高考英语定语从句用法及其功能

定语从句定义及其作用：定语从句是中学阶段英语语法中十分重要的一个语法工程，它在句子中出现的频率很高。对正确理解句子的意义起着举足轻重的作用。定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。先行词的作用被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。关系词有两个作用：一、引导定语从句二、代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成份。理解和牢记这两条概念，弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。修饰物体时关系代词that和which的区分使用that的情况：1、领先行词是nothing,something,anything,all,each等不定代词时。eg.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?2、领先行词被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修饰时。eg.Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.3、领先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。eg.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.4、领先行词被thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly等词修饰时。eg.ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.5、领先行词又有人又有物时。eg.Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatIsaw.只能使用which的情况。1、非限制性定语从句中。eg.Maryhasabook,whichisveryprecious.2、在介词之后。eg.Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。eg.ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelongstoMary.Consolidationexercises.Fillintheblankswithsuitablerelativepronouns.1.Thisistheonlybook____Igotlastyear.2.Isthisthebookin____youareinterested?3.Thisisthelargestanimal____Tomsawinthezoo.4.Rosestillremembersthetreesandteachers____exist(存在)inthemotherschool.5.Allthedesks____areboughtlookreallywonderful.6.Doyouhaveanymoney____isusedtobuildthefactory?7.Tomhasatoy,____wasgivenbyhisfather.8.Thisisthesecondwatch____myfatherboughtforme.thatwhichthatthatthatthatwhichthat修饰人时关系代词that和who,whom的区分。当主句中的主语是who时，只能用that。eg.Whoisthegirlthatisstandingoverthere?在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who或者whom。eg.Ihaveason,whoisreallylovelyandinteresting.Thereare40studentsintheclass,mostofwhomareboys.关系代词whose既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰先行词。eg.SheisthegirlwhoseEnglishsoundsverybeautiful.Maryhasaverygooddog,whosehairturnsoutwhiteandblack.Correctmistakesforthefollowingsentences.1.Underthebigtreeare34students,manyofthemcomefromclasstwo.2.Mymotherhasagoodbook,whichcoverlooksterrible.3.Whoaretheyounggirlswhoarehavingdinnerintherestaurant?4.Sheisoneofthegirlswhoisveryinterestedinmaths.5.Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswholikeplayingfootball.6.Whoisthegirlthatyoutalkedtoherjustnow?7.Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore.8.Thereisanoldwoman,thatisholdingastick.whomwhosethatarelikesheritwho关系代词as的用法及其与which的区别。关系代词as在定语从句中指代整件事，充当句中的主语或者宾语，它经常和thesame,such,as一起搭配使用，共同构成一个固定词组。eg.Asweallknow,heisafamousscientist.Heisadiligentboy,asisexpected.Shehasthesamebookasyouhave.关系代词as可以放在句子的开头，可以使用被动语态，而关系代词which那么不可以。请比较：Aseveryoneknows,itisnecessarytobuildahospitalinthissmalltown.Itisnecessarytobuildahospitalinthissmalltown,whichiscleartous.Ourdepartmentwillholdthemeeting,asisknownbyus.关系副词when,where,why的用法以及与关系代词的区分。关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。eg.Iwon’tforgetthetimewhenIgotmarried.Haveyoustillrememberthedayswhenwestayedtogether?Thisistheplacewherewehadagoodtime.IsthisthehousewhereMrSmithlives?Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewon’tjoinus.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tcometosweeptheclassroom?关系副词when,where和关系代词that,which的区分。同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when，有时使用that/which。这主要看两点：一是定语从句是否完整；二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。请比较以下句子：Thisistheparkthatwevisitedlastyear.Thisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty.Shewon’tforgetthedaysthatshespentontheisland.Shewon’tforgetthedayswhentheystayedtogether.That’sthedatewhenwewenttothecollege.That’sthedatethatshewon’tforgetforever.Ilikethetimewhenwelivedtogether.Ilikethetimethatwehadtogether.Exercises:Fillintheblankswithappropriaterelativepronounsandadverbs.1.Isthistheroom____

youcleanedlasttime?2.Isthistheroom____welivedbefore?3.Thisisthegarden____theystayedforanight.4.Thisisthegarden____theyvisitedlasttime.5.Tomhasforgottentheday____helefthishome.6.Tomhasforgottentheday____Itoldhimlastday.7.Shestillrememberstheyear____shefoundherfirstjob.8.Shestillrememberstheyear____shespentinJining.thatwherewherethatwhenthatwhenthat关系副词when,where,why和介词+which之间的关系。关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedatewhen(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.3.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hehaven’tcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedayswhen(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.Comprehensiveexercises.Fillintheblankswiththesuitablerelativepronounsortherelativeadverbs.1.Isthistheroom_____wespentourchildhood?2.Thisdictionaryisthesecondone_____Iboughtintheshop.3.Istillrememberthedate_____IwenttoNanjingforthefirsttime.4.Tomisthinkingaboutthegrassandthepersons____hesawintheyard.5.Thereare100oldmeninthestreet,someof____aredrinkingtea.6.Doyouknowthedays_____youspentonEnglish?7.Allthebooks____areontheshelfbelongtoMary.8.Areyousatisfiedwiththepark____youvisitedlasttime?9.____weallknow,thebuildingwillsoonbedestroyed.10.Ihavethesamebook_____shehas.办公室装修上海办公室设计装修公司2018ds办公室装修上海办公室设计装修公司wqf27xtz再舞一曲你意乱情迷。空余忆，良辰美景多可惜～倾杯醉，化蝶儿飞，飞去寻百年来相思。泪珠碎，只盼入睡，睡梦中此情可追回……”唱着唱着，慕容凌娢自己也沉浸在了美妙的乐声中，手指灵活而有节奏的按弦拨弦。一切都变得那么自然。“念往昔，我急旋慢转你抚琴低吟。到如今，重唱此曲却已无你。莫叹息，我再舞一曲你意乱情迷。空余忆，良辰美景多可惜。韶华逝，今朝无知在哪里。光阴错，明日心往何处依。仲春期，轮回百转只为你，三月雨，千丝万缕长相依……”一曲唱罢，慕容凌娢走下台。大厅里先是一片寂静，然后就响起了的掌声和和彩声。慕容凌娢那么是小跑着回到帷幕后的，随意的把琵琶放在了琵琶架上，甚至有些粗暴。“茉莉，我成功了！”慕容凌娢冲动的张开双臂想要拥抱茉莉。“要是琵琶被弄坏了，你这几个月的工资就别想要了。”茉莉灵活的躲开了慕容凌娢的怀抱。“人家冲动一下不行吗。”慕容凌娢瞬间为难了，