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1aspeoplecontinretogrowandage,ourbodysystemscontinuetochange,atacertainstageinyourlife,yourbodysystemwillbegintobeweaker,yourjointsmaybecomestiffitmaybecomemoredifficultforyoutoseeandhear.theslowchangeofagaingcarsesourbodiestolosesomeoftheirabilitytorecoverfromdiseaseandinjury.inordertolivelonger,wehavealwaystriedtosloworstopthisprocessthatleadsustowardtheendofourlivesmanyfactorscontributetoyourhealthawell-balanceddietplaysanimportantrole.theamountandtypeofexercisesyougetisanotherfactor.yourlivingenvironmentandtheamountofpresureyouareunderisstillanother.butscientistsstudyingagingwanttoknow:whydopeoplegetold?theyhopethatbyexaminingtheagingprocessonthelevelofcells,medicalsciencemaybeabletomakelifelonger随着人们继续增长和年龄,我们的身体系统的不断变化,在你生活中的某些阶段,你的身体系统将开始疲软,你的关节可能变得僵硬,它可能会变得更加困难,给你看和hear.失去一些疾病和损伤恢复的能力为了活得更长,我们一直试图以减缓或阻止这一进程,使我们病房我们的生活结束许多因素有助于您的健康,良好的均衡饮食中起着重要作用。你的练习的数量和类型,另一个因素是您的生活环境和量的压力,您是在仍然是另一回事,但研究老化的科学家们想知道:人为什么会老的,他们希望通过研究在细胞水平的衰老过程,医学科学能够使寿命更长2formorethan40years,earthhasbeensendingoutdistesssignals.atfirst,theyweresuble,thenthesignswereunmistakable.finally,asthenewmillenniumdrewnear,itwasobviousthatearth'spainhadbecomehumans'pain.thecollapseofthenorthatlanticfisheryput30,000canadiansoutofworkandruinedtheeconomiesof700communities.twoyiarsago,thefloodsinchinakilled3,600peopleandleft14millionhomeless.populationpressuresandovercrowdingmadethesituationevenworseandhowhavewerespondedtofourdecadesofeverlouderdistresssignals?we'vestgedaprocessionofearthdays,formedgreenparties,passedenvironmentallaws.allthewhilethedeclineofearth'ecosystemshascontinuedworseningwhatwillittakeforrstogetseriousabortsavingoruenvironment?pnecrucialstepisatrueaccountngofthestateoftheplaner,athoroughexaminationofthehealthofallearth'smajorecosystems,onlyacomprehensiveglobalsurveycanshowhowdamagetoonesystemisaffectingothersystemsandcandeterminewhetherearthasawholeislosingitsabilitytonurturethefulldiversityoflifeandeconomiesofnations超过40年,地球已经发出distess信号。起初,他们被suble,然后迹象unmistakable.finally,作为新千年的临近,很明显,已成为地球的痛苦人类的痛苦。崩溃北大西洋渔业工作中把3万加拿大人和毁了700个社区的经济。yiars前,在中国的水灾造成3600人死亡和左14万homeless.population压力和过度拥挤的情况更糟我们如何回应四十年不断高涨的遇险信号?我们stged地球日的游行,形成了绿色各方,地球生态系统的下降而继续恶化通过环境laws.all怎么做才能为RS中止节能ORU环境的严重吗?PNE关键的一步是一个真正的accountng刨床的状态,地球上所有主要生态系统的健康的彻底检查,只有全面的全球调查可以显示一个系统的损害是如何影响其他系统,并能确定地球作为一个整体是否正在失去其能力培养的生活和国家经济的全面的多样性3Tomostpeople,ratsmaybefrighteninganddirtyanimals,buttheychangewiththeenvironmentsurprisinglywill.thatmeansratscanlivealmostanywhereAratcaneasilygothroughatinyhole.theycanclimbupalmostanywall.TheycandigthroughtheearthandswimalmosttwokilometersRatshavebeenknowntoliveforthreedaysswimminginwater,andtheycanfallmorethan15meterswithoutgettinghurt.TheycanalsojumpashighasonemeterForfood,ratsincitieseatmostlygarbage.however,incountryside,ratsattimeseatcrops,chickens,ducksandevenyoungpigsRatscanalsomakebabyratsquickly.onemaleratandonefemaleratcanmake15,000moreratsinoneyiarthroughtheirbabiesandtheirbabies’babies,thatisthereaonwhyitisdifficulttowipeoutalloftheratsinoneplace.anypoisonthatmaykillratsatfirstwillnotkilltheratsbornlater.infact,naturewillmakethenewratsabletoliveeveniftheyetthepoison对大多数人来说,老鼠可能是可怕和肮脏的动物,但他们与环境的变化令人惊讶的will.that意味着老鼠可以活几乎在任何地方一只老鼠可以很容易地通过一个微小的hole.they可以爬上几乎所有的墙。他们可以通过地球挖和游泳差不多两公里的老鼠已经住3天在水中游泳,并没有受到伤害,他们可以下降超过15米。他们还可以跳一米多高城市老鼠的食物,爱吃垃圾。然而,在农村,有时老鼠吃庄稼,鸡,鸭,甚至幼猪老鼠也能很快使宝宝大鼠雄性大鼠和一个雌性大鼠可以使在一个yiar15,000大鼠通过他们的婴儿和他们的婴儿的婴儿,为什么它是难以消灭所有的老鼠在一个地方,是在reaon任何毒药,可以杀死大鼠起初不会杀了以后出生的老鼠......其实,自然会使即使他们能够生活的新大鼠等的毒药4Takeanylongpieceofpaper.nowgluetheendsofthepapertogether.youhavemadearing.Takeasecondlongpieceofpaper.Twistthpaperonceandgluetheendstogether.nowyouhavemadeamobiusband.forpeoplewhostudymath,thisbandisspecialThisstrangebandwasfirstmadeinthe1800sbyagermanmannamedaugustmobius.mrmobiusstudiedmath.hewantedtofindawaytoprovehowthisbandworkswithmathbelieveitornot,thisbandhasonlyonesurface.youcanfindthisoutforyourselfIfyoudrawalineonthesurfaceofthepaperbeforeyoutwistandglueit,thelineisonlyononesideofthepaper.thepaperhaswosurfaces.however,ifyoudrawalineafteryoumakethemobiusband,youcanfollowthelinearoundallsidesofthepaper.inotherwords,themobiusbandmusthaveonlyonesurfaceItisalsokindoffuntoseewhathappenswhenyoucuttheband.ifyoucutthemobiusbandinhalfoncedownthelineyoudrew,youdonotgettwomobirsbands‘instead,afteryoucuttheband,itturnsintoonelargetwistedring.then,ifyoucutthisringnhalfa;ongthemiddleofthebandagain,yougittwoconnectedmobirsbands任何纸张的长片。现在胶纸张的两端,你有一环。拿一张纸的第二长片。扭一次次纸和胶水,你有一个莫比乌斯带的两端together.now。学习数学的人,这个乐队是特殊这种奇怪的乐队最初在19世纪由德国男儿8月mobius.mr莫比乌斯研究数学,他想找到一种方法来证明这个乐队的作品如何与数学相信与否,这个乐队只有一个外表,您可以觉得这是为自己如果纸张的外表上绘制一条线之前,扭曲和胶水,该行只在纸张的一面。纸张窝的外表,但是,如果你画一条线后,使莫比乌斯带,你可以按照周围的所有纸张两面行,换句话说,莫比乌斯带只能有一个外表这也是一种乐趣看个究竟,当你切乐队,如果你减少了一半的莫比乌斯带,一旦你画的路线,你不会得到两个mobirs乐队“,而不是后,你砍了乐队,它变成一个大的扭曲环,然后,如果你切断这个戒指ñ半;王再次乐队中,你的git两个频段连接mobirs5Eversincehumanshavelivedontheearth,theyhavemadeuseofdifferentwaysofcommunication.usually,theexpressionofideasandfeelingshasbeenintheformoforalwhichmotionstandsforletters,words,andideas.touristsandthepeopleunabletohearorspeakhadtodipendonthiskindofexpression.manyofthesesignsofwholewordsareveryvividandexactandcanbeusedinternationally.Spilling,however,cannot.Bodylanguageexpressesideasorthoughtsbycertainactions.anodmaymeanapprovalwhileshakingtheheadindicatestheopposite.OtherformsofnonlinguisticlanguagecanbefoundinBraille,signalflags,morsecode,andsmokesignals.roadmapsandpicturesignsalsocangiveinstructiontopeopleWhilethelanguageisthemostcommonlyusedwayofcommunication,othersystemsandtechniquesalsoexpresshumanideasandthoughts自从人类在地球上生活,他们使用不同的communication.usually方式,表达思想和感情已经口头形式运动为代表的字母,单词,和想法。,游客和人民无法听到或发言dipend这种表达。整个单词这些迹象都非常生动,准确,可用于国际。溢出,但是,不能。身体语言表达某些行动的思想或想法可能意味着一点头批准,而摇头表示相反。其他形式的非语言的语言中可以找到盲文,信号旗,莫尔斯电码,和烟雾signals.road地图和图片的迹象,也能给人指令而语言是沟通的最常用的方式,其他系统和技术,也表达人的意见和想法6.In1987,thenationalboardforprofessionalteachingstandardsbeganitsworktosetnewstandardsofachievementfortheteachingprofessionandtoimprovethequalityofeducationforallchildreninU.S.Ateachersarecommittedtostudentsandtheirlearning.theymustteachaccordingtothebeliefthatallstudentscanlearn.theymustknowthereareindividualdifferencesAmongthestudentsandteachthemaccordingly.theymustknowtheirworkisnotonlytodevelopmentoftheircharacterandself–conceptTeachersmustknowthesubjectsandknowhowtoteachthem.theyareresponsibleforhowtomanagingandmonitoringthem.theyshouldusemoreskillstomeettheteachinggoalsandlearnfromexperience,getadvicesfromothersanddoeducationresearchtoimprovepracticeAsmembersoflearningcommunities,teacherscontributetoschooleffectivenessbycollaboratingwithothers.theymakefulluseofcommunityresourcesandgetmoreknowledgeoftheirschoolcommunity在1987年,全国专业教学标准委员会开始工作,教学专业,设置新的成果标准和以提高美国教师的所有儿童的教育质量,致力于学生和他们的学习,他们必须教根据相信所有学生都能学习。他们必须知道有个体差异在学生中间,并教给他们。他们必须知道他们的工作不仅是他们的性格和自我概念的开展教师必须知道的科目,并知道如何教给他们,他们是如何管理和监控他们负责,他们应该使用更多的技能,以满足教学目标,并从经验中学习,得到别人的意见,做教育研究,以提高实践教师作为学习型社区的成员,有助于学校效能与他人合作,他们充分利用社区资源,并得到他们的学校社区的知识Elephantswhopaintarenotnew.paintingsbyruby,anasianelephantwholivedatthephoenixzooinArizona,soldforupto5.000dollarsinthelate1980s,saiddickgeorge,aconsultantwiththezoo“rubywasaboutsevenmonthsoldwhenshefirstcametothezoo”saidgeorge.”shelivedwithagoatandsomechickens,butshedidn’thaveanelephantcompanionforanumberofyearsShespentalotoftimedrawinginthedirtwithasticktomakeherdaysmorestimulating.herkeeperboughthersomeartsupplies”georgesaid,”rubywasexcitedaboutpaintngrightfromthebeginning”Theelephantsattheartacademiesinthesoutheastasiaaretaughttoholdapaintbrushwiththetipoftheirially,thkeeperguidestheelephant’strunkoverthecanvasandoffersrewardsforgoodperformance“itonlytakesafewhourstoadaytoteachthem,”saidmiafineman,anarthistorianwhosebookwhenelephantspaintisanillustratedhistoryoftheasianelephantartandconservationproject迪克说,动物园参谋乔治,油漆大象不是成交价为5.000美元,在20世纪80年代末由红宝石,谁住在亚利桑那州凤凰城动物园的亚洲象,new.paintings乔治说:“红宝石约7个月大,当她第一次来到动物园。”她住一只羊和一些鸡,但她没有了数年的大象同伴她花了很多时间绘制中的污垢,用棍子使更多stimulating.her门将她的天她买了一些美术用品“乔治说,”红宝石paintng从一开始就感到兴奋“大象在东南亚的艺术院校教授提示ially,日门将指南大象的躯干在画布与画笔,为奖励表现良好艺术史学家,他的书当大象漆是亚洲象艺术和保护工程的说明历史“只需几个小时,每天教给他们,说:”MIAfinemanThedevelopmentofrapidtransitraillinesincitiesshouldparallellocaleconomicdevelopmentandblindconstructionofsuchlinesshouldbeavoided,aconferencemadesuchriportyesterdayTheconferencewaschairedbypremierwenjiabao,whosaidthebuildingofrapid-transitraillinesincitiesshouldbecarriedoutaccordingtostrictguidelinesandmanagementsystemsofsuchlinesshouldbeimproved;itemphasizedthattheamoumsofdomesticallymadeequipmentusedininfrastructureprojectshorldbeincreasedTheconferencealsotookintoconsiderationthedraftlawonsupervisionandmanagementofthebankingsectors.itwasagreedattheconferencethatthelawsgoverningthepeople’sbankofchinaandcommercialbanksneedtobeamendedsothattheresponsilitiesandrolesofthemwillbemadeclear捷运铁路线,在城市的开展应该并行地方经济开展和盲目建设,应防止这样的行,会议作出这样的riport昨日会议主持国务院总理温家宝说,根据严格的指导方针和应该改良的管理系统这样的行,应进行城市建设的快速transitrail线,它强调,在根底设施中使用的国产设备amoums工程shorld增加会议还考虑到了银行sectors.it的管理和监督的法律草案,同意在这次会议上,中国人民银行和商业银行的法律需要修订,使responsilities和他们的角色将明确9askthreepeopletolookoutthesamewindowatabusyroadcornerandtillyouwhattheysee.itislikelythatyouwillgetthreedifferentanswers.iachpersonseesthesamescene,buteachperceivessomethingdifferentaboutitPerceivinggoesoninourminds.amongthethreepeoplelookingoutthewindow,onemaysaythatheseesapolicemanstoppingadrunkendriver.anothermaysaythatheseesatrafficjam.thethirdmaytillyouthatheseesawomancrossingthestreet.forperceptionisthemind’sinterpretationofwhatthesenses,inthiscaseorueyes,tillus.Manypsychologistsnowadaysarestudyingtodeterminehowapersonexperiencesorperceivestheworldaroundhim.usingascientificway,thesepsychologistssetrpexperimentsinwhichtheycancontrolallfactors.Bymeasuringandchartingtheresultsofexperingments,theytrytofindoutwhatmakesdifferentpeopleperceivedifferentthingsaboutthesamescene问3人来看待,在繁忙的路口,直到你他们see.it很可能,你会得到三个不同answers.iach的人看到同样的场景在同一窗口,但每个感知不同的东西周易的推移我们minds.among的三人望着窗外,有人可能会说,他看到一名警察停止醉酒driver.another可能会说,他看到一个交通jam.the第三个可能,直到你,他看到一名女子横过street.for感知是心灵的解释的感官,在这种情况下ORU的眼睛,直到我们。时下许多心理学家研究,以确定如何一个人的经验或认识他周围的世界。使用科学的方法,这些心理学家设置RP的实验,使他们能够控制各方面的因素。通过测量和制图的experingments结果,他们试图找出是什么让不同的人认为对同一场景不同的事情10whenhenryfordwasmanufacturingautomobiles,hewantedtosellthemtoeveryone.thisiscalledmassmarketing,rockvideos,ontheotherhand,aredirectedprimarilyatayouthmarket.thisiscalledtargetmarketing,itisverycommonformanufacturersandsillerstoproducegoodsforspecificgroupsofpeople.makersofsoapsanddetergentsdirecttheirproductsatamassmarketwhilethesillersofluxioushandbagsaimforsomecustomerswhocanaffordtheirexpensiveproducts。.amassmarketisbydefinitionverylarge.Targetmarkes,however,neednotbesmall.theteenagemarketintheu.s.a,westerneruope,andjapanisquitelarge.theseniorcitizenmarketisconstantlyincreasgresearchisusedtoidentifyspecifictargetpopulationsandtheirbuyingpotentialOneoftheadvzntagesoftargetmarketingisthepossibilityofbecomingtheleaderinaspecificmarket.thisisoftendonebymakingproductsthataredistinctivewithinthecategory当福特是汽车制造业,他想卖掉所有人。这就是所谓的群众营销,摇滚视频,另一方面,主要针对青年market.this叫做目标市场营销,这是很常见的制造商和雅·席勒斯生产的商品的特定群体的people.makers肥皂和洗涤剂的直接产品在一个群众市场而雅·席勒斯的豪华手袋目的为一些客户谁能够负担得起昂贵的产品。一个群众市场的定义是非常大的。目标市场,然而,不需要small.the青少年市场在美国,欧洲和日本的西部,是相当large.the老年市场是不断increasg研究是用来确定特定的目标群体和他们的购置潜力一个advzntages的目标市场是可能性成为领导者在一个特定的市场。这通常是通过使产品,独特的范畴内Passage11Weallassociatecolorswithfeelingsandattitudes.inpoliticsdarkblueoftenmeans“tradition”,andredmeans”socialchange”,butbluecanalsomeansadness,whiteisoftenforpurity,althoughinchinawhiteisforfuneralsandredisusedtoexpressthejoyofawedding,inwesternEuropewhiteiswornatweddingandblackforfunerals.advertisersareawareoftheimportanceofselectingcolorsaccordingtothewanypeoplereacttothem.soappowderscomeinwhiteandlightbluepakets(cleanandcold,likeice),cerealsoftencomeinbrownpackets(likethewheatfield).Wheredotheseideascomefrom?maxLuscherfromtheuniversityofGenevabelievesthatinthebeginning,lifewasindicatedbytwofactorsbeyondourcontrol:nightandday.nightbroughtpassivity,andageneralslowingofmetabolism,thusprovidingrswithenergyandpower.darkblue,therefore,isthecolorofquietandpassivity,brightyellowthecolorofhopeandactivity我们都赞同色彩与情感和态度。在政治上深蓝色往往意味着“传统”,而红色表示“社会变迁”,但蓝色也能表示悲伤,白色是纯洁,虽然在中国是白色的葬礼和红色是用来表达欢乐的婚礼,在西欧是白色的穿黑色婚礼和葬礼。广告商了解的重要性,选择颜色根据要人反响。肥皂粉是白色和浅蓝色pakets〔清洁和寒冷,像冰一样〕,谷物经常是在棕包〔如小麦场〕。这些创意来自于哪里呢?最大卢歇尔于日内瓦大学认为,生命开始,说明2我们无法控制的因素:白天和黑夜。晚上带来被动,和一般减缓新陈代谢,从而提供了遥感与能源与动力。因此,深蓝色,颜色是安静和被动,鲜黄色的颜色和希望活动Passage12Thoughitismereto3percentofthepopulation,theupperclasspossessesatleast25percentofthenation’swealth.thisclasshastwosegments:upper-upperandlower-rpper.Severalgengerationsandaristocracyofbirthandwealth.mostofthemarenotvisibletothepublic.theyliveinseclrsion,drawingtheirincomefromtheinvesmentoftheirinheritedwealth.incontrast,thelowerupperclassisthenewrich.althoughtheymaybewealthierthansomeoftheoldrich,thenewrichareeagertomakemoneylikeeverybodyelsebeneaththeirclass.thustheirprestigeisgenerallylowerthanthatoftheoldrichHoweveritswealthisacquired,theupperclassisvery,viryrich.theyhaveenoughmoneyandleisuretimetocultivateaninterestintheartsandtocollectrarebooks,paintingsandsculpture,theyliveinexclusiveareas,belongtoexclusivesocialclubs,communicatewitheachother,andmarrytheirownkind.allofthesekeepthemsodistantfromthemassesthattheyhavebeencalledtheout-ofsightclass.theyalsohaveacommandofanenormousamountofpowerandinfluencehereandabroadingovernment,banks,etc.theiractionsaffectthelivesofmillions虽然这是只有百分之3的人口,上层阶级具有至少百分之25的国家财富。这类有两节:upper-upper和lower-rpper。几gengerations和贵族出身和财富。他们大多是不可见的。他们生活在seclrsion,吸引他们的收入从他们的theinvesment继承财富。相反,在上下层阶级是新的富有。尽管他们可能是富裕比一些老丰富,新的丰富的渴望赚钱,像其他人在他们的class.thus他们的声望普遍低于其丰富的老但是它的财富是如何获得的,上层阶级是非常,rich.they维里有足够的钱和空闲时间培养一个文化艺术的兴趣,并收集珍贵书籍,绘画和雕塑,他们生活在专属区,属于专属俱乐部,互相沟通,并娶了自己的所有这些保存。他们从遥远的群众,他们被称为不见班。他们也有一个掌握着巨大的权力和影响力在这里和国外政府,银行,阐述行动影响数百万人的生命Passage13Wallstreetisthenameofastreetinnewyorkandveryfamousinthewholeworld.itisthefinancialcenteroftheusa,exertingasignificantinfluencerpontheword’seconomy.hettygreen,whowasbornin1835,wasnicknamedtheWizard〔奇才;〕ofwallstreet.shebecamealmostalegendaryfigureinwallstreet,becarseshemadealotofmoneybuyingandsellingincompaniesHettygreenbeganmakingmoneywhenherfatherdiedandsheinheritedallhismoney.byinvestingitwisely,shesoonbuiltupherfortunetoover200milliondollars..however,shehatedspendingmoneyonherselforonherfamily.Actually,shehatedspendingmoneyoneverythingexceptbuyingshares.shewassomeanthatwhenhersonEdwardbrokehesleg,shewouldnotsendforadoctor,shedidnotwanttohavetopayadoctor’sbill.sherefusedtosendhersontoagoodhospital.instead,shetooktheboytoafreecharityhospital.therehedidnotwouldnotpayforproperhospitaltreatment.shesentforadoctorwhocutofftheboy’sleginhersittingroom.it’sincredible,isn’tit.华尔街街道的名字在纽约非常有名的world.it是美国的金融中心,施加重大影响的rpon祈求seconomy.hetty绿色,谁是天生的1835,被称为向导〔奇才;〕壁street.she几乎成了传奇人物,在华尔街,因为她做了很多钱购置和销售公司海蒂绿色开始赚钱时,她的父亲去世,她继承了他所有的钱投资。它明智的,她很快就建立了她的财富超过200000000美元的。然而,她讨厌花钱在自己或家人。实际上,她讨厌花钱以外的所有购置shares.she是如此的意思,当她的儿子爱德华打破了他的腿,她就不请医生,她不想必须支付医生的账单。她拒绝让儿子好hospital.instead,她把这个男孩带到一个免费的慈善医院。他不将不会支付适当的医院treatment.she派人去请医生谁切断男孩的腿坐在房间。真是不可思议,不是吗?14Theernmenthasrecentlyhelpedpeoplelearnmoreaboutdangersofearthquakebypublishingamap.thismapshowsthechancesofanearthquakeineachpartofthecountry.theareasofthemapwheretheerquakesaremostlikelytohappenarecalledearthquakebelt.thegovernmentisspendingmuchmoneyandisworkinghardtohelpdiscoverifwecanpredictearthquakeandifwecancontrolitToanswerthefirstquestioarelookingverycloselyatthemostactivefaultsystemsinthecountry,suchasthesanandreasfaultinCalifornia.scientistslookatthefaultsforchangeswhichmightshowthatanearthquakewasabouttooccur.butitwillbemanyyearsbeforewecanpredictearthquakesaccurately.andthecontrolofearthquakesaccurately.andthecontrolofearthquakesisevenfartheraway.美国政府最近已帮助人们学习更多关于危险的地震所出版的地图。该地图显示的时机,地震在每一个国家的一局部。该地区的地图,在erquakes最有可能发生的地震belt.the称政府花费太多金钱和努力工作,如果我们可以帮助发现地震预测,如果我们可以控制它第一个答复questioare密切关注最活泼的断层系统的国家,如圣安德烈亚斯加利福尼亚故障。科学家看断层的变化可能说明,地震即将occur.but这将需要许多年之前,我们可以精确预报地震。地震的控制和准确。控制地震甚至更远。15Inthelatterpartofthe20thcentury,childlaborwasaseriousprobleminmanyplacesofworld.in1979,theinternationalyearofthechild,morethan50millionchildrenundertheageof15wereworkingindifferentkindsofjoboftenindangerousconditions.manyofthesechildrenliveinunderdevelopedcountries.theirlivingconditionsarebadandtheirchancesforeducationalmostzero.however,thesmallincometheybringinisnecessaryfortheirfamilieswhooftendonothavenecessitiesoflife,suchasenoughfood,clothingandshelter,andeverwaterforabathThemostimportanteffortstosolvetheproblemomefromtheinternationallabororganization.theorganizationhassuggestedthelimitedminimumageof16foralljobs.however,theorganizationdoesnothavethepowertoorderthegovernmentsofthosecountries;itdependsonthevoluntaryobedienceofthem在后者的一局部,第二十个世纪,童工是一个严重的问题在许多地方的world.in1979,国际儿童年,超过50000000岁以下的儿童15人工作在不同类型的工作往往是在危险的条件。许多这些儿童生活在欠兴旺国家的生活条件恶劣。和他们的教育的时机几乎zero.however小收入,他们带来的是必要的,他们的家庭往往没有足够的生活必需品,如食物,衣服和住所,而水洗澡最重要的努力来解决这个问题是从国际劳工组织建议organization.the有限的最低年龄为16的所有jobs.however,组织有权命令这些国家的政府;它取决于自愿服从他们16Beingpoorisashamefulexperienceforayoungpersontryinghardtobeacceptedbythesociety.itishardtotalkaboutevenafterseveralyearsWelivedinalotofoldhouses.wemovedalotbecausewewerealwayslookingforsomethingbetterthanwhatwehad.myfamilyworkedwohard.mymotherwasalwaysathome,butforherthatwasafull–timejob,butnotoffun.myfatherworkedhisheadofffrommuchmoneydadmade,wenevermovedtoahigherplaceinsocialladderWelivedlikehell,butwewenttoschoolwell-clothedandwithafullstomachbecarsemyparentssparedeverycoinforrs.thankstoacollegescholarship,Ifinallygotoutofthehell贫穷是一种可耻的经验对于一个年轻的人,竭力为社会所接受。很难谈论甚至几年后我们住过很多老houses.we感动很多人因为我们总是寻找更好的东西比我们所拥有的。我的家人我努力工作。我的母亲一直在家里,但她是一个完整的–时间工作,而不是fun.my父亲从他的头的钱了,我们没有搬到一个更高的地方的社会阶梯我们的生活像地狱,但我们去学校衣着整齐,与全胃因为我父母每个硬币rs.thanks幸免大学奖学金,我终于走出地狱17asearlyas1998,consumerscouldbuyalmostanythingovertheinternet,books,clothes,discs,andeventelevisionwereavailablefromworldwidewebsitesthatseemedtospringrpalmosteveryday.afewyearsearlier,somepeoplehadpredictedthatconsumershadbeenusedtoshoppinginstores,agrowingnumberofconsrmersbegantobutthingsfromtheirhomecomputerbecausetheywantedtosavetime.anditturnedouttobeveryconvenientAresearchestimatedthatin1998usconsumerswoulpurchase7.3billiondollarsofgoodsovertheinternet,doublethe1997total.findingabarginwasgettingeasierbecarseoftheriseofonlinearctionsandwebsites.soconsumerscandocomparisonshoppingontheinternetforthebestbarginInternetretailingattractsinvestrorsbecarseitprovidedanefficientmeansforreachingmillionsofconsumerswithouthavingthecostofoperatingconventionalshopsandstoressomanysalespeople17早1998,消费者可以购置几乎任何东西在互联网上,书籍,衣服,光盘,甚至电视可从万维网站,似乎春天反相几乎每天。几年前,有人曾预言,消费者已经习惯于在商店购物,越来越多的consrmers开始但从他们家里的电脑是因为他们想节省时间。它原来是很方便的一项调查估计,1998的美国消费者会购置7.3billion美元的商品在互联网上,双1997total.finding一篇是越来越容易因为兴起的在线arctions和网络sites.so消费者可以做网上比拟购物的最正确交易互联网零售吸引investrors因为它提供了一种有效的手段,到达数百万消费者无需本钱经营传统商店和商店很多推销员18somedayastrangerwillreadyoure-mailwithoutyourpermission.orperhapssomeonewillcasrallyglancethroughyourcreditcardpurchasesorcellphonebillstofindoutyourshoppingpreferencesorcallinghabits.Infact,thesethingshavealreadyhappenedtoyou.whowouldwatchyouwithoutyourpermission?itmightbeawifeorhusband,agirlfriend,amarketingcompany,aboss,acoporacriminal.whoeveritis,theywillseeyouinawayyouneverintendedtobeseen.Psychologiststellusthatit’simpwrtanttorevealyourselftofriends,familyandloversinstages,atappropriatetimes.butsometimes,theinformationyouleaveeverywheremakesiteasyforstrangerstofigureoutwhoyouare,whereyouareandwhatyoulike.insomecases,asimplegooglesearchcanrevealwhatyouthink.likeitornot,increasinglyweliveinaworldwhereyousimplycannotkeepasecretThekeyquestionis:doesthatmatter?formanyAmericans,theanswerapparentlyis“no”whentheyareaskedabortprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedabortlosingit,asurveyfound60percentofpeopletheyasksaytheyfeeltheirprivacyis“slippingaway,andthatbothersme”Butpeoplesayonethinganddoanother.onlyatinypartofAmericansclangeanybehaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacydoesmatter,atleastsometimes.it’slikehealth:whenyouhaveit,youdon’tnoticeit.onlywhenit’sgonedoyouwishyou’ddonemoretoprotectit.有一天,一个陌生人阅读了你的电子邮件,没有你的permission.or也许会有人casrally看了你的信用卡购置或账单就会发现你的购物喜好或是打的习惯。事实上,这些事情已经发生过你。谁会看你没有你的批准吗?这可能是一个丈夫或妻子,女朋友,一个营销公司,老板,警察或者罪犯。不管是谁,他们会看到你的方式你不想看到的。心理学家告诉我们,这是impwrtant透露自己的朋友,家人和爱人的阶段,在适当的时候。但有时,你的信息都可以很容易留下陌生人弄清你是谁,你和你like.in某些情况下,一个简单的谷歌搜索可以揭示你所think.like或不,我们越来越多地生活在你的世界里,无法保守秘密问题的关键是:这是否重要?对许多美国人来说,答案显然是“不”,当被问到最abortprivacy,说他们关心的是失去它,一项调查发现,百分之60的人说他们问他们觉得自己的隐私是“溜走了,那些困扰我”但人们说一套做another.only一小局部美国人放掉任何行为在努力维护自己的隐私问题,至少有时。这就像健康:当你拥有它,你不会注意到it.only时的经历,你希望你做得更多,保护它。19Thewestgegantotakemorenoticeoftheeast.thefifthvolumeofanenormousworkaboutthere-assessingChinesecontributiontoscienceandtechnologyistobepublishednextyear.thefirstvolume,whichwaspublishedtwentyyearsago,setthetoneforthewholework.init,evidencewasgiventoshowthatmanyinventionswhichuntilthen,westernhistorianshadclaimedforEurope,weremadefirstinchina.theattempttorewritetheintellectualhistoryoftheworldwasnotreceivedwithoutprotestbysomereputablehistorians.howevver,theevidencethathasbeenpresentedsofarinthefirstfourvolumeshaspersuadedmanyhistorianswhowereskepticalatfirst.china’sinventionofpaper,printing,themagneticcopassandgunpowderhasneverbeendispjrted,butthisnewhistoryhasaddedadvancedbridgedesign,mechanicalclocks,paddleboatsandmanyotherinventionstothelistInthefourvolumespublishedsofarnoattempthasbeenmadetoexplainwhychinahasnotkeptupwiththewestinscienceandtechnologyinmoderntimes.itisprobablethattheansweristobefoundinthesocialandeconomichistoryofchina,whereastaticsocietyunderarelativelybenevolentregimeofscholar–gentrycontrastswiththepotentiallyrevolutionaryanddynamicsocietyofthewestattheendofthemiddleages.inrecentyears,theChinesegovernmenthasbeenmakingeveryefforttocatchupwiththewestagain,andthereislittledoubtthatthegapisbeingredrcedyearbyyear.butwillchinaavoidthewest’smistakes西gegan留意东方。第五卷的一个巨大的工作的重新评估中国科技奉献是刊登在下个year.the第一卷,这是二十年前出版,使整个工作。它,提供的证据说明,许多创造,直到那么,西方历史学家称为欧洲,是中国第一。试图改写世界知识史没有收到没有抗议的一些著名历史学家。howevver,证据已提交迄今在首四卷已说服许多历史学家谁被疑心在第一,中国创造的。纸张,印刷,磁罗盘、火药从未dispjrted,但这个新的历史增添了先进的桥梁设计,机械钟,桨帆船和许多其他创造列表在四卷出版,至今没有试图解释为什么中国没有跟上西方近代科技。这是可能的,答案是可以发现在中国社会经济史研究,在一个静态社会下一个相对仁慈的政权的学者–士绅比照与潜在的革命和西方社会在中东年底ages.in近几年,中国政府一直在努力赶上西方,而毫无疑问的是,差距正在redrced一年year.but将中国防止西方的错误20Wespendourleisuretimeefficientlyforhigherproduction.livebyclockevenwhentimedoesnotmatter,modernizeourhomesandspeedtherhythmoflivinginorderthatwecangotothemostplacesanddothemostthingsintheshortestperiodoftime.wetrytoeat,sleep,andtalkifficiently.evenonholidaysandSundays,theefficientmanrelaxesontimetablewithoneeyeontheclockandtheotheronanappointmentsheet.Tosqueezethemostoutofeachhourwehaveshortenedtheopjera,quickenedthepaceofanenemy,whenwedidthingswillinglyandbecarsewewantedto,ratherthanbecarseorttimetablecalledforit.bbutthatofcoursewouldnotbeefficiency,andweAmericansmustbeefficient我们度过休闲时间有效的高production.liveclockeven当时间并不重要,现代化的房屋和速度节奏的生活使我们可以去最多的地方,做最多的事情在最短的时间time.we尝试吃,睡,谈ifficiently。即使在节假日和星期天,高效放松时间表的一只眼睛盯着时钟和其他预约表。挤压最大的每一个小时我们已经缩短了opjera,加快了敌人,当我们做事情是因为我们希望,而不是因为运动时间表的要求。但是,当然不会是效率,而我们美国人必须是有效的21themostamazingthingabouteducationintheunitedstatesisthenumberofchoicesofreentryitoffers.thedoorsareeveropen.peopleofanyageandinanylocationmaypickupagainwheretheyleftoff.alargepartofthosewhoreceivecollegedegreeshadinterruptedtheirstudiesforatimeandreturnedtotakethemuponcemore.manywaysareopenforenrollincorrespondencecoursestocompletehighschoolorcollegework.ererydepartmentinthefederalgovernmentprovidesopportunitiesforemployeestotakecourses,thereare35,000privateschoolswhichoffercoursesforadultsintradesandotherinterests.thesepathwaysforbeginningagainareopentoeveryoneandmillionsofAmericansfollowthemereryyear最让人惊奇的教育在美国是一些选择折返提供。门都曾open.people任何年龄、任何地点可能再拾起在他们离开了。有很大一局部人谁获得大学学位的打断了他们的研究时间和返回给他们一次更多。许多方面开放供参加函授课程来完成高中或大学工作。每个部门在联邦政府提供了时机,为雇员采取课程,有35000所私立学校提供的课程,成人及其他利益。这些途径重新开始对所有人都

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