山西省阳泉市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题【含答案解析】

阳泉市2023—2024学年度第一学期期末教学质量监测试题高三英语注意事项：1.本试卷分第1卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。第1卷1至13页，第Ⅱ卷14至16页.满分180分。考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。3.回答第1卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，须用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上，否则无效。4.回答第1卷时，须用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔将答案写在答题卡上相对应的答题区域内，超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。5.第I卷共三部分。听力满分30分，不计入总分。6.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第I卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试题上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒种的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.₤19.15.B.₤9.18.C.₤9.15.答案是C。1.What’swrongwiththewoman’ssuncream?A.Itisoutdated.B.Itseemsuseless.C.Itfeelsdifferent.2.Whatwillthewomanprobablybuy?A.Sportsshoes.B.Sportsshorts.C.Sportsequipment.3.WhatdoesBenthinkofthismovie?A.Bad.B.AverageC.Amazing4.Whatcanweknowaboutthewoman’sphone?A.Itcanbechargedsoon.B.Ithasrunoutofpower.C.ItisanAndroidphone.5.Howmuchshouldthewomanpay?A.$40.B.$30.C.820.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)请听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhydidSerenacallZack?A.Foradelayedmeeting.B.Foramissingslide.C.Forateamarrangement.7.WherewillZackputthecompanyachievementssection?A.Inthebeginning.B.InthemiddleC.Intheend.听第7段对话，回答第8至10题。8.WhydoesKellylikethisapartment?A.It’squiet.B.It’sbeautiful.C.It’sconvenient.9.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Raisetherent.B.Findajob.C.Selltheapartment10.HowsoonwillthemangetKelly’sreply?A.Intwodays.B.Intwoweeks.CInamonth.听第8段对话，回答第11至14题。11.Whichistheman’sbloodtype?A.TypeA.B.TypeB.C.TypeAB.12.Howmanybloodtypesarethereintotal?A.Two.B.Four.C.Eight.13.Whydoesthewomanwanttodonateblood?A.Tosavepeople’slife.B.TotestherbloodtypeC.Tohelpmedicalresearch.14.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman?A.He’screativeB.He’sstubbornC.He’shelpful听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。15.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Tomakefriendswithhercolleagues.B.Tomanageherfriends’feelingseffectively.C.Totakehercoworkers’emotionintoconsideration.16.HowcanthewomanimproveherEQ?A.BybuttoninguphermouthB.Bycontrollingheremotions.C.Byputtingherselfinothersshoes.17.Whatdoesapersontappinghisfingersmean?A.He’snervous.B.He’simpatientC.He’sembarrassed听第10段材料，回答第18至第20题。18.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.Somefamousrappers.B.Someimportantmoments.C.Somerhymingphrases.19.Whatisameetandgreet?A.Meetingfamouspeople.B.Caringclosefriends.C.Comfortingdearfamilies.20.Whichcanbeusedtodescribesuccessandfailure?A.Makeorbreak.B.NearestanddearestC.Wearandtear第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分60分)第一节(共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThefollowing4famouspaintings—fromJanvanEyck'sportraittoPabloPicasso'smasterpiece—havestoodthetestoftime.TheAmolfiniPortraitJanvanEyck’sAmolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintingonwoodproducedin1434,inwhichamanandawomanholdhandswithawindowbehindhimandabedbehindher,isundoubtedlyoneofthemasterpiecesintheNationalGallery,London.Thispaintingisasvisuallyinterestingasitisfamed.Itisalsoaninformativedocumentonfifteenth-centurysociety,throughvanEyck'sheavyuseofsymbolism—whilehusbandswentouttoengageinbusiness,wivesconcernedthemselveswithdomesticduties.TheStarryNightVincentvanGoghpaintedTheStarryNight,oiloncanvas(帆布),amoderatelyabstractlandscapepaintingofanexpressivenightskyoverasmallhillsidevillage,duringhis12-monthstayatthementalhospitalnearSaint–Remy-de-Provence,Francebetween1889and1890.WhentheMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkCitypurchasedthepaintingfromaprivatecollectorin1941,itwasnotwellknown,butithassincebecomeoneofvanGogh'smostfamousworks.TheHarvestersTheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.ItdepictstheharvesttimewhichmostcommonlyoccurredwithinthemonthsofAugustandSeptember.NicolaesJonghelinck,amerchantbankerandartcollectorfromAntwerp,commissionedthispainting.ThepaintinghasbeenattheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCitysince1919.GuernicaGuernica,alargeblack-and-whiteoilpainting,waspaintedbytheCubistSpanishpainter,PabloPicassoin1937.Thetitle'Guernica'referstothecitythatwasbombedbyNaziplanesduringtheSpanishCivilWar.Thepaintingdepictsthehorrorsofwarandasaresult,hascometobeananti-warsymbolandareminderofthetragediesofwar.Today,thepaintingishousedattheMuseoNacionalCentrodeArteReinaSofiainMadrid.1.Whichofthefollowingpaintingswasproducedearliest?AGuernica. B.TheHarvesters.C.TheStarryNight. D.TheAmolfiniPortrait.2.Whocreatedthepaintingdescribingtheharvestseasons?A.PieterBruegeltheElder. B.VincentvanGogh.C.JanvanEyck. D.PabloPicasso.3.WhatdoweknowaboutthepaintingTheStarryNight?A.Itwaspaintedonwoodinoils.B.Itdescribedthepainter'slifeinhospital.C.Itwasn'twidelyrecognizedbefore1941.D.Itwasgivenawaytothemuseumbyacollector.【答案】1.D2.A3.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四幅名画——从扬·凡·艾克的肖像画到巴勃罗·毕加索的杰作。它们都经受住了时间的考验。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段TheAmolfiniPortrait中的JanvanEyck’sAmolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintingonwoodproducedin1434第三段TheStarryNight中的duringhis12-monthstayatthementalhospitalnearSaint-Remy-de-Provence,Francebetween1889and1890.第四段TheHarvesters中的TheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.和第五段Guernica中的Guernica,alargeblack-and-whiteoilpainting,waspaintedbytheCubistSpanishpainter,PabloPicassoin1937.由此可知，TheAmolfiniPortrait是最早创作的画。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据TheHarvesters中的TheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.“《收获者》是一幅木刻油画，由PieterBruegeltheElder于1565年完成。”可知，PieterBruegeltheElder画了这幅描绘丰收季节的画。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据TheStarryNight中的WhentheMuseumofModemArtinNewYorkCitypurchasedthepaintingfromaprivatecollectorin1941,itwasnotwellknown,butithassincebecomeoneofvanGogh'smostfamousworks.“1941年，当纽约现代艺术博物馆从一位私人收藏家手中买下这幅画时，它并不为人所知，但后来却成了梵高最著名的作品之一。”可知，TheStarryNight在1941年之前没有被广泛认可。故选C。BAfter18yearsofdevotiontorhythmicgymnastics,FanniPigniczkiclaimedthegoldmedalontheinternationalstage.The23-year-oldHungariantoppedthepodium(领奖台)notjustoncebuttwice!Inaremarkabledisplayofskillanddetermination,shesecuredvictoriesinboththeindividualall-aroundandBallatChengduSportUniversityGymnasium.“ItwasanamazingfeelingtoseetheHungarianflagrisingup,”Pigniczkisaidafterthemedalceremony.AttheChengdugames,Hungaryhassecuredthreegoldmedals,withPigniczki,thecountry’sonlyrhythmicgymnastthen,responsiblefortwoofthose.Butitwasnotwithoutasenseofregret—hererrorsintheconcludingposedeniedheramedalinanotherround.Pigniczkivowedtolearnfromthatsetback.“Ineedtoimprovemystabilityinthecomingtraining.”shesaid.Actually,thispositiveattitudeshouldbecreditedtoherpsychologybackgroundatKaroliGasparUniversityinBudapest.Thismajorbenefitsherathleticpursuits,helpinghertobettermanageheremotions.“Ihavelearnedtostaycalmerandthinklessduringcompetition.IhavealsolearnedthatIneedtorelaxandconcentrateonthe‘now’ofcompetition,”addedPigniczki.“WhenIwasakid,Itriedallkindsofactivitieslikeswimming,basketball,andballet.Seeingthesparkingoutfit,Ifellinlovewithrhythmicgymnasticsinstantly.Butwhattrulyattractsmeisthefeelingofreadinessinthesport,asIcouldalwaysimprovemore.”shesaid.ItisthisfeelingthathasmotivatedhertosetnumerousrecordsforHungarianrhythmicgymnastics.Heroutstandingperformancesatthe2021EuropeanchampionshipsearnedheraspotatthedelayedTokyoOlympics.PigniczkibecamethefirstHungarianrhythmicgymnasttogracetheOlympicstagesinceViktoriaFraterattheSydney2000Games.AttheOlympics,shefinished20thinthequalificationroundfortheindividualall-around.Lastyear,shecontinuedtomakehistorybybecomingthefirstHungariantoclaimaWorldCupmedalinrhythmicgymnastics.HerroleininspiringthenextgenerationofgymnastswasrecognizedinMaywhenshewashonoredwiththeSmartScoringShootingStaraward.4.WhatwasPigniczki’snotationtowardshererrorsincompetition?A.Shelookeddownuponthemdirectly.B.Shehadstrongsenseofregretforthem.C.Shepromisednevertomakethemagain.D.Sheanalyzedthemwithstableemotion.5.WhatattractsPigniczkimostinrhythmicgymnasticsaccordingtoparagraph4?A.Thegoldmedalsshewonforhercountry.B.TheopportunitiestoperformatOlympics.C.Thefeelingofmakingimprovementconstantly.D.Theattractiveoutfitshesawforthefirsttime.6.WhichwordbestdescribesthisHungarianrhythmicgymnast?A.Motivated.B.Responsible.C.Dominated.D.Predictable7.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthetext?A.Pridegoesbeforeafall.B.Careanddiligencebringluck.C.Thepowerofexampleisendless.D.AlltheroadsleadtoRome.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了匈牙利体操运动员FanniPigniczki在成都大运会上获得个人全能和球操两项冠军。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Butitwasnotwithoutasenseofregret—hererrorsintheconcludingposedeniedheramedalinanotherround.Pigniczkivowedtolearnfromthatsetback.‘Ineedtoimprovemystabilityinthecomingtraining.’shesaid.(但也不无遗憾——她在最后一个姿势上的失误使她在另一轮比赛中失去了奖牌。Pigniczki发誓要从这次挫折中吸取教训。‘我需要在接下来的训练中提高我的稳定性。’她说。)”和第三段中的“Thismajorbenefitsherathleticpursuits,helpinghertobettermanageheremotions.(这个专业有利于她的运动追求，帮助她更好地控制自己的情绪。)”可推知，对于她在比赛中的失误，她会情绪稳定地分析错误的原因，并在接下来有针对性地改进。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Butwhattrulyattractsmeisthefeelingofreadinessinthesport,asIcouldalwaysimprovemore.(但真正吸引我的是在这项运动中的准备感，因为我总是可以进步得更多。)”可知，艺术体操运动最吸引她的是她在体操运动中能够总是进步很多，让她有准备感。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“ItisthisfeelingthathasmotivatedhertosetnumerousrecordsforHungarianrhythmicgymnastics.(正是这种感觉促使她创造了匈牙利艺术体操的多项纪录。)”可推知，她是一个很有动力的人，不断前进，在匈牙利艺术体操上创造了多项纪录。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“HerroleininspiringthenextgenerationofgymnastswasrecognizedinMaywhenshewashonoredwiththeSmartScoringShootingStaraward.(她在激励下一代体操运动员方面所起的作用在5月份获得了表彰，她被授予‘聪明得分射击明星奖’。)”可知，她对下一代体操运动员有很大的激励作用，因此获得了表彰，由此可推测出，榜样的力量是无穷的。故选C。CWhetherexploringdistantuniverseordashingaboutafantasyworld,virtualrealityhasimmersedhumansinextraordinaryplaces.Now,itseems,micewillbeabletojoinus.Researchershavedevelopedapairofvirtualreality“goggles”thatcanbringthemiceintovarioussituations,fromnavigatingmazes(导航迷宫)toexperiencingthethreatofnaturalenemies.Withapairoflenses(镜片)andscreensmountedonstandseithersideofamouse’shead,therecentlyupdatedversionof“goggles”provideseacheyeofmicewitha180-degreefieldofview.Theresearchersplacedtheanimalsonatreadmill(跑步机)infrontofalargescreendisplayingadigitalscene,withtheirheadsfixedtomonitorthebrainactivities.Thisnotonlyallowsmicetoseethevirtualenvironmentin3Dandgetsridofvisualcluesofthelab,butoffersawaytopresentvirtualimagesfromabove—forexample,ofahoveringhawk.Thisstimulationcausesmicetofreezeorfleethesameastheyreactinrealenvironmenttosurviveahungrybirdattackinthewild.Whenthemicefroze,activityfromneurons(神经元)intheirbrainsinvolvedinnavigationsuggestedtheywereinadifferentlocationfromwheretheyactuallywere.“Itwasasiftheywerethinkingaboutwheretheywouldratherbe—asafe,coveredlocationupahead.”Dombecksaid,addingsuchresultsmighthelpexplainhowimaginationarisesinthebrain.Theteamarealsoworkingtoidentifyneuronsinvolvedinformingmemorieswhenmicenavigateamaze,aswellaswhichconnectionsbetweenthemareimprovedtoformmemories.Answeringthesequestionswillhelpusunderstandhowourbrainsknowwhereweareintheworldaroundus,howweformmemoriesofthoseexperiences,andultimatelyhowthosememoriesaredegradedinneurodegenerativediseases.8.Whatmightthemiceseeanddowearing“goggles”?A.Itwillalwaysseeahawkinthefields. B.Itwillenjoyanamazing3Dfictionmovie.C.Itwillnoticethesurroundingsinthelab. D.Itwilldetectvirtualdangersfromabove.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mounted”meaninparagraph3?A.Beattached. B.Bedisplayed. C.Becollected. D.Behatched.10.Whatdoresearchintendtoachieveeventuallythroughthisresearch?A.Toteachmicehowtofacethevirtualrealitybyitself.B.Tostudyhowimaginationarisessmoothlyinthebrain.C.Toremindmicehowtoescapefromapproachingdangers.D.Toexplorehowmemoriesaredegradedinneurondiseases.11Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.Micetakepleasureinthevirtualreality. B.Gogglesonmicebenefitbrainresearch.C.Gogglesplayakeyroleintheresearch. D.VRhelpsmicenavigatemazessuccessfully.【答案】8.D9.A10.D11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项给老鼠戴上护目镜，来研究大脑活动的研究，解释了研究开展的过程以及发现。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thisnotonlyallowsmicetoseethevirtualenvironmentin3Dandgetsridofvisualcluesofthelab,butoffersawaytopresentvirtualimagesfromabove—forexample,ofahoveringhawk.Thisstimulationcausesmicetofreezeorfleethesameastheyreactinrealenvironmenttosurviveahungrybirdattackinthewild.(这不仅可以让老鼠看到3D的虚拟环境，摆脱实验室的视觉线索，而且还提供了一种从上面呈现虚拟图像的方法——例如，一只盘旋的鹰。这种刺激会使老鼠呆住或逃跑，就像它们在野外遇到饥饿的鸟袭击时的反应一样)”可知，戴着“护目镜”的老鼠将从上面探测到虚拟的危险。故选D。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“onstandseithersideofamouse’shead,therecentlyupdatedversionof“goggles”provideseacheyeofmicewitha180-degreefieldofview”可知，老鼠头部两侧的支架上安装有一对透镜和屏幕，最近更新的“护目镜”为老鼠的每只眼睛提供了180度的视野。故划线词意思是“安装”，故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Answeringthesequestionswillhelpusunderstandhowourbrainsknowwhereweareintheworldaroundus,howweformmemoriesofthoseexperiences,andultimatelyhowthosememoriesaredegradedinneurodegenerativediseases.(回答这些问题将帮助我们了解大脑如何知道我们在周围世界中的位置，我们如何形成这些经历的记忆，以及最终这些记忆如何在神经退行性疾病中退化)”可知，通过这项研究，研究最终想要探索神经元疾病中记忆是如何退化的。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段““Itwasasiftheywerethinkingaboutwheretheywouldratherbe—asafe,coveredlocationupahead.”Dombecksaid,addingsuchresultsmighthelpexplainhowimaginationarisesinthebrain.(“就好像他们在考虑他们更愿意呆在哪里——一个安全的、有掩护的地方。”他补充说，这些结果可能有助于解释想象力是如何在大脑中产生的)”结合文章主要介绍了一项给老鼠戴上护目镜，来研究大脑活动的研究，解释了研究开展的过程以及发现。可知，B选项“给老鼠戴上护目镜有利于大脑研究”最符合文章标题。故选B。DEverwonderedwhyyourpartnerisupwiththelark(百灵鸟)whileyouarehappilysleepingtillnoon?ItcouldbethankstoNeanderthalgenes,accordingtoanewstudy.ScientistscomparingancientDNAwiththegeneticsofmodernhumansdiscovereda“strikingtrend”,saidJohnCapra,anepidemiologist(流行病学家)attheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFrancisco.TheresearchersfoundthattheNeanderthalgenesthatremainaffectthebodyclock—increasingtendencytobeamorningperson.Neanderthalslivedathigherlatitudes(纬度)thanourancestorswhomigratedfromAfrica一furtherawayfromtheequator,withthedayslongerinsummerandshorterinwinter.“Thegenethatmakespeopleearlyriserslikelyenablesmorerapidalignment(协调一致)ofthecircadianclock(生物钟)withchangingseasonallightpatterns,”DrCaprasaid,“whenNeanderthalswereabletomakethemostofdaylighthourstohunt.”Scientistshavepreviouslyexploredhowthecircadianrhythmsofinsects,plants,andfishhavedevelopeddependingonlatitude.Butthathasn’tbeenwellstudiedinhumans.TheresearcherswantedtoseewhethertherewasageneticreasonfordifferencesincircadianrhythmsbetweenNeanderthalsandmodernpeople,andfound16variants(变异体)associatedwithgreater“morningness”.TheysuspectedthatasNeanderthalsandtheancestorsofmodernhumansmated,peopletodaycouldhavefollowedNeanderthal“circadianvariants”.Totestthis,scientistsanalysethegeneticsofseveralhundredthousandpeoplefromtheUKBiobankandfoundmanyofthevariantsthataffectsleeppreference.“Mostnoticeably,theyfoundthatthesevariantsincreasemorningness,”theresearcherssaid.Thisisconsistentwithwhathasbeenfoundinotheranimalsthathaveadaptedtolivingatahighlatitude,asNeanderthalsdid.12.Whydoestheauthormention“yourpartnerisupwiththelark”inparagraph1?A.Tointroducethefollowingcontext.B.Tocomparetwomorninglifestyles.C.Topraisethosewhogetupearly.D.ToexpressgratitudetoNeanderthals.13.WhatistherootforNeanderthals’morningnessaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Thecapabilityofhuntinganimals. B.ThegenesfromAfricanancestors.C.Theenvironmentathigherlatitudes. D.Thedaylighthoursaroundtheirhabitats.14.Whatcanbeinferredinparagraph4?A.Morningnessinhumanisunlikethatinplants.B.Insects’circadianrhythmsareimpactedbylatitude.C.Scientistshavepreviouslystudiedthegenesofanimals.D.ThegenesofNeanderthalsistheonlyreasonformorningness.15.Howdidresearchersprovetheirsubsection?A.Byanalyzingstatisticsofthesubjects.B.Byobservingpeople’ssleepinghabits.C.Byinterviewingparticipantsintheexperiment.D.Bycomparingsleeppreferenceamonghumanandanimals.【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。根据一项新的研究，尼安德特人的基因影响着生物钟的增加，使他们成为早起的人。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Everwonderedwhyyourpartnerisupwiththelark(百灵鸟)whileyouarehappilysleepingtillnoon?ItcouldbethankstoNeanderthalgenes,accordingtoanewstudy.（你有没有想过，为什么你的伴侣起得很早，而你却在快乐地睡到中午?根据一项新的研究，这可能要归功于尼安德特人的基因。）”可知，while表示对比，后面说到你睡到中午，你的伴侣不同，所以，作者提到“你的伴侣起得很早”是为了介绍下面的研究背景。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Neanderthalslivedathigherlatitudes(纬度)thanourancestorswhomigratedfromAfrica一furtherawayfromtheequator,withthedayslongerinsummerandshorterinwinter.‘Thegenethatmakespeopleearlyriserslikelyenablesmorerapidalignment(协调一致)ofthecircadianclock(生物钟)withchangingseasonallightpatterns,’DrCaprasaid,‘whenNeanderthalswereabletomakethemostofdaylighthourstohunt.’（尼安德特人生活在比我们从非洲迁徙而来的祖先更高的纬度——远离赤道，夏季白昼更长，冬季白昼更短。卡普拉博士说:“使人们早起的基因可能使生物钟与季节光照模式的变化更迅速地保持一致，因为尼安德特人能够充分利用白天的时间打猎。）”可知，尼安德特人早晨起床的根源是高纬度地区的环境。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Scientistshavepreviouslyexploredhowthecircadianrhythmsofinsects,plants,andfishhavedevelopeddependingonlatitude.（科学家们此前已经探索了昆虫、植物和鱼类的昼夜节律是如何随着纬度的变化而发展的。）”可知，昆虫的昼夜节律受到纬度的影响。故选B。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Totestthis,scientistsanalysethegeneticsofseveralhundredthousandpeoplefromtheUKBiobankandfoundmanyofthevariantsthataffectsleeppreference.“Mostnoticeably,theyfoundthatthesevariantsincreasemorningness,”theresearcherssaid.Thisisconsistentwithwhathasbeenfoundinotheranimalsthathaveadaptedtolivingatahighlatitude,asNeanderthalsdid.（为了验证这一点，科学家们分析了英国生物银行几十万人的基因，发现了许多影响睡眠偏好的变异。研究人员说:“最值得注意的是，他们发现这些变异增加了早起的习惯。”这与其他适应高纬度生活的动物的发现是一致的，比如尼安德特人。）”可知，研究人员通过分析受试者的统计数据证明他们的分段。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lowandnomotivationcanbeasignofaseriousproblemlikedepressionoranxiety.Areyouexperiencinglong-termanxiety?Everythingyouneedtodocanleaveyoutofeelscaryandhardbecauseyouareconstantlythinkingofwhatcouldgowrong.___16___Especially,now!Thefollowingtipscanbeyoursolution.Don’t“eatthefrog.”Theideaofeatingthefrogreferstodoingthetaskyouareleastmotivatedtodofirst.Askyourself,“___17___”Forexample,ifyou’dliketogoforarunbutyoucan’tgetyourselftodothat,thengoingforawalkisbetterthanstayinginbed.Butifyou’refeelinglow,tryingtodoyourhardesttaskfirstcanleadtoyounotgettingoutofbed.___18___Plantoworkonahigh-prioritytaskfor90minutes,thentakeabreak.Wouldyouliketotakeawalkorlieoutinthesun?Wouldyouliketobrowseswimsuitsforavacationyouhavecomingup?___19___Ifyouwaittochoosewhatyouwilldoforyourbreakuntilyouarealreadyexhaustedfromaperiodoffocusedwork,youmaynotmakeaverysatisfyingchoice.Whenyouchooseinadvance,youarelikelytomakeamorerewardingchoice.FuelyourselfUnderstandhowfuelinfluencesyourpersonalconcentration,focus,andmotivation.Testoutwhatworksforyou.Forexample,tryeatingahigh-proteinyogurtandseeifthatgivesyouthelittleboostyouneed.___20___Smallimprovementscanbehardtonoticeifyouarenotpayingcloseattention.Considerstructuredself-experimentationliketryingastrategyeverydayforaweek,thennodaysforaweek,andcomparing.A.Planyourreward.B.Youarenotalone.C.Wouldyouliketomessageafriend?D.Doafewminutesofquickbutsatisfyingtasks.E.Planningandchoosingtakeenormousmentalenergy.F.Physicalboostsmayhavemeaningfulbutsmalleffects.G.What’sthemostproductivetaskthatiswithinmycapacityrightnow?【答案】16.B17.G18.A19.E20.F【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。缺乏动力可能是抑郁或焦虑等严重问题的征兆。文章介绍了几个提高动力的有效措施。【16题详解】上文“Lowandnomotivationcanbeasignofaseriousproblemlikedepressionoranxiety.(缺乏动力可能是抑郁或焦虑等严重问题的征兆。)”说明缺乏动力可能会导致抑郁和焦虑，B项“你并不孤单”符合语境，说明很多人会出现这些状况，你并不孤单，承接下文“Especially,now!Thefollowingtipscanbeyoursolution.(特别是，现在！下面的建议可以是你的解决方案。)”引出下文关于解决动力缺乏问题的建议，故选B。【17题详解】上文“Theideaofeatingthefrogreferstodoingthetaskyouareleastmotivatedtodofirst.(“吃青蛙”指的是先做你最没有动力去做的事情。)”说到先做最困难的事情，下文“Forexample,ifyou’dliketogoforarunbutyoucan’tgetyourselftodothat,thengoingforawalkisbetterthanstayinginbed.(例如，如果你想去跑步，但你做不到，那么散步比躺在床上更好。)”举例说明做不到最困难的事情的情况下怎么做，G项“目前在我的能力范围内最有成效的任务是什么?”符合语境，与下文的举例相符，且承接上文“Askyourself”说明空处是一个问题。故选G。【18题详解】空处是该部分的小标题，根据下文“Plantoworkonahigh-prioritytaskfor90minutes,thentakeabreak.Wouldyouliketotakeawalkorlieoutinthesun?Wouldyouliketobrowseswimsuitsforavacationyouhavecomingup?(计划用90分钟做一件重要的事情，然后休息一下。你想出去散步还是躺在外面晒太阳?你想不想为即将到来的假期挑选一些泳装?)”可知，本段讲述了做完重要的事情后计划给自己一下奖励，A项“计划你的奖励”为最佳标题。故选A。【19题详解】下文“Ifyouwaittochoosewhatyouwilldoforyourbreakuntilyouarealreadyexhaustedfromaperiodoffocusedwork,youmaynotmakeaverysatisfyingchoice.Whenyouchooseinadvance,youarelikelytomakeamorerewardingchoice.(如果你等到你已经从一段时间的专注工作中精疲力竭时才选择休息时间做什么，你可能不会做出一个非常令人满意的选择。当你提前选择时，你可能会做出更有价值的选择。)”说明不要等到筋疲力尽再选择对自己的奖励，提前选择会做出更有价值的选择，因此推断计划和选择需要大量的脑力。E项“计划和选择需要大量的脑力。”故选E。【20题详解】上文“Understandhowfuelinfluencesyourpersonalconcentration,focus,andmotivation.Testoutwhatworksforyou.Forexample,tryeatingahigh-proteinyogurtandseeifthatgivesyouthelittleboostyouneed.(了解刺激因素如何影响你的个人注意力、专注力和动力。测试一下什么适合你。例如，试着吃高蛋白酸奶，看看它是否能给你带来你所需要的能量。)”说明要了解那些因素对你的注意力，专注力等有影响，下文“Smallimprovementscanbehardtonoticeifyouarenotpayingcloseattention.(如果你没有密切关注，你很难注意到小的进步。)”说明要仔细关注才能注意到一些小的进步，因此推断F项“身体上的提升可能有意义，但效果很小。”符合语境，承上启下，故选F。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分55分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ANewYorkmotheranddaughterhaveearnedtheircollegedegreestogetheronthesameday,carryingouta___21___dreamforbothofthem.Withhertoddlerintow,TanishaWiggins,36,walkedacrossthestagealongsidehermother,BarbaraWiggins,58,attheircollege,OnondagaCommunityCollegeinNewYork.Theywerebothawarded___22___inhumanservices.Tanishadroppedoutofcollegein2007,___23___fromdepression.Yearslaterafterreceiving___24___healthcare,shewasonherfeetagain.In2021,Tanishaandhermotherwere___25___tocollegetogether.Itwashermother’s___26___andthedesiretosetagoodexampleforherchildrenthathelpedher___27___thefinishline.“Wearefinallyhere,”Tanishahuggedhermother,withtearsof___28___springingupintheeyes.“Yes,honey!”Barbararepliedina___29___voice,“Wemadeit!”“Mymomprovedeveryone____30____thatthoughtshewouldn’tbeabletodoit.Shereallygotthroughitatherage.Nowwithtutoringand____31____,shewenteverysingledayandneverstopped.Itdidn’t____32____whattheweatherwas,shewent.”shetoldABC(AmericanBroadcastingCompany).Barbarawasworkingasadoula(产妇陪护)beforeenrollingincollege,and____33____herGeneralEducationalDevelopment(CED).“Althoughtheexperiencewas____34____,blessed.Iconvinceeffortsalways____35____.”Barbarasummedupinhergraduationspeech.21.A.lifelong B.lovely C.everlasting D.romantic22.A.degrees B.course C.scholarship D.prize23.A.surviving B.infecting C.falling D.suffering24.A.physical B.emotional C.mental D.intellectual25.A.discovered B.admitted C.noticed D.committed26.A.attention B.power C.support D.permission27.A.push B.cut C.reach D.cross28.A.effort B.happiness C.courage D.regretfulness29.A.low B.strong C.firm D.weak30.A.uneasy B.reasonable C.right D.wrong31.A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing32.A.count B.matter C.challenge D.mean33.A.denied B.accepted C.completed D.failed34.A.stressful B.normal C.special D.popular35.A.putoff B.payoff C.getoff D.carryoff【答案】21.A22.A23.D24.C25.B26.C27.D28.B29.C30.D31.A32.B33.C34.A35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了一对纽约的母女在同一天获得了大学学位。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一对纽约母女在同一天共同获得了大学学位，实现了她们两人一生的梦想。A.lifelong终身的，毕生的；B.lovely可爱的；C.everlasting永久的，永恒的；D.romantic浪漫的。根据下文中的“TanishaWiggins,36,walkedacrossthestagealongsidehermother,BarbaraWiggins,58”可知，这对母女一个36岁，一个58岁，在这样的年纪还努力追求大学梦想，由此可见这是她们毕生的梦想。故选A。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她们都获得了人类服务学位。A.degrees学位；B.course课程；C.scholarship奖学金；D.prize奖品。根据第一段中的“ANewYorkmotheranddaughterhaveearnedtheircollegedegrees”可知，她们俩获得了学位。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Tanisha于2007年因患抑郁症而辍学。A.surviving幸存；B.infecting传染，使感染；C.falling落下；D.suffering受苦，遭受。根据空后的“fromdepression”可知，Tanisha患上了抑郁症，sufferfrom意为“患有”。故选D。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几年后，在接受精神健康护理后，她又站了起来。A.physical身体的，物理学的；B.emotional情感的；C.mental精神的，精神病治疗的；D.intellectual智力的。根据上文中的“Tanishadroppedoutofcollegein2007,___3___fromdepression.(Tanisha于2007年因患抑郁症而辍学。)”和空后的“healthcare”可知，Tanisha患有抑郁症，她后来接受了精神健康治疗。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2021年，Tanisha和她的母亲一起考上了大学。A.discovered发现；B.admitted接收，准许……加入；C.noticed注意到；D.committed做出（错事），犯（罪）。根据空后的“tocollege”和第一段中的“ANewYorkmotheranddaughterhaveearnedtheircollegedegreestogetheronthesameday”可知，这对母女一起考入了大学。故选B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是母亲的支持和为孩子们树立好榜样的愿望帮助她冲过了终点线。A.attention注意；B.power力量，权力；C.support支持；D.permission准许，许可。根据and后的“thedesiretosetagoodexampleforherchildren”和句中的“helpedher___7___thefinishline”可知，这里指的是帮助她取得成功的因素，即她母亲的支持。故选C。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A