2024届高考英语一轮复习基础自测Unit1ScienceandScientists新人教版选择性必修第二册含答案

Unit1ScienceandScientists基础默写Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形1.severeadj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的2.suspectvt.&vi.怀疑；疑有n.犯罪嫌疑人3.blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备4.handlen.把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵5.linkn.联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来6.decreasen.减少；降低vt.&vi.减少；降低7.transformvt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变8.castvt.投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷9.shadown.阴影；影子；背光处10.pourvt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）11.outstandingadj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的12.giftedadj.有天赋的；有天才的13.conceptn.概念；观念14.brilliantadj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的15.shiftn.改变；转换；轮班vi.&vt.转移；转向Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变1.frustratevt.使懊丧；使沮丧→frustratedadj.懊恼的；沮丧的→frustratingadj.令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的→frustrationn.懊丧；懊恼；沮丧2.infectvt.使感染；传染→infectionn.感染；传染3.provevt.证明→proofn.证据；证明；检验4.pureadj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purifyvt.使纯净；使洁净→purityn.纯洁；纯净5.defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解→defencen.防御；防务6.assistvt.&vi.帮助；协助→assistantn.助理；助手→assistancen.帮助；援助7.leadv.领导；导致；通向→leadern.领导者→leadershipn.领导；领导地位；领导才能→leadingadj.最重要的；一流的Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意1.contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；对立的2.subscribevi.认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费）3.multipleadj.数量多的；多种多样的4.substantialadj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的5.statisticn.[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学6.frameworkn.框架；结构7.solidadj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的8.rainbown.彩虹9.concreten.混凝土adj.确实的；具体的10.patrioticadj.爱国的11.tracevt.追溯；查出n.痕迹；踪迹12.abstractadj.抽象的；理论上的n.（文献等的）摘要Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配1.ingeneral总的来说2.thanksto幸亏；由于3.dependon/upon依靠；信赖；取决于4.calmdown平静下来5.breakout突然开始；爆发6.inchargeof主管；掌管7.aboveall最重要的是；尤其是8.onceandforall最终地；彻底地9.subscribeto同意；赞同10.dealwith处理；应对；涉及11.carryout履行；执行12.comedown患（病）；染上（小病）Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用1.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.（itseems/seemedthat...）该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。2.Accordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.（havesth.done）因此，他让人把水泵的把手拆掉，这样水泵就用不成了。3.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.（belikelytodo）与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用这种水（被污染的水）的人更容易染上霍乱。4.However，whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings，suchasmusicanddrawing.（make＋宾语＋宾补）然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。语境自测Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）1.Whatshehadsaidsoundedconvincing，butIsuspectedthatshewastellingalie.2.Amancanfailmanytimes，butheisn’tafailureuntilhebeginstoblame（责备）somebodyelse.3.Totellthetruth，Idon’tknowifIcanhandle（处理）thejob.4.SmogbecameasevereprobleminBritainbecausepeopleatthattimeburntlotsoffossilfuels.5.Thereisstrongevidenceofalinkbetweenexerciseandahealthyheart.6.Asittingroomcanbetransformedintoaguestbedroomsimplybyaddingasofa-bed.7.Thankstotheoutstandingscholarsandscientists，wehavemadegreatprogressinmanyfields.8.Thepopstar’spopularitydecreasedashegotolder，whichisonlytobeexpected.9.Heisagiftedchildwhohasanextraordinarymemoryforfigures.Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Tobetterdefendourterritory，ourcountryshouldinsistontheconstructionofnationaldefence.（defend）2.Aleadershouldpayattentiontoleadershipskills.Thus，hecanmakehiscompanybecomealeadingone.（lead）3.Johnismyassistant.OnedayhecametomyassistancewhenIneededhishelp.Heassistedmeinfinishingtheassignmentofthatday.（assist）4.Themachinecanpurifyrunningwater.Somanypeoplehaveboughtonetogetpurewater.（pure）5.Hiswoundwasinfectedwithgerms.Theinfectionledtohisfever.（infect）Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子onceandforall subscribeto thanksto breakoutinchargeof comedown aboveall1.Wefinallydecidedtohandlethisannoyingmatteronceandforall.2.Tomcamedownwithfluandhadtostayhome.3.Anexperiencedengineerisinchargeoftheproject.4.Thankstorecentresearch，effectivetreatmentsareavailable.5.Weareinthehabitofsubscribingtomorningpaperssoastokeepupwithcurrentevents.6.TheyhadescapedtoAmericashortlybeforethewarbrokeoutin1939.7.Lookingback，Dianaoweshercompetenceandachievementstothegoalsheset，theeducationshereceived，andaboveall，theeffortsshemade.Ⅳ.句式仿写1.他更有可能得到这个工作，因为他在所有申请者中是如此优秀。（belikelytodo）Heismorelikelytogetthejob，becauseheissooutstandingamongalltheapplicants.2.尽管有人反对，但是似乎大多数人都同意这个观点。（itseems/seemedthat...）Althoughtherewasdisagreement，itseemedthatthemajorityofpeopleagreedwiththisview.3.如果你想周日去爬山，最好在那之前把作业都