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重庆市高三英语考试注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的:涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】Whattimeisitnow?A.About5:20pm. B.About5:40pm. C.About6:00pm.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:I’mintrouble.Ihavetogettheseletterstothepostofficebeforeitclosesat6pm,andit’salmost6pmalready.W:Takeiteasy.Thisclockistwentyminutesfast.2.【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Thelanguagetolearn. B.Thefilmtowatch. C.Thecoursetoattend.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Sam,whichoptionalcoursewillyoutakethissemester?M:Filmstudies,Iguess.ButI’llconsiderFrenchasanalternative.3.【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】Whatwillthemandotonight?A.Stayathome. B.Gotoaclub. C.Attendameeting.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Wouldyouliketogototheclubtonight?M:I’dratherstayathomeandwatchTV.Ihavetogetupearlytoattendameetingtomorrow.4.【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】Wherearethespeakers?A.Inabank. B.Inarestaurant. C.Inastore.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Thesetwotieslookverynice.Howmucharethey?W:Itwasoriginally60poundsforeach,butifyoubuytwo,youwillgetanotheronefree.M:OK.Iwilltakethree.5.【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】Whydidthemanleavehispreviousjob?A.Tostudyfurther. B.Tobeefamous. C.Tofindanewjob.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Weletoourpany.We’dlikeyoutotellusaboutyourworkexperience.M:Iworkedatafamouspanyfortwoyears.W:Canyoutelluswhyyouleft?M:IleftbecauseIwentbacktostudyandgetmymaster’sdegree.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】6.Whatdoesthewomanprobablydo?A.Adoctor. B.Anassistant. C.Aprofessor.7.Whenwillthemangotoseethedoctor?A.OnWednesday. B.OnThursday. C.OnFriday.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning.ThisisDoctorWhite’soffice.MayIhelpyou?M:I’dliketomakeanappointmenttoseethedoctorthisweek.W:Well,I’mafraidheisfullybookedonMondayandTuesday.HowaboutWednesday?M:IhaveclassesattheuniversityonWednesday.WillThursdaybeOK?W:SorryI’mafraidheisfullybookedonThursdaytoo.M:Friday?W:Yes!HewillbefreeonFridaythisweek.HowaboutFridaymorning?M:Iprefersometimeintheafternoonifit’spossible.Thankyou!听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】8.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Apicture. B.Adesigner. C.Abuilding.9.Whichsubjectdoesthewomanlikebest?A.Math. B.Music. C.History.【答案】8.A9.C【解析】【原文】W:Youknow,I’veneverseenthepicturesyoutookofNewYork.M:Didn’tIshowthemtoyouafterIgotback?Well,Ihavethemwithme.Lookatthisone.W:Fantastic.Wherewasthistaken?M:FromthetopoftheWorldTradeCenter.DoyouknowtheStatueofLibertywasdesignedbyaFrenchman?W:Uhhuh.Bartholdi.ItwasgiventotheUnitedStatesbyFranceonthe100thbirthdayoftheUSindependence.M:Youknowalotabouthistory.W:Historyismyfavoritesubject!M:Oh,Ithoughtyoulikemathbest!Well,let’slookatanotherone.听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】10.HowdidAndyfeelwhenhefirstarrivedattheclassroom?A.Excitedandpleased.B.Anxiousandafraid.C.Embarrassedandannoyed.11.WhatcanweknowaboutMrPerry?A.Heisstrict. B.Heisenergetic. C.Heisfunny.12.Whydidthebellringat12:00?A.Totellstudentsclassisover.B.Totellstudentshavelunch.C.Toremindstudentstoattendclass.【答案】10.B11.A12.B【解析】【原文】W:Howwasyourfirstdayinthenewschool,Andy?M:Todayisn’tbad,thoughIarrivedattheclassroomwithanxietyandfear.W:That’sgreat.Whataboutyourteacher?M:Oh,doyoumeanMrPerry?Hesaidtomewithasoftvoice,whichfortedme.W:Whatisthedifferencebetweenthenewschoolandtheoldone?M:MrPerrygaveeachofusapieceofpaperwhichwasabout“courserequirements”.Ihadnevergotthisbefore.Thenheaskedustochoosetheseatweliked.W:Yousaidit.MrPerryisalwayskindandstrict.M:Ithinkthat’sthereasonwhymyparentsaskedmetotravelalongdistancetobeastudentofMrPerry.W:Itwouldbegoodforyourfuture.Andanyfunnystoriestoday?M:Yes.Iwentbacktotheclassroomwhenthebellrangat12:00.Butmyteachertoldmeitwasthelunchbell.Ifeltembarrassed,youknow.听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】13.WhatdoesthemanthinkofLucy’stakingflyinglessons?A.Impractical. B.Surprising. C.Interesting.14.WhatdoesLucyworkas?A.Anurse. B.Apilot. C.Adoctor.15.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Teachinacollege.B.Startherownrestaurant.C.TeachanItaliancookingclass.16.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Brotherandsister. B.Husbandandwife. C.Teacherandstudent【答案】13.B14.A15.C16.B【解析】【原文】M:Gina,Gina...Gina?Whatareyoudoing?W:Oh,IwasjustthinkingaboutourconversationwithLucytheothernight.IhopeLucycanfindsomeplacetotakeflyinglessons.M:IamsurprisedIhavenoideathatLucyisinterestedinlearninghowtofly.W:Anddoyouknowshewantstoleaveherjobandgobacktoschool?Shesaysshedoesn’thaveenoughresponsibilityasanurse.Shewantstobeadoctor.Ihopeherdreamestrue.M:Metoo.Bytheway,areyoustillthinkingaboutopeninganItalianrestaurant?W:IwishIcould.ButIcan’tdothatunlessIhavealotofmoney.M:Iknow.SometimesIwishwe’dwinalotofmoney.Butweneedtobemorerealistic.Whydon’tyouconsiderteachinganItaliancookingclass?You’reagreatcookandyoucoulddoitathome.W:Frank,that’snotabadidea.Icouldgetmoreexperienceandbuildareputation.Andthen,eventually,Imightbeabletoteachaneveningclassatoneofthemunitycolleges.M:See?Aren’tyougladyoumarriedme?Ihavegoodideassometimes.听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】17.Wheredoesthespeakerefrom?A.America. B.Australia. C.England.18.WhatdoEnglishpeoplethinkofAmericans?A.Friendly. B.Quiet. C.Humorous.19.WhatdidthespeakerliketodointheafternooninEngland?A.Playwithhisfriends. B.Watchedyshows. C.Haveacupoftea20.WhatdidthespeakerfindamazinginEngland?A.TheTVprograms. B.Theoldbuildings. C.Theteashops.【答案】17.A18.A19.C20.B【解析】【原文】M:ThemostunforgettableexperienceI’veeverhad?Well,thatwasthreeyearsagowhenIwasincollege,IspentatermstudyinginLondon.Eventhoughwespeakthesamelanguage,EnglishpeopleandAmericansareverydifferent.TheythinkthatweAmericansarefriendlyandthatwehaveastrongdesiretobesuccessfulandrich.AndIthinktheBritisharequietandgentle.Ilovethelifestylethere.Goingoutforafternoonteawasfun,andIalwaysdidthatwithmyfriends.AndIreallylovetheoldbuildings.Wedon’thaveanythingthatoldintheUnitedStates,soitisprettyamazing!Bytheway,IalsowenttoAustraliaonce.Thebuildingstherearen’tsoattractiveeither.TheBritishalsohaveadifferentsenseofhumor.TheiredyshowsonTVarereallyfunny.I’dliketosaymyexperiencewasapositiveone.Infact,I’msavingupmoneysoIcangobackthereagain.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AOfthetop10mostexpensiverailconstructionprojectsstartingin2022,fivearelocatedinAsia.Hereare4expensiverailwaysinChina.NantongNingboHighSpeedRailway:CNY108.9bnTheprojectaimstoreducethetraveltimebetweenthecitiesofNantongandNingbo.Itinvolvestheconstructionofa309.8kmrailwaylinewithadesignspeedof350km/hwith10railwaystations.Constructionisexpectedtobepletedbytheendof2027.Xiong’anXinzhouHighSpeedRailway:CNY57.2bnTheprojectaimstobuildahighspeedrailwaytoprovidesmoothandfastertraffic,cuttingtraveltimebetweenthetwocities.Itinvolvestheconstructionofa342kmhighspeedrailwaylinewithadesignspeedof350km/hwith13stations.Theprojectwillbedevelopedintwosections.ConstructionworkisexpectedtobepletedbyMarch2027,afterbreakinggroundinOctober2022.ShanghaiNanjingHefeiHighSpeedRailway:CNY157.9bnItisahighspeedraillinefromShanghaitoNanjingandHefeiinChina.Theprojectaimstoexpandtherailwaynetworkandreducetraffic,traveltimeanddistanceintheregion.Theprojectinvolvestheconstructionofa553.76kmhighspeedraillinewithadesignspeedof350km/hwith16stations.Itisscheduledtobepletedinthefourthquarterof2028.BeijingXiong’anShangqiuHighSpeedRailway:CNY101bnItisahighspeedrailwaylinefromFengtaiinBeijingtoXiong’aninHebeitoShangqiuinHenan.Theproject’saimistoreducetraveltimeanddistancebetweenFengtaiinBeijing,Xiong’aninHebei,andShangqiuinHenan.Theprojectinvolvestheconstructionofa638kmhighspeedrailwaylinewithadesignspeedof350km/hwith16stations.Constructionisexpectedtobepletedbytheendof2027.21.Whichistheshortestrailwaytobeconstructedofthefour?A.NantongNingboHighSpeedRailway.B.Xiong’anXinzhouHighSpeedRailway.C.ShanghaiNanjingHefeiHighSpeedRailway.D.BeijingXiong’anShangqiuHighSpeedRailway.22.WhatisspecialaboutXiong’anXinzhouHighSpeedRailway?A.Ithasthehighestdesignspeed.B.Itdemandstheleastinvestment.C.Itaimstoreducethetraveltime.D.ItgoespastChongqingandShangqiu.23.Whatdothelasttworailwayshaveinmon?A.Theybothhave16stations.B.Theybothconstructintwosections.C.Theybothincludeundergroundlines.D.Theyareexpectedtobepletedby2027.【答案】21.A22.B23.A【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了2022年中国启动的四条高铁路线。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据NantongNingboHighSpeedRailway:CNY108.9bn部分中的“Itinvolvestheconstructionofa309.8kmrailwayline(它涉及一条309.8公里长的铁路线的建设)”,Xiong’anXinzhouHighSpeedRailway:CNY57.2bn部分中的“Itinvolvestheconstructionofa342kmhighspeedrailwayline(它涉及一条342公里长的高速铁路线的建设)”,ShanghaiNanjingHefeiHighSpeedRailway:CNY157.9bn部分中的“Theprojectinvolvestheconstructionofa553.76kmhighspeedrailline(该项目包括建设一条553.76公里的高速铁路线)”和BeijingXiong’anShangqiuHighSpeedRailway:CNY101bn部分中的“Theprojectinvolvestheconstructionofa638kmhighspeedrailwayline(该项目包括建设一条638公里的高速铁路线)”可知,NantongNingboHighSpeedRailway.(南通宁波的高铁)是四条铁路中最短的,故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据“NantongNingboHighSpeedRailway:CNY108.9bn(南通—宁波高铁:1089亿元)”,“Xiong’anXinzhouHighSpeedRailway:CNY57.2bn(雄安—忻州高铁:572亿元)”,“ShanghaiNanjingHefeiHighSpeedRailway:CNY157.9bn(上海—合肥合高铁:1579亿元)”和“BeijingXiong’anShangqiuHighSpeedRailway:CNY101bn(北京—雄安—商丘高铁:1010亿元)”可知,雄安—忻州高铁的特别之处在于它是投资最少的,故选B。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据ShanghaiNanjingHefeiHighSpeedRailway:CNY157.9bn部分中的“with16stations(有16个站)”和BeijingXiong’anShangqiuHighSpeedRailway:CNY101bn部分中的“with16stations(有16个站)”可知,这两条高铁的共同之处在于它们都有16站,故选A。BDuringWorldWarII,DuchessNinaDouglasHamiltonplayedavitalroleinlookingafteranimals.Asthewarbrokeout,thegovernmentissuedordersforthemasskillinglivestock(家畜)topreventthemfrombeingcapturedordestroyedbytheenemy.DuchessNinalaunchedacampaigntosaveasmanyanimalsaspossible,andsoonbecameknownasthe“animalheroine”forherefforts.DuchessNinaworkedwithlocalfarmersandanimalownerstorelocateanimalstosaferareas,suchastheScottishHighlands.Shealsoestablishedanetworkofvolunteerswhohelpedtocareforanimalsduringthewar.Sheorganizedfeedingprograms,medicalcareandtransportation,ensuringthatanimalswerewelllookedafterevenduringthemostdifficulttimes.Themostchallengingaspectofherworkwastheshortageoffoodduringthewar.Sosheestablishedavegetablegardenandusedleftoverstocreatenutritiousmealsforanimals.Shealsoreachedouttothepublicfordonationsoffoodandsupplies,andwasabletosecureenoughresourcestokeepanimalshealthyandfed.Inadditiontoherworkwithdomesticanimals,DuchessNinawạsalsoastrongadvocateforwildlifeconservation.SheestablishedacenterforwildanimalsScotland,wheresheprovidedasafeplacefordeer,foxesandotheranimalsthatwerethreatenedbythewar.Shealsoworkedwithlocalprotectiongroupstoprotectnaturalhabitats.DuchessNina’sworkduringWorldWarIIwasnotwithoutitsrisks.Shefrequentlyriskedherlifetosaveanimals,oftendrivingthroughperilousareas.Sadly,somepeoplesawhereffortsasadistractionfromthewareffort.However,shecontinuedtoworktirelesslyforanimals.Afterthewar,DuchessNina’sworkwasrecognizedbythegovernmentandshegotanimportantawardforherservicestoanimals.24.HowdidDuchessNinaprobablyfeelwhensheheardthegovernment’sorders?A.Calm. B.Worried. C.Excited. D.Encouraged.25.WhatwasthebiggestproblemthatDuchessNinafaced?A.Nobodygaveheranydonations.B.Shecouldn’tfindenoughvolunteers.C.Theanimalsdidn’thaveenoughfoodtoeat.D.Localfarmersdidn’tgiveherenoughsupport.26.WhydidDuchessNinastartthecenterinScotland?A.Tokeepdomesticanimalsthere.B.Toattractlocalprotectiongroups.C.Toprovideahomeforwildanimals.DToofferasafeplacetoanimalowners.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perilous”inparagraph5mean?A.Dangerous. B.Urban. C.Faraway. D.Poor.【答案】24.B25.C26.C27.A【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了在二战期间,妮娜·道格拉斯·汉密尔顿公爵夫人救助了很多动物,发挥了重大作用,被誉为“动物女英雄”。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“DuchessNinalaunchedacampaigntosaveasmanyanimalsaspossible,andsoonbecameknownasthe“animalheroine”forherefforts.”(尼娜公爵夫人发起了一场拯救尽可能多动物的运动,并很快因其努力而被称为“动物女英雄”)可知,DuchessNina发起了一项运动来尽可能多地救助动物,由此可推知,政府的命令令她担忧。故选B项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“Themostchallengingaspectofherworkwastheshortageoffoodduringthewar.”(她工作中最具挑战性的方面是战争期间的粮食短缺。)可知,她当时面临的最大的问题就是没有足够的食物来喂养那些动物。故选C项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“SheestablishedacenterforwildanimalsScotland,wheresheprovidedasafeplacefordeer,foxesandotheranimalsthatwerethreatenedbythewar.”(她在苏格兰建立了一个野生动物中心,为鹿、狐狸和其他受到战争威胁的动物提供了一个安全的地方。)可知,她建立这个中心是为了救助野生动物。故选C项。【27题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“DuchessNina’sworkduringWorldWarIIwasnotwithoutitsrisks.”(DuchessNina在二战期间的工作并非没有风险。)可知,她经常冒着生命危险去救动物,经常开车穿过危险地带。画线词意为“危险的”。故选A项。CI’veneverhadagreatsenseofdirection.AndIoftenwanderintoshopsand,uponingbackout,can’trememberwhichwayI’veefrom—leftorright?Manypeoplearelikeme,andwhydosomeconstantlyhavenoideawheretheyare?Thehippocampus(海马体)isaregionofthebrainassociatedwithmemoryandinvolvedinsenseofdirection.Andanearbyregionhasalsobeenassociatedwithsenseofdirection.Therearefourknowntypesofnavigationrelatedneurons(神经元),foundintheseregionsplacecells,gridcells,bordercellsandheaddirectioncells.Inshort,youcanthinkofplacecellsasaninternalcognitive(认知的)map;theyidentifywhereyouare.GridcellsarelikeaGPSsysteminourbrain;theytellusabouttherelationshipofthisplacetootherplaceswe’vebeento.Bordercellsrespondtothepresenceofenvironmentalboundariesataspecificdirectionanddistancefromus.Lastly,headdirectioncellsareactivatedwhenourheadfacesaspecificdirection.Thesecellswillfireelectricalimpulseswhenweenterfamiliarlocations,witheachgroupofcellsrelatingtoaspecificplace.OurrelianceonGPSandsmartphonesmayhavedecreasedtheabilitytouseourinternalmaps.OlderadultswhoregularlyusedGPShadlessactivityintheirhippocampus,paredwiththosewhodidnotuseGPS.Theyalsoperformedslightlyworseinacognitiontest.Incontrast,astudyinvolvingLondontaxidriversfoundtheysignificantlylargerhippocampusthanordinarypeople.Youcanimproveyourwayfindingabilityspecificallybypracticingtheskill,accordingtoAziz,PhDofneurologyatTempleUniversitySchoolofMedicine.“Themoreyougetoutandgotoplaces,thebetter,”hesays.Physicalexerciseimprovesthebloodflowtothebrain,whilementalexercise,suchasdoingpuzzlesorlearninganewlanguage,stimulatesthedevelopmentofnewnervecellsandconnectionsinyourbrain.28.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?A.Byraisingaquestion.B.Bymakingaparison.C.Bystatingpersonalopinions.D.Byreferringtoscientificresearch.29.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefourtypesofnavigationrelatedneurons?A.Theydependcloselyoneachother.B.Theyareresponsiblefordifferentjobs.C.Theywilldecreaseinnumbersasoneages.D.Theywillfailtofunctioninunfamiliarsituations.30.WhatwillhappenitwerelytoomuchonGPS?A.Wewilleasilybemisled.B.Ourhippocampuswillgetenlarged.C.Ourcognitiveabilitywillbeaffected.D.Wewillhaveourhippocampusrelaxed.31.Whatareweadvisedtodoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Buildupourbody. B.Taketrainingcourses.C.Trydifferentbrainexercises. D.Getouttoconnectwithpeople.【答案】28.A29.B30.C31.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文,文章阐释了有些人是“路痴”的原因,以及如何获得方向感。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Manypeoplearelikeme,andwhydosomeconstantlyhavenoideawheretheyare?(很多人都像我一样,为什么有些人总是不知道自己在哪里?)”并结合下文介绍人们是怎样认路,以及为什么有人是路痴可知,作者是通过提出问题方式来引出本文主题的。故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Inshort,youcanthinkofplacecellsasaninternal.cognitive(认知的)map;theyidentifywhereyouare.GridcellsarelikeaGPSsysteminourbrain;theytellusabouttherelationshipofthisplacetootherplaceswe’vebeento.Bordercellsrespondtothepresenceofenvironmentalboundariesataspecificdirectionanddistancefromus.Lastly,headdirectioncellsareactivatedwhenourheadfacesaspecificdirection.Thesecellswillfireelectricalimpulseswhenweenterfamiliarlocations,witheachgroupofcellsrelatingtoaspecificplace.(简而言之,你可以把位置细胞想象成一个内部认知地图;它们能识别你的位置。网格细胞就像我们大脑中的GPS系统;它们告诉我们这个地方与我们去过的其他地方的关系。边界细胞对特定方向和距离的环境边界做出反应。最后,当我们的头朝向一个特定的方向时,头部方向细胞被激活。当我们进入熟悉的地方时,这些细胞会发出电脉冲,每一组细胞都与一个特定的地方有关)”可知,这四种细胞各司其职,在帮助我们辨别方向和位置时起着不同的作用,故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“OlderadultswhoregularlyusedGPShadlessactivityintheirhippocampus,paredwiththosewhodidnotuseGPS.Theyalsoperformedslightlyworseinacognitiontest.(与不使用GPS的老年人相比,经常使用GPS的老年人的海马体活动较少。他们在认知测试中的表现也略差)”可知,过度依赖GPS导航会影响我们的认知能力,故选C。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Physicalexerciseimprovesthebloodflowtothebrain,whilementalexercise,suchasdoingpuzzlesorlearninganewlanguage,stimulatesthedevelopmentofnewnervecellsandconnectionsinyourbrain.(体育锻炼可以促进大脑的血液流动,而智力锻炼,比如做拼图或学习一门新语言,可以刺激大脑中新神经细胞和连接的发育)”可知,作者建议我们尝试不同的脑力训练活动,故选C。DDogsmayhaveearnedthetitleofourbestfriendsthroughtheirinteractionswithhumans,butnowresearcherssaythesesocialskillscould,bepresentshortlyafterbirthratherthanbeinglearned.Tobetterunderstandtheroleofbiologyindogs’abilitiestomunicatewithhumans,theresearchersstudied375eightweekoldservicedogs.Theylookedathowthesedogsperformedinaseriesoftasks.designedtomeasuretheirmunicationskills.Thepuppieswerestilllivingwiththeirlittermates(同窝出生者)andhadnotbeensenttolivewithavolunteerpuppyraiser,makingitunlikelythattheyhadlearnedabouthisorherbehavior.Inthefirsttask,apersonhidatreat.beneathoneoftwooverturnedcupsandpointedtoittoseeifthepuppycouldfollowthegesture.Sincedogsaregoodatusingnosestofindthingsatreatwasalsotapedtotheinsidesof,bothcups.Inthesecondtask,puppieswatchedastheresearchersplacedayellow,blocknextto/thecorrectcup,insteadofpointingtoindicatewherethepuppyshouldlookforthefood.Thethirdtaskwasdesignedtoobservepuppies’tendencytolookathumanfaces.Theresearchersspoketothepuppyinavoicepeoplesometimesusewhentalkingtoababy.Theythen.measuredhowlongthepuppyfixedastareonthehuman.In,thelasttask,researcherssealeda.treatinsideaclosedcontainerandpresentedittothepuppy.Theythenmeasuredhowoftenthepuppylookedtothehumanforhelpinopeningthecontainer.Thestudyfoundthatwhilemanyofthepuppieswereresponsivetohumans’physicalandverbalcues,veryfewlookedtohumansforhelpwiththeunsolvabletask.Researcherssaid,“Thissuggeststhatwhilepuppiesmaybebornknowinghowtorespondtohumaninitiatedmunication,theabilitytoinitiatemunicationontheirownmayelater.”Thenextstepwillbetoseeifspecificgenesthatmaycontributetodogs’abilitiestomunicatewithhumanscanbeidentified.32.Whywereeightweekoldservicedogschosenforthestudy?A.Theywerethebestagetolearn.B.Theywerecuteandsafetodealwith.C.Theywereunlikelyinfluencedbytheirmates.D.Theyhadhadlittlecontactwithhumansbefore.33.Whatistheresearchers’purposeintapingfoodtobothcups?A.Toprovidecluesforthepuppies’finaldecisions.B.Tomakeparisonsbetweendifferentconditions.C.Topreventthepuppiesfrommakinguseoftheirsmell.D.Tocheckthepuppies’preferenceforaparticularcolor.34.Whatcanweknowfromthestudy?A.Puppiescanunderstandourbodylanguage.B.Puppiesaregoodataskinghumansforhelp.C.Puppiesareborntoarousemunicationwithhumans.D.Puppiesneedspecificgenestomunicatewithhumans.35.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Dogs——talentedperformers B.Dogs—humans’bestfriendsC.Dogs—borntobeabletolearn D.Dogs—borntounderstandhumans【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。研究人员表示,这些社交技能可能在出生后不久就会出现,而不是后天习得的。文章主要介绍了关于狗天生就能理解人类的研究过程以及研究发现小狗可能一出生就知道如何回应人类发起的交流,但他们自己发起交流的能力可能要晚一些。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Thepuppieswerestilllivingwiththeirlittermates(同窝出生者)andhadnotbeensenttolivewithavolunteerpuppyraiser,makingitunlikelythattheyhadlearnedabouthisorherbehavior.(这些小狗仍然和它们的窝友生活在一起,没有被送到志愿者养狗人那里,所以它们不太可能了解他或她的行为)”可知,选择8个星期大的小狗是因为它们还未与人类有过接触及互动,符合实验的设计要求。故选D。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Sincedogsaregoodatusingnosestofindthingsatreatwasalsotapedtotheinsidesof,bothcups.(因为狗狗擅长用鼻子找东西,所以两个杯子的里面都粘上了零食)”可知,这样做是为了避免小狗使用自己的嗅觉做出判断。故选C。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Thestudyfoundthatwhilemanyofthepuppieswereresponsivetohumans’physicalandverbalcues,veryfewlookedtohumansforhelpwiththeunsolvabletask.(研究发现,虽然许多小狗对人类的身体和语言暗示有反应,但很少有小狗在无法解决的任务上寻求人类的帮助)”可知,小狗对人类的肢体和语言暗示有反应,即能理解人类的一些肢体语言。故选A。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Dogsmayhaveearnedthetitleofourbestfriendsthroughtheirinteractionswithhumans,butnowresearcherssaythesesocialskillscould,bepresentshortlyafterbirthratherthanbeinglearned.(通过与人类的互动,狗狗可能赢得了我们最好的朋友的称号,但现在研究人员表示,这些社交技能可能在出生后不久就会出现,而不是后天习得的)”结合文章主要介绍了关于狗天生就能理解人类的研究过程以及研究发现小狗可能一出生就知道如何回应人类发起的交流,但他们自己发起交流的能力可能要晚一些。D选项“生来就能理解人类的狗”最符合文章标题。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Productivitycanbeastruggleformanyofus.Overflowingemailinboxes,housework,socialobligations,itcanbeeasytofeelataloss.____36____.Writethemdown,dothetasksandcrossthemoffsimple!____37____Firstly,theyhelptodrownoutthechaosandanxietythatewithhavingneverendingtasks.Bywritingeverythingdown,wedon’thavetorelyonourmemory.____38____.Secondly,listsprovidestructureandguidance,givingusaplantofollow.Andfinally,listsserveasproofofwhatwehaveachieved,whichcanhelpboostoursenseofacplishmentandmotivation.Anotherpossiblereasonourbrainslovelistsissomethingcalledthe“Zeigarnikeffect”.Thisisthenamepsychologistsuseforwhenwerememberthingsweneedtodobetterthanthingswehavealreadypleted.____39____.Theexperimentbeganwithawarmuptask,thoughitwasstoppedhalfwaythrough,andonlysomepeoplewereallowedtomakeplanstofinishit.Theresearchersfoundthatthegrouppermittedtoplanhadreducedanxietyandperformedbetterinthesecondtask.Theproblemwasthattheothersstillhadthewarmuptaskstuckintheiractivememoryanuntickedlistoftasks.____40____Allinall,itseemsthatlistsareavaluabletoolforstayingontopoflife!A.AndwecaninsteadfocusonthetaskathandB.KeepthelistnearthephoneforeasyreferenceC.TherearethreekeyreasonswhylistsarebeneficialD.WedonotfullyunderstandhowthebrainisorganizedE.So,onceweticksomethingoffourlist,ourbrainsforgetitandwecanrelaxF.However,onesimpletoolthathelpsusstayontopofeverythingisthetodolistG.Researcherstestedtheinterferenceofthe“Zeigarnikeffect“onagroupofpeople【答案】36.F37.C38.A39.G40.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了待办事项清单可以提高效率,分析了背后的原因。【36题详解】根据后文“Writethemdown,dothetasksandcrossthemoffsimple!(把它们写下来,完成任务,然后划掉——简单!)”可知,本句给出的建议是制定待办事项清单,故F选项“然而,有一个简单的工具可以帮助我们掌握一切,那就是待办事项清单”符合题意,且与上文“Overflowingemailinboxes,housework,socialobligations,itcanbeeasytofeelataloss.(邮箱爆满,家务,社会责任,很容易让人不知所措)”构成明显的转折关系。故选F。【37题详解】根据后文“Firstly,theyhelptodrownoutthechaosandanxietythatewithhavingneverendingtasks.Bywritingeverythingdown,wedon’thavetorelyonourmemory.(首先,它们有助于淹没无休止的任务带来的混乱和焦虑。通过把所有的东西都写下来,我们就不必依赖我们的记忆了)”以及Secondly和finally可知,本段的主旨是清单是好处的三个原因。故C选项“为什么清单是有益的有三个关键原因”符合语境,故选C。【38题详解】根据上文“Bywritingeverythingdown,wedon’thavetorelyonourmemory.(通过把所有的东西都写下来,我们就不必依赖我们的记忆了)”可知,上文提到了通过把所有的东西都写下来,我们就不必依赖我们的记忆,由此可知,我们可以把注意力集中在手头的任务上。故A选项“我们可以把注意力集中在手头的任务上”符合语境,故选A。【39题详解】根据上文“Anotherpossiblereasonourbrainslovelistsissomethingcalledthe“Zeigarnikeffect”.Thisisthenamepsychologistsuseforwhenwerememberthingsweneedtodobetterthanthingswehavealreadypleted.(我们的大脑喜欢清单的另一个可能原因是所谓的“蔡加尼克效应”。心理学家用这个词来形容我们记住的事情要比我们已经完成的事情做得更好)”以及后文“Theexperimentbeganwithawarmuptask,thoughitwasstoppedhalfwaythrough,andonlysomepeoplewereallowedtomakeplanstofinishit.(实验从一个热身任务开始,但中途停止了,只有一些人被允许制定完成任务的计划)”可知,本句是在说明研究人员在一些人身上测试上文提到的“蔡加尼克效应”。故G选项“研究人员测试了“蔡加尼克效应”对一组人的干扰”符合语境,故选G。【40题详解】根据上文“Theexperimentbeganwithawarmuptask,thoughitwasstoppedhalfwaythrough,andonlysomepeoplewereallowedtomakeplanstofinishit.
Theresearchersfoundthatthegrouppermittedtoplanhadreducedanxietyandperformedbetterinthesecondtask. Theproblemwasthattheothersstillhadthewarmuptaskstuckintheiractivememoryanuntickedlistoftasks.
(实验从一个热身任务开始,但中途停止了,只有一些人被允许制定完成任务的计划。研究人员发现,被允许做计划的那组人焦虑减少,在第二项任务中表现更好。问题是其他人的活动记忆中仍然有热身任务——一个未打勾的任务列表)”可知,完成清单中的任务可以让大脑放松。故E选项“所以,一旦我们在清单上划掉某件事,我们的大脑就会忘记它,我们就可以放松了”符合语境,故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Whe
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