indeedC.No,thereisn’t

D.Italldepends解析：这真是一个非常热闹的聚会。气氛很好,不是吗?答语“主人们知道如何举办一个聚会”可知,应该是对前者看法的肯定。A别担心;C不,没有;D依情况而定。9.(2013·陕西)—Shallwegoforadrinkatoneo’clockthisafternoon?—____.Willtwoo’clockbeOK?A.Sure,it’suptoyouB.Sure,noproblemC.Sorry,Ican’tmakeitD.Sorry,I’mnotavailabletoday解析：Ican’tmakeit.我做不到。it’suptoyou由你来决定;noproblem没问题;I’mnotavailabletoday.我今天没空。10.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)—I’msorryImadeamistake!—____.Nobodyisperfect.A.TakeyourtimeB.You’rerightC.Whateveryousay

D.Takeiteasy解析：A“慢慢来”;B“你是对的”;C“无论你说什么”;D“放松,别着急”。巩固练习—I’msorry,Sir.Igotstuckintheheavysnowonthewaytoworkthismorning.—____youweresolate.Itisnoneofyourbusiness.(2013·青岛模拟)A.GoaheadB.ForgetitC.Nowonder D.Noway解析：goahead“继续”;forgetit“没关系;算了”;nowonder“难怪”;noway“没门”。2.—Youknowwhat?IamgoingtoShanghaionafreetripthisweekend.—____.(2013·南充模拟)A.Goodforyou!B.Itisnoneofmybusiness.C.Youmusthavebeencheated.D.Sowhat?解析：Goodforyou!你真行!Itisnoneofmybusiness这不关我的事;Youmusthavebeencheated你肯定被骗了;Sowhat?那又怎样?3.—Myfatherisinhospitalagain.—____.Ihopehe’llrecoversoon.(2013·内江模拟)A.It’sOKB.SorrytohearthatC.Allright

D.Don’tmentionit解析：Sorrytohearthat听到那件事我很难过;It’sOK/Allright好的;Don’tmentionit别客气。4.—Willyoucompletethetaskintime?—Sure,Iwill.____.A.EverythingispossibleB.Butit’stoohardC.NomatterwhatwillhappenD.Thoughit’sapieceofcake解析：此处答语部分相当于Sure,Iwillcompletethetaskintime,nomatterwhatwillhappen。Nomatterwhatwillhappen是一个让步状语从句。5.—Ittookmetwentyyearstobuildupmybusiness,anditalmostkilledme.—Well,youknowwhattheysay.____.A.ThereisnosmokewithoutfireB.PracticemakesperfectC.AllroadsleadtoRomeD.Nopai