广州市新版教材八年级英语上册unit-1-3-语法专练

广州市新版教材八年级英语上册期中语法复习Unit1一、some与any的区别1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。Look!Someofthestudentsarecleaningthelibrary..Somericeinthebaghasbeensoldout.2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseaskme.Thereisn'tanyorangeinthebottle.Haveyougotanytea?3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Ican'tseeany.Ifyouhavenomoney,I'lllendyousome.复合不定代词由some,every,no,any分别与one,thing和body组合即可得到以下复合不定代词：someoneanyonenooneeveryonesomethinganythingnothingeverythingsomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody一般来说，由some构成的复合不定代词往往用于肯定句中；而由any构成的复合不定代词则往往用于否定句或疑问句中。IheardsomeonesingingwhenIwasatworklastnight.Pleasegivemesomethingtoread.(拓展）由some构成的复合不定代词有时也可用于疑问句中，用来表示请求、建议等语句。Wouldyoulikesomethingtoread?Whynotbuysomethinginteresting?复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Somebodywantstoseeyou.IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?形容词修饰复合不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing等时，要放在不定代词的后面。Doyouhaveanythingimportanttotellus?Weneedonemorehelper.Canyoufindanyoneelse?Unit2基数词与序数词基数词的用法基数词是表示数目多少的词用于名词前表示数量的多少。Ihavethreepens.表示时间。It’seleveno’clocknow.表示年龄。Mymotheristhirty-eightyearsold.表示价格Thebikeistwohundredandthirty-fiveyuan.基数词在表示确切的数字时，不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式；但是，当基数词表示不确切数字，如成百、成千上万，三三两两时，基数词则以复数形式出现。Therearetwohundredpeopleintheroom.Therearehundredsofpeopleintheroom.表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式表示。Hebecameaprofessorinhisthirties．他三十多岁时成为了教授。Itwasinthe1960s．那是在二十世纪六十年代。序数词的用法序数词是表示顺序先后的词，其主要用法有表示顺序Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.表示第几次ThisismysecondtimetovisitNanjing.表示日期TodayisthefifthofMarch..（拓展）序数词主要用做定语，通常在前面加定冠词the.但序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词theMrLinlivesonthefifthfloor.Simonishisthirdchild.如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an,则表示“再，又”。You’llhavetodoitasecondtime.表示编号时，可用“序数词+名词”或“名词+基数词”。Let’sstudythefifthlesson.=let’sstudyLessonFive.加、减、乘、除的英文表达1.2plus2isfour.2.6minus3isthree.3.7multipliedby8is56.4.16dividedby4is4.Unit3一、形容词比较级和最高级A.大多数形容词有三种形式，原级，比较级和最高级，以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。B.形容词的原级:形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。例如:poor,tall,great，glad,bad等C.形容词的比较级和最高级:形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。分为规则变化和不规则变化。1.规则变化如下;B.副词“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…例如，Hedoesn’twalkasslowlyasyou.他走路不像你那样慢。二、比较级的用法1.可以修饰比较级的词，much，alot，far，…的多alittle，abit，…一点儿；even甚至，still仍然例如LessonOneismucheasierthanLessonTwo.第一课比第二课容易得多。Tomlooksevenyoungerthanbefore.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。Thistrainrunsmuchfasterthanthatone.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。Shedrivesstillmorecarefullythanherhusband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。2.2.比较级常用的句型结构(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”例如，TomistallerthanKate.汤姆比凯特高。Thisroomisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.这个房间比那个大三倍。“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”例如，Igotupearlierthanmymotherthismorning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。Herunsthreetimesfasterthanhisbrother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍(2)A.形容词“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义“甲最……”。例如，TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.=TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyoftheotherriversinChina.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。=TheYangtzeRiverislongerthantheotherriversinChina.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。=TheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinChina.长江是中国最长的河流。※注意：TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyriverinJapan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长B.副词“甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“甲最……”。例如，Mikegetstoschoolearlierthananyotherstudentinhisclass.=Mikegetstoschoolearlierthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。=Mikegetstoschoolearlierthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。=Mikegetstoschoolearliestinhisclass.迈克在他们班到校最早。※注意：MikegetstoschoolearlierthananystudentinTom’sclass.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。(迈克和汤姆不是同一个班)(3)“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”。例如：Lookatthetwoboys.Mybrotheristhetallerofthetwo.看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。例如，Heisgettingtallerandtaller.他变得越来越高了。Theflowersaremoreandmorebeautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。Hedoeshishomeworkmoreandmorecarefully.他做作业越来越认真了。(5)“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。例如，Themorecarefulyouare，thefewermistakesyou’llmake.你越认真，犯的错误越少。(6)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，甲or乙？”例如，Whichisbigger，theearthorthemoon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级，甲or乙？”例如，Whodrawsbetter，JennyorDanny？谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？3.最高级常用句型结构(1)“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。例如，Tomisthetallestinhisclass./ofallthestudents.Thisappleisthebiggestofthefive.“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。例如，Ijump(the)farthestinmyclass.(2)“主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。例如，BeijingisoneofthelargestcitiesinChina.北京是中国最大城市之一。(3)“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。例如，Whichcountryisthelargest，China，BrazilorCanada？“特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较例如，Whichseasondoyoulike(the)best，spring，summerorautumn？Unit1语法专练单项选择题Wehave______apples.Butwedon’thave_____bananas.A.some;someB.any;anyC.some;anyD.any;someIsthere_______inthisbook?A.somethinginterestingB,anythinginterestingC.interestingsomethingD.interestinganything--Is_______here?Yes,weareallhere.A.anybodyB.everybodyC.somebodyD.nobodyDoes______knowtheanswertothequestion?Me.A.everybodyB.anybodyC.somebodyD.nobody--Peterhasnothingtodoatthemoment.--Letmegivehim_______toread.A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing6.Iaskedmyfriendforsomeink,butshedidn'thave.A.some B.any C.no D.alot7.Parentsshouldunderstandthattheycan'tdo_____fortheirchildrenandkidshavetolearntobeindependent.A.somethingB.nothingC.everythingD.Anything8.Ifeltsohungryatmidnight,butIcouldn'tfind________toeatinmyflat.A.everythingB.somethingC.anything D.Nothing9.TheEnglishguestcouldspeakonlyChinese,butshemanagedtocommunicatewithus.A.few B.little C.alittle D.afew10.-Haveyoubrought_______withyou?Wewon’thavetimetocomeback.-Don’tworry.Allthethingsweneedarehere,inthisbigbag.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.EverythingKeys:1-5CBBBB6-10BCCCDUnit2语法专练--Canyouwritethenumbereighty-fivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-six?--Yes,itis__________.A.856,620B.85,626C.58,662D.58,626September_______isTeachers’Day.A.thetenB.thetenthC.theten’sD.TenHowmanynewwordsaretherein______lesson?Thereareonly______.A.nine;threeB.ninth;threeC.theninth;thethreeD.theninth;three--Whichroomdoyoulivein?--Ilivein_______.A.Room405B.the405’sroomC.the405roomD.Room405thThereare_____ofstudentsinourschoolbutonly_____ofthemareboys.A.hundreds;twohundredB.hundred;twohundredsC.Hundreds;twohundredsD.hundred;twohundred_______plussevenisthirteen.A.FiveB.SixC.EightD.NineWe’rethestudentsof_______.A.GradeThreeB.ThreeGradeC.theGradeThreeD.theThreeGradeTheroadisover_______metreslong.A.sixhundredandfifty-twoB.sixhundredsandfifty-twoC.sixhundred,fifty-twoD.sixhundred;fiftyandtwo--Whatshouldwedonow,Mr.Black?--PleaseturntoPage______andlookatthe_____picture.A.Twelve;fifthB.Twelfth;fifthC.Twelve;fiveD.Twelfth;five10.Thereare_______inourclassroom.A.hundredofbooksB.thehundredsofbooksC.hundredsofbooksD.hundredofbookKeys:BBDAABAAACUnit3-4语法专项训练写出下列单词的比较级和最高级1.large__________________2.happy___________________3.big_____________________4.easy_____________________5.important____________________________6.interesting_______________________7.early____________________8.clever_________________9.expensive__________________________10.careful___________________11.good/well__________________12.many/much___________________13.little____________________14.far_______________15.bad/ill_____________________largerlargest2.happierhappiest3.biggerbiggest4.easiereasiestmoreimportantmostimportant6.moreinterestingmostinteresting7.earlierearliestcleverercleverest9.moreexpensivemostexpensive10.morecarefulmostcarefulbetterbest12.moremost13.lessleast14.farther/furtherfarthest/furthest15.worseworst二．单项选择题。1.__Dad,howcanIgetonwellwithmyclassmates?—Trytobefriendlytothem.Thatwillmakeitmuch____.A.easilyB.moreeasilyC.easyD.easier2.Ithinkthesecardsarethanthosecards. A.nice B.nicer C.nicest D.thenicest3.—Whichcityisyourfavorite?—Hangzhou,ofcourse.It’sthe_____placethatIwanttovisit.A.worse B.worst C.better D.best4.—Whichdoyoulike,summerorwinter?—Iprefersummer.A.good B.well C.better D.best5.—Whosehomeis______awayfromschoolinourclass?—LiuMei’s.A.fatherB.farC.thefarthestD.near6.Manypeopleeat_____meatthantheydidbefore.—Yes,that’swhythey’regettingfatterandfatter.more B.less C.fewer D.Much7.—Thereusedtobelotsoffishinthelake.—Yes,buttherearevery__________now.A.fewB.fewerC.littleD.less8.Nanjingisn’tsolarge__________Shanghai,however,it’sthesecond__________cityinEastChina.A.like