物流专业英语（庄佩君第5版）课后练习答案汇总 Ch1-CH6 Logistics Management-Physical Distribution

Ch1第1章LogisticsManagement第1课IPhrasestranslation客户订单customerorder最终用户end-customer供应链管理supplychainmanagement货物流materialflow分销系统distributionsystem半成品partsandsubassemblies“准时生产”just-in-timeproduction库存inventory需求信息demandinformation准时配送deliverJIT快速响应respondintime延迟决策postponingdecisions整合过程integratedprocess中间产品middle-rangeproducts重组物流re-engineeredlogistics交货日期deliverydateIIFillintheblankandputthesentenceintoChinese1、Managingmaterialflow,informationflow管理货物流和信息流是完成物流管理任务的一个关键部分2、source,end-customer物流管理的目的是使货物从源头流向最终顾客3、increase从历史上看，当库存形成时，会试图通过增加或减少销售来管理成品库存4、end-customer’sdemand最终顾客的需求信号致使供应链做出响应5、build,lead“准时构建”这个术语被用来描述在一个被定义的提前期内快速的构建大型产品的新的概念。6、dependability,inventory这种对整个供应链的整合将有助于实现市场需求的最大可靠性和最小库存III．Answerthefollowingquestions略IV.ListentotheconversationandanswerthequestionorcompletethesentencesTapescriptHEDRICKSMITH:Astheworld'slargestcompany,Wal-Marthastremendouspowerandinfluence.Itisnowthemodelnotjustforretailingbutforcompaniesallacrossthecorporatelandscape.Prof.NELSONLICHTENSTEIN,U.C.SantaBarbara:Inthe19thcentury,itwasthePennsylvaniaRailroad,whichcalleditselfthestandardoftheworld.Early20thcentury,itmighthavebeenU.S.Steel.GeneralMotors,ofcourse,inthemid-20thcentury.Butclearly,Wal-Marttodayissettingasortofa–anewstandardthatotherfirmshavetofollowiftheyhopetocompete.Andmorethanjustotherfirms,it'ssettingstandardsforthenationasawhole.HEDRICKSMITH:Byfiguringouthowtoexploittwopowerfulforcesthatconvergedinthe'90s,theriseofinformationtechnologyandtheexplosionoftheglobaleconomy,Wal-Marthaschangedthebalanceofpowerintheworldofbusiness.Prof.GARYGEREFFI,DukeUniversity:Itusedtobethatmanufacturers–bigmulti-nationalmanufacturers–hadthemostpower,companieslikeGeneralMotorsandGeneralElectric.Today,Ithinkthatglobalretailersactuallyhavebecomethemostpowerfulcompaniesintheglobaleconomy.HEDRICKSMITH:TounderstandWal-Martandhowacompanywithsuchhumblerootshasmanagedtobuildaglobalempire,IheadedforBentonville,Arkansas.It'sanovergrowncrossroadstowntuckedintotheBibleandbarbecuebeltofnorthwestArkansas.Here,intheheartoftheoldtown,sitsthefive-and-dimestorethatSamWaltonopenedin1950.AfewblocksawayIfoundtheWal-Martoftoday,theWal-Martwe'vecometoknowasconsumers,acornucopiaofthousandsofdifferentitemsallunderoneroof,theepitomeofone-stopshopping.Everyweek,Wal-Martsays,100millionAmericanshoppersstreamintoits3,400storesSHOPPER:It'sveryconvenientformetobeabletogetaone-stopshop.SHOPPER:IknowIdon'thavetolookandseewhereIcansavethemostmoney.IknowwhenIcomeinhere,Icansavemoney.SHOPPER:Goodprices,goodqualityofstuff.SHOPPER:I'msortofthinkingofhavingmySocialSecuritycheckdepositeddirectlytowal-MartsinceIbuyeverythingatWal-Mart.BOBMcADAM,VP,Wal-MartGov'tRelations:WhatmakesWal-Martsuccessful,whatkeepsusmotivatedandwhatreallychallengesuseveryday,whetheritwasfromthedayonewhenWal-Martbeganortilltoday,Ithinkit'sthesame,thatwereallystriveineverythingwedotokeepourcostsaslowaspossible,sothatwecanprovidethecustomeravalueandstillmakeareasonableprofitforourcompany.HEDRICKSMITH:ThatwasSamWalton'sformula:Buycheap,sellforlessthantheotherguy,andmakeyourprofitonhighvolumeandfastturnover.Soundssimple,butthissupercenterisaworldawayfromSam'sfive-and-dime.Howdotheykeeptrackofitall?Howdotheyknowwhattostock?Howdotheykeeppricessolow?

第2课IPhrasestranslation物流成本logisticscost销售损失lostsale退货处理成本costsofreturngoodshandling潜在的销售potentialfuturesale运输成本transportationcost进货渠道inboundchannel出货渠道outboundchannel订单处理成本orderprocessingcost需求预测demandingforecasting销售沟通distributioncommunication电子数据交换系统electronicdatainterchange卫星数据传输satellitedatatransmission条码barcoding内部成本internalcost外部成本externalcost订单传输ordertransmittal订单输入orderentry批量成本lotquantitycost缺货stockout库存持有成本inventorycarrycost资金成本capitalcost仓储空间成本storagespacecost风险成本riskcostIIFillintheblankandputthesentenceintoChinese1、orderfulfillment客户服务成本是指用来支持客户服务的费用，包括订单执行、零配件和服务支持成本。2、thelostofthecurrentsale销售损失成本不仅包括现在的销售损失，还包括潜在的销售损失3、thetotalcost客户服务管理的目标是在给定的客户服务水平下，实现总成本最小4、volumeofshipment(cube),distance,由于运输体积、运输重量及起始地到目的地的不同，运输成本有很大变化5、ordertransmittal订单处理成本包括订单传送、订单输入、处理订单及相关的内外部成本6、purchasing

-orproduction批量成本是与采购或生产相关的成本，随着订单数量及频率而变化III.Discusswithyourpartnerandcompletethefollowingtableonthemainlogisticcostsandthefactorsthatinfluencethecosts:MainlogisticcostsImportantfactorsthatinfluencethecostscustomerservicecostoflostsales,thecostsofreturngoodshandling,thelostofpotentialfuturesales,etctransportationcustomer,productline,typeofchannel,volumeofshipment(cube),weightofshipment,distance,andpointoforiginanddestination,themodeoftransportationWarehousingsiteselection,thenumberorlocationofwarehousesorderprocessingandinformationcostsasordertransmittal,orderentry,processingtheorder,andrelatedinternalandexternalcosts,moderninformationtechnologylotquantitypurchasing-orproduction-relatedcosts,inventorycarryingcapitalcost,inventoryservicecost,storagespacecost,inventoryriskcostCh2第2章SupplyChainManagement第1课IPhrasestranslation供应链supplychain最终用户endcustomers供应链管理supplychainmanagement货物流productflow核心能力corecompetency信息流informationflow因果图cause-and-effectdiagram人力资源humanresource上游供应商upperstreamsupplier供应链整合supplychainintegration下游企业downstreamfirm物资供应materialprocurement流程图flowdiagram预定程序booking-inprocessIIFillintheblankandputthesentenceintoChinese1、supplier,customer供应链管理是供应商与最终客户间的连接网络系统。2、procure,transform,deliver供应链管理是采购原料和服务、生产/转型形成中间产品和最终产品，并将其发送至客户的各种活动的整合。3、Technology技术在提高企业总体供应链能力上具有更为重要的作用。4、improvingtherelationshipsofthepartiesonthechain.供应链整合目标实际上始于提高链上成员之间的关系5、brainstorming,cause-and-effect项目组和那些参与这一进程的人开了一个下午的会议，这种头脑风暴会议的结果产生了一个因果图。III.Listentotheinterview,andanswertothefollowingquestions：TapescriptProf.GARYGEREFFI:Wal-Mart,asanefficiencymachine,hasjustdonebetterthananyotherU.S.retailer,orperhapsanyotherU.S.companyinhistory.HEDRICKSMITH:Withothermassretailchains,likeTargetandK-Mart,Wal-Martgeneratedarevolutioninhowgoodsareproduced,ashiftfromwhat'scalled"pushproduction"to"pullproduction."Prof.EDNABONACICH,U.C.Riverside:Thepushsysteminvolvedmanufacturersdecidingwhatthey'regoingtoproduceandthentryingtogetretailerstobuyitandsellitforthem.Thepullsysteminvolvesretailersdecidingwhatisbeingsold,collectinginformationonwhatisbeingsold,andthentellingmanufacturerswhattoproduceandwhentoproduceitbasedonwhatisactuallybeingsold.HEDRICKSMITH:Wal-Mart'spullissopowerfulthathereinBentonville,manufacturershavesetupsatellitesalesoffices.Inwhat'snowknownasVendorville,IfoundaWho'sWhoofWal-Martvendors.Inonecorporateofficepark,Ifoundasockmanufacturer,KentuckyDerbyHosiery.ItsCEOisBillNichol.BILLNICHOL,CEO,KentuckyDerbyHosiery:Yes.IfyouwanttosellWal-Mart,youknow,youneedtocometoBentonville.It'sbeenthatwayforalongtime.Idon'tseethatthat'sgoingtochange.Sopeoplewhotravelalotfounditmaybemoreconvenientjusttohaveanofficehere,thattheywerecontinuouslycomingtoBentonville,soalotofthemjustmovedhere,oratleastopenedanofficehere.HEDRICKSMITH:Thesupplierscomeindroves,hungryforbigcontracts.TheygetherdedintolittleroomsforbargainingsessionswithWal-Martbuyers.BILLNICHOL:Theyforceallofus,byreallygoodbusinessdiscipline,tobesurewe'repayingattentionatalltimestowhattheircustomerswanttobuy.Itservesthepurposeofsaying,"Thisiswhattheywant,andtheywanttobuyitatthisprice."Therefore,that'swhatwe'dbetterbedoing,ourlittlecompany.HEDRICKSMITH:ThefocusisonwhatmattersmosttoWal-Mart:prices.JONLEHMAN,FormerWal-MartStoreManager:Well,it'sveryone-sided.Thereisnonegotiation.There'snotmuchnegotiationatall.Themanufacturerwalksintotheroom.I'vebeenintheselittlecubicles,I'veseenithappen.Thebuyersays,"Look,wewantyoutosellittousfor5percentonadollar–atcost–lowerthisyearthanyoudidlastyear."Theyknoweveryfactandfigurethatthesemanufacturershave.Theyknowtheirbooks.Theyknowtheircosts.Theyknowtheirbusinesspractices–everything,youknow?Sowhat'samanufacturerlefttodo?TheysitnakedinfrontofWal-Mart.Youknow,Wal-Martcallstheshots."Ifyouwanttodobusinesswithus,ifyouwanttostayinbusiness,thenyou'regoingtodoitourway."Andit'sallaboutdrivingdownthecostofgoods.Prof.NELSONLICHTENSTEIN:ThepowerofWal-Martissuch,it'sreverseda100-yearhistoryinwhichthemanufacturerwaspowerfulandtheretailerwassortofthevassal.It'schangedthat.Itturnedthataroundentirely.Nowtheretailer,themassglobalretailer,isatthecenter.That'sthepower.Andthemanufacturerbecomestheserf,thevassal,theunderlingwhohastodothebiddingoftheretailer.That'sanewthing.

第2课IPhrasestranslation供应链战略supplychainstrategy多供应商战略manysuppliersstrategy少数供应商战略fewsuppliersstrategy纵向整合战略verticalintegration企业集团keiretsunetworks虚拟企业virtualcompany前向整合forwardintegration后向整合backwardintegration规模经济economyofscale成本降低costreductionIIFillintheblankandputthesentenceintoChinese1、demands,specifications,lowbidder,supplier在多供应商战略中，各供应商对采购方的报价要求中的需求和规格做出回应，订单往往是为报价较低者所获得。这种战略是以一家供应商挤脱另一家供应商，将满足买方要求的重担转嫁给了供应商。2、broadobjectives,economiesofscale,transactioncosts,productioncosts长期的供应商更能理解采购者和末端客户的主要目标。选择少数供应商，还可以使他们获得规模效应，这能降低交易和生产成本，从而为采购者创造利润。3、captives,tradesecrets因为固定合作的供应商少,双方都有被缚住手脚的风险。糟糕的供应商服务只是采购者面临的风险之一,采购者同时要担心商业秘密外泄,供应商是否另有自己的合作者等问题。4、forward,backward纵向整合有前向整合和后向整合两种形式。III.Pleasecompletethefollowingtableanddiscusswithyourpartnertheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoffivesupplychainstrategies:SupplychainstrategyAdvantagesDisadvantagesManysuppliersDifferentapproachestonegotiationsTheordergoingtothelowbidder,supplier’sburden,fiercecompetitionFewsupplierslong-termrelationshipwithafewdedicatedsupplierstheriskoflosingpartner,tradesecretsVerticalintegrationstrategicopportunities,costreduction,goodrelationshipTokeepupwiththemoderntechnologyKeiretsunetworkslong-termrelationships,providingtechnicalexpertiseandstablequalityproductionfinancialsupporttothesupplierVerticalcompaniesspecializedmanagementexpertise,lowcapitalinvestment,flexibility,andspeed,efficiencyavarietyofsupplierrelationships

第3课IPhrasestranslationdistributionprocess配送过程existingsystem现有系统theenduser终端用户vehicleconfigurations汽车配置inventoryshortfall库存短缺distributionchain配送链designprinciple设计原则user’srequirements用户需求supply-chainintegration供应链整合supply-chainmanagement供应链管理IIChallengingquestionsfordiscussion略Ch3第3章LogisticsforRetailManagement第1课练习题1.将下列词汇翻译成英语零售物流RetailLogistics综合配送compositedistribution整合配送integrateddistribution快速反应QuickResponse产品流Flowsofproducts风险流Flowsofrisk资金流Flowsoffinance信息流Flowsofinformation有效客户响应EfficientConsumerResponse2.句子填空，并翻译成汉语1．Theeffortsofretailerstoundertakedistributionand____logistics_________functions_______havedramaticinfluenceon____stock___________holding_____.翻译：零售商承担物流配送功能会对其库存量具有很大的影响.2．Retailershavebeenextendingtheir___control_________upstream_____,asaresultofQRpressuresandcompetition.翻译：由于快速响应系统带来的竞争压力，零售商开始对上游的供应商实施逆向控制。3．Thechannelofmodernretailingnowconsistsbasicallyofthreemainfactors-___consumers________retailers________and___manufacturers_______.翻译：现代零售渠道主要是由是消费者、零售商和制造商这三个成员所构成的。4．Technologyisimportantinitself,but__the______use______of_______these_______data___throughouttheorganizationiscrucial.翻译：科学技术本身就非常重要，在企业中使用这些数据是更为重要的。5．Retailersareincreasinglyoperatingonaninternationalscalewhetherintermsof___sourcing_____of_____products____oroperatingofstores.翻译：无论是在产品采购还是商店的经营方面，越来越多的零售商开始在国际领域进行运作。6．Growingenvironmentalconcernisforcingretailerstodevelopbetterandmoreefficient____recycling___and_____re-use____systems.翻译：日益突出的环境问题要求零售商建立一个更有效的回收再利用的逆向物流系统，以实现物料资源的循环再利用。3．回答以下问题:1．为什么说零售商在物流中扮演越来越重要的角色?Retailinganddistributionareconcernedwithproductavailability.Retailersmustbeconcernedwiththeflowsofproductandinformationandthroughtheircompaniestomakeproductsavailabletoconsumers.Theconcerniswiththestructureandmanagementoflogisticschannels2．为什么要这么重视有效客户反应?Effectivecustomerresponsecanenhanceconsumervalue,improvetheoperationefficiencyofthewholesupplychain,reducethecostofthewholesystemasthegoal,therebyenhancingthecompetitivenessofenterprises.3．还有哪三个领域应该由现代零售商的物流管理所重视？为什么呢？Standardization.Withstandardization,wecanhaveabetterunderstandingofhowaminutedecisionwillaffectdistributionsubstantially.Congestion.Formanyproductstransportationisaproblem.Transportationcongestioncouldpossiblyleadintheendtoelectronicshoppingandhomedelivery.Packagingandrecycling.Growingenvironmentalconcernisforcingretailerstodevelopbetterandmoreefficientrecyclingandre-usesystems.4．描述下乐购在1970年到1997年间库存量减少的情况，并讨论库存量减少的原因。TheinventoryofTescobegantoreducein1980,untilin1994theinventoryappearalittlegrowth.Retailers’effortstoundertakedistributionandlogisticsfunctionscausethereductionoftheinventory.4．举例说明零售业物流变化情况AreasImportantfactorsExamplesTechnology1.TocapturemuchmoredataaboutcustomersanddemandthanbeforeSeven-ElevenJapanCoLtdusedtechnologytorestructureunderstandingofconsumers,capturedemand,placeorders,distributeproductstostoresseveraltimesdaily.2.TheuseofthesedatathroughouttheorganizationInternationalization1.OperatingonaninternationalscaleWAL-MARTadoptstheglobalprocurements.2.FlowsrequiringclosermanagementAlliances1.RetailersadoptlogisticsalliancesManyoftheleadingretailers,especiallythefranchiseoperatorsofBenettonandSeven-ElevenJapanareattheforefrontofthechanges2.theriseofspecialistdistributorsManagementDifferentmethodsofoperatingRetailersormanufacturersneedtoconsideriftheywanttocarryoutphysicalactivitiesandinformationmanagementbythemselves.第2课习题I．词组翻译1．consolidationcenter集散中心2．computer-aideddesign(CAD)计算机辅助设计3．leansupply精益供应链4．realdemand真实需求5．leadtime交货时间6．服装业apparelbusiness7．冲动购买impulsepurchase8．店内展示in-storedisplay9．缺货物品stock-outsII．句子填空，并翻译成汉语Fashionisabroadtermwhichtypicallyreferstoanyproductormarketwherethereisanelementof_____style______whichislikelytobe__short-lived_______.翻译：时尚是一个宽泛的概念，它通常指的是某个产品或者市场中的一些元素在社会生活的短时期内的盛行。Therearethreecriticalleadtimesthatmustbemanagedbyorganizationsthatseektocompetesuccessfullyinfashionmarkets:____Time-to-market______,__Time-to-serve_________and_________Time-to-react______.翻译：对于希望在时尚市场竞争中能够脱颖而出的服装企业必须管理好三个3个关键的时间点：上市时间、服务时间、反应时间。3．____Realdemand__________iswhatconsumersarebuyingorrequestinghourbyhour,daybyday.翻译：所谓真实需求指的是消费者会时刻购买或者需要的商品。4.Manyorganizationsmakesignificantimprovementsbyadoptingtwostrategiesofreducingthe____logisticsleadtime_____andcapturing____information_________sooneronactualcustomerdemand.翻译：III．回答下列问题时尚市场的特征是什么?Shortlife-cycles:theproductisoftendesignedtocapturethemoodofthemoment.Highvolatility:demandfortheseproductsisrarelystableorlinear.Lowpredictability:itisextremelydifficulttoforecastwithanyaccuracyeventotaldemandduringaperiodHighimpulsepurchase:manybuyingdecisionsfortheseproductsaremadeatthepointofpurchase两个发展趋势对时尚物流增加的复杂度和困难是什么？Firstisthegrowingtendencytosourceproductandmaterialsoff-shore,causinglongerlead-times.Thepressureforseekinglow-costmanufacturingcamefromtheretailers.Thesecondtrendisthemovesbymanyretailersintheapparelbusinesstoreducesignificantlythenumberofsupplierstheydobusinesswith.为什么入市时间对时尚业的企业那么重要？Companiesthatareslowtomarketcansufferintwoways.First,theymissasignificantsalesopportunitythatprobablywillnotberepeated.Second,thesupplierislikelytofindthatwhentheproductfinallyarrivesinthemarketplace,demandisstartingtofallaway,leadingtothelikelihoodofmark-downs.4．如何建立精益供应链？Manyorganizationsmakesignificantimprovementsbyadoptingtwostrategiesofreducingthelogisticsleadtimeandcapturinginformationsooneronactualcustomerdemand第3课习题I．句子填空，并翻译成汉语1．Thewarehousebuildingcomprises25,000squaremetresdividedintothreetemperaturezones:___℃)___，__+2℃(chilled)__,and___+12℃(semi-ambien____.翻译：仓库建筑面积可达25000平方米，分为三个温度区域：冷冻（-25℃）、冷藏（+2℃）、常温（+12℃）。2．Deliveryvehiclesfromcompositedepotscanuse__insulatedtrailers___dividedintochambersbymeanof_movablebulkheads___sotheycanoperateatdifferenttemperatures.翻译：仓库的运载工具可以是采用具有隔热性的拖车，并用可移动的隔板将车辆分成几个部分，使得他们在不同温度下运行。3．Asacustomer’spurchasesarescannedthrough__thebarcodereader____atthetill,thesaleisautomaticallyrecordedfor___each(StockKeepingUnit)_______.翻译：当顾客购买的商品经过条形码扫描后，销售情况会被自动记录下，以便了解商品的库存情况。4．Theflowoftheproductintothedistributioncentreisbrokenintofourwavesandspecificproductsaredeliveredindifferentcyclesthroughtheday.翻译：产品流入配送中心后可以分为四个过程。一些特殊商品可能会在一天内被重复多次搬运。II．词汇翻译stock-keepingunits库存量单位salesturnover销售额regionaldistributioncenter(RDC)区域配中心store-basedorderingelectronicpointofsales(EPOS)systems电子销售点系统cumulativesales累积销售量internetprotocol互联网协议fast-movingproduct快速消费品III.讨论题简述乐购企业的主要物流流程。provideacost-effectivedailydeliveryservicetoallstores(describeactivitiesindetail)我们应该怎么管理快速消费品？ensureproductavailabilityontheshelfpicktozerointhedistributioncenterdeliveriestostoresaremadeassoonastheproductispicked你是如何理解乐购的核心宗旨“为客户创造价值，以赢得他们终身的忠诚度”？ThiscorepurposecanhelpTescowinthetrustofcustomers,andestablishstablerelationshipswithcustomers,finallycreateprofitfortheTesco.4．你认为乐购未来发展的物流挑战是什么？IthinkthemainchallengesinrunningtheTescooperationishowtoreducethecostofpurchasingandinventory.Ch4第4章FreightTransport第1课EXERCISESI．Phrasestranslation班轮liner件杂货generalcargo不定期船tramp核心港hubports支线港spokeport滚装船Ro–Rovessels散装inbulk远洋航线deep-searoute沿海航线coastalroute腹地hinterland远洋船ocean-goingvessel包运合同contractofaffeightment期租timecharter闲置layup运力过剩excessfleetcapacityII．Answerthefollowingquestions1．Whentheshipscallintheport,whatarelimitationsofportontheships?Depthofwater,theareaofwatertocallinorturnround,thefacilitiesofportandsoon2．Whyarethelargershipsputinthelongdistantroute?Foreconomiesofscale,reducingthecost3．Whentheshippingmarketisdown,whatshouldtheship’sownerdo?Reducethecostoftransportbyslowthespeed,cuttheunnecessaryactivities….,layouttheships,evenquitfromtheshippingmarket.4．Howdoyouthinktherelationshipoffourshippingfactorsofship,cargo,routeandport?略5．Canyoudescribethethreetypesofshippingservice.略

第2课EXERCISESI．Answerthefollowingquestions1．Howarethestorageshappenedinthebulktransportsystem,canyoureducethefrequencyofthehandlingoperation?Intheexportcountry:storageintheopenwarehouseattheorigin(e.g.mine,oilfield,factoryorsteelmill),storageintheloadingportIntheimportcountry:storageintheunloadingport,storageintheopenwarehouseatthedestinationDependonthetransportprocedure.2．Whichkindsofcargoesaresuitableforthebulktransport,andgivesomeexamples？largevolume,lowvalue,suitableforautomatedhandlingsystem,regularityoftradeflow3．Whatdoyouthinkoftheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthecontainertransport?略4．CanyouexplaintheabbreviationforFCL(LCL)?Fullcontainerloadlessthancontainerload5．Canyoudefinetheintermodaltransport?carrygoodsbyatleasttwodifferentmodesoftransport,andissueonebillofladingduringthewholevoyageII．CaseanalysisImporterAimportedonecontainerofcargoes.Hepickedupthecontainerfromcontaineryard,aftercheckingtheconditionofthecontaineratthedischargingport.ThecontainerwascarriedbythetrucktoawarehouseofAcompany.Whenthecontainerwasopen,theyfoundthecargoeswerepartlydamaged.Whoshouldberesponsibleforthedamagecargo,andwhy?(Freightitemsinthesaleofcontractandbillofladingareasfollows:CY-CY,FCL-FCL,shipper’sloadandcount)accordingtothetermofFCL,theexporterpackedcargoes,sotheexportershouldtakeresponsibilityandliabilityfordamage.第3课EXERCISESI．Answerthefollowingquestions1．howdoesthetransportsystemaffecttheenviroment?Answerthisquestionfromfiveparts:infrastructure,vehiclemanufacture,vehicletravel,vehiclemaintenance,vehicledisposal.2．whataretheenvironmentimpactfactorsoftransport?Networkstructure;traffic;transportmodeII．ExtendworkInvestigatethelocalenvironmentaltransportissues,describehowdoesfreightindustryaffecttheenvironment.略Ch5第5章IntermodalTransportandOBOR第1课IPhrasestranslation多式联运MultimodalTransport铁路货运Railfreighting内陆水运inlandwaterway沿海运输coastalshipping双峰运输BimodalTransport双联列车Bimodaltrains联合运输（公铁联运）CombinedTransport滚动高速公路系统RollingMotorwaySystems背驮运输PiggybackTransport双层平台火车DoublestackTrainCarsIIFillintheblankandputthesentenceintoChinese1.operationallyefficient；origin联合货物运输以高效运营和低成本为目标，将货物从始发地运送至目的地。2.lower-cost；less-polluting铁路为长距离货物运输提供了一种低成本的运输方式，对环境的污染也少得多。3.twomodes“bi”的意思是“二”，当与术语“model”一起使用时，意味着仅使用两种运输方式来完成货物运输。4.roadvehicles滚动高速公路系统是一种将完整的道路车辆开上专门为轨道交通建造的轨道货车的系统。5.onthebackof背驮运输指的是将一个运输单元放在其他物品的背上进行运输。III．Challengingquestionsfordiscussion略IV.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdifferentmodesoftransportationinlogisticsystem.ModesoftransportationAdvantageDisadvantageRailfreightinglower-cost;multipleloads;less-pollutinghighinvestmentcost;poorflexibilityinlandwaterwaycoastalshippinglargetransportcapacity;ThemostCost-effective;Poorcontinuity;VulnerabletotheweatherbimodaltrainsRollingmotorwaysystemsPiggybacktransport第2课IPhrasestranslation“一带一路”倡议TheBeltandRoadInitiative陆架通道Landcarriagechannels海河联运Thecombinedriver-seaintermodaltransportation海铁联运rail-seatransportation海陆联运land-oceanintermodal陆桥运输Landbridgetransport五定班列thescheduledtrainsofthefivefixings丝绸之路经济带与21世纪海上丝绸之路theSilkRoadEconomicBeltandthe21st-CenturyMaritimeSilkRoad第二欧亚大陆桥（新欧亚大陆桥）theSecondEurasianContinentalBridgethenewEurasianContinentalBridge渝新欧国际铁路线Yuxinou(YXO)railurayIIFillintheblankandputthesentenceintoChinese1.theocean上海港主要作为内河航运（长江）与海洋运输联运的节点。road-rail；land-ocean多式联运可分为公-铁联运和陆海联运。SouthAmerica；Africa目前正在建设的大陆桥旨在通过五条不同的通道连接中国和非洲、欧洲、南美洲。doublestack-trains运输和信息新技术已普遍应用于国际集装箱运输当中（如双层列车和电子清关）。road；rail背驮运输使得道路和铁路运输成为一个整体。III．Challengingquestionsfordiscussion略IV.Chessgame略第3课IPhrasestranslation“一带一路”倡议TheBeltandRoadInitiative 互利合作mutuallybeneficialcooperation西伯利亚大铁路theTransSiberianRailway欧亚大陆桥theEurasianLandbridge跨亚洲铁路Trans-AsianRailway集装箱货运containershipping贸易走廊tradecorridors铁路枢纽railwayhub制造业集群manufacturingcluster海上通道seawayIIFillintheblankandputthesentenceintoChineserailconnections；ports中国正寻求通过在中亚发展基础设施建设包括铁路节点、内陆码头和港口等扩大贸易关系。TheEurasianLandbridge；thecongestion对中国来说，欧亚大陆桥提供了一个发展内陆省份和缓解沿海港口拥堵的机会。jade;tea;spices丝绸之路贸易的主要商品有黄金、珠宝、茶叶和香料等。India连接地中海地区和印度的海上航线最初的开辟发生在罗马时代。Guangzhou；theIndianOcean；theRedSea主要的阿拉伯海航线始于广州，途经东南亚、印度洋、红海，然后到达亚历山大。III．Challengingquestionsfordiscussion略Ch06第6章PhysicalDistribution第1课I.Formphrases实物配送Physicaldistribution订单处理Orderprocess集约式分销intensivedistribution独家分销exclusivedistribution实物履行Physicalfulfillment客户要求Customerrequirements选择性分销selectivedistribution零售价retailpriceII.FillintheblanksandputthesentencesintoChineseTheoverallprocessofgainingandmaintainingcustomerscanbebroadlydividedintotransaction-creationandphysical-fulfillmentactivities.获得客户和保持客户的整个过程大致可以分为交易的产生和实物履行活动。Theyareordertransmission,orderprocessing,orderselection,ordertransportation,andcustomerdelivery.它们是订单传送,订单处理,订单货拣选,订单货运输和送货至客户。Often,thismeansthatmarketingandsaleswouldliketomaintainabroadproductlinewithhighinventoryregardlessofeachproduct’sactualprofitpotential.通常,这是指市场和销售(部门)希望保持高库存的宽的产品线而不考虑每一产品的实际的潜在利润。Theveryfactthatphysicaldistributiondealswithcustomerrequirementsmeansthatrelatedoperationswillbemoreerraticthancharacteristicofmanufacturingsupportandprocurementperformancecycles.实物配送需满足客户需求的这一事实意味着有关的运作比生产支持的特征和完成采购周期更具有可变性。5.physicaldistributionperformancecyclesshouldbedesignedtobeasflexibleandresponsiveaspossible.实物配送的履行周期应该尽可能地设计得富有柔性和具有好的响应性。.6.Theproduceralsomayrestrictthenumberofretailoutletsiftheproductrequiresspecializedservicingorsalessupport.如果产品需要特殊的服务或销售支持,厂商也限制零售输出口子的数量。III.Pleasecompletethefollowingtabletogetyourselffamiliarwiththeinformationontypesofdistribution:TypeofdistributionAppropriatecustomers（合适的顾客）Appropriateproducts（合适的产品）IntensivedistributionRetailers，wholesalers1.chewinggum,candybar,softdrinks,bread,film,andcigarettes;2.pencils,paperclips,transparenttape,filefolders,typingpaper,screws,andnailsselectivedistributionwholesalersorretailers,themanufacturersclothing,appliances,televisions,stereoequipment,homefurnishings,andsportsequipmentexclusivedistributionsingleoutletwithanexclusivefranchise,themanufacturersspecialtyautomobiles,somemajorappliances,certainbrandoffurniture,andlinesofclothingthatenjoyahighdegreeofbrandloyaltyIV.Listentothe