初中英语2024届中考复习前缀后缀汇总

中考英语前后缀汇总

一、前缀

前缀用在词根前面以改变词的意义，一般不改变词性。

1.否定前缀

un-

unhappy,unusual,unfair,unlike,unfriendly,uncomfortable,uncrowded,uneasy,

unexpected,unlucky,unbelievable,unable,Unforgettableo

im-

impolite,impossibleŋ

in-

inexpensive,incorrect,informal

dis-

dislike,disappointed,discover,discourage,dishonest,disappear,disbelief,

disadvantage,disabled0

ir-

irregular

2.其它前缀

re-（表示再，又）

review,recycle,return,reuse,reusable,research

inter-（表示在……之间，相互）

interview,internet,international

under-（表示低于）

underwear,underground

bi-（表示两）

bicycle

,

IdontfeelhapPy也可以说成Ifeelunhappyo

UrIIike是介词，dislike是动词，在使用时必须注意。

另外，含有否定前缀的词用在反义疑问句中，后面简短的一般疑问句照样要用否定的，如:

1.That,simpossible,isn'tit?

2.Hefeelsunlucky,doesn,the?

二、后缀

后缀用在词根后面以改变词性。

1.动词变成名词

在一个动词后面加上某一个后缀，使之变为名词。

①动词+er∕or∕ist∕ress（表示动作的执行者）

+er

teach-teacher,work-worker,read-reader,think-thinker,perform-ρerformer,

wait-waiter,sing-singer,play-player,cook-cooker,record-recorder,keep-keeper,

listen-listener,farm-farmer,climb-climber,lead-leader,speak-speaker,

report-reporter,clean-cleaner,help-helper

以e结尾的单词，÷r

ι

write-writer,drive-driver,dance-dancer,ride-rider,rule-ruler,manage-manager,

make-maker

重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母，元音发短音时，双写尾字母，再+er

run-runner,win-winner,travel-travel(1)er

+or

visit-visitor,act-actor,invent-inventor,compete-competitor,

translate-translator,direct-director

+ist

tour-tourist

+ress

wait-waitress,act-actress

②动词+tion

act-action,suggest-suggestion,communicate-communication,invite-invitation,

pollute-pollution,compete-competition,predict-prediction,invent-invention,

prepare-preparation,protect-protection,celebrate-ce1ebration,direct-direction,

educate-education,examine-examination,inspire-inspiration,introduce-introduction,

produce-production,graduate-graduation,pronounce-pronunciation

③动词+ing

draw-drawing,paint-painting,build-building,say-saying,cross-crossing,

happen-happening,end-ending,mean-meaning,feel-feeling,begi∏-beginning,

open-opening

④动词+∏Ient

agree-agreement,disagree-disagreement,deve1op-deve1opment,improve-improvement,

encourage-encouragement,punish-punishment,achieve-achievement,manage-management

⑤动词+ance

appear-appearance,disappear-disappearance

⑥动词+sion

express-expression,discuss-discussion,decide-decision

在句子中，如果作主语、宾语、表语，就要把动词改为名词。

用括号内所给词的适当形式填空：

1.Heisabasketball(play).

2.Thankyouforyour(invite).

3.Theteacherispleasedwithhis(improve)inEnglish.

2.名词变成形容词

在一个名词后面加上某一个后缀，使之变为形容词。

①名词+ful

thank-thankful,help-helpful,care-careful,use-useful,hope-hopeful,

beauty-beautiful,wonder-wonderfu1,pain-painful,harm-harmful,success-successful,

truth-truthful

②名词+less

help-helpless,hope-hopeless,use-useless,care-careless,harm-harmless

③名词+y

rain-rainy,wind-windy,snow-snowy,sun-sunny,fog-foggy,ice-icy,health-healthy,

luck-lucky,noise-noisy,sleep-sleepy,thirst-thirsty,hunger-hungry

④名词+ly

week-weekly,love-lovely,friend-friendly,live-lively

⑤名词+al

2

person-personal,music-musical,tradition-traditional,center-central,

nature-natural,culture-cultural,digit-digital,accident-accidental,

education-educational,profession-professional,nation-national,medicine-medical,

environment-environmental

⑥名词+oUS

danger-dangerous,humor-humorous,fame-famous,mystery-mysterious

⑦名词+ern

east-eastern,west-western,south-southern,north-northern,southeast-southeastern

⑧名词+en

wood-wooden,woo1-woo1en,go1d-goIden

⑨名词+ish

fool-foolish,self-selfish

⑩名词以Ce结尾，把Ce改为t

silence-silent,patience-patient,confidence-confident,importance-important,

convenience-convenient

在句子中，如果作表语、定语或宾补时，很可能要把名词变成形容词。

1.Lookafteryourselfandkeep(health).

2.Theyaretalkingabout(healthy)problem.

3.Youshouldeat(health)food.

4.Playingbasketballkeepsme(health).

5.Weshoulddomoresportandeat(health).

3.动词变成形容词

动词的现在分词、过去分词可作形容词，或在动词后加上某些后缀也可变成形容词。

①动词+ing(即现在分词)

move-moving,care-caring,understand-understanding,burn-burning,freeze-freezing,

fascinate-fascinating,embarrass-embarrassing,surprise-surprising,bore-boring,

tire-tiring,excite-exciting,interest-interesting,disappoint-disappointing,

frighten-frightening,boil-boiling

②动词+ed(即过去分词)

move-moved,burn-burned(或burnt),freeze-frozen,embarrass-embarrassed,

disappoint-disappointed,surprise-surprised,bore-bored,tire-tired,worry-worried,

excite-excited,interest-interested,frighten-frightened,boil-boiled

③动词+able

understand-understandable,forget-forgettable,enjoy-enjoyable,

comfort-comfortable,value-valuable,believe-believable

动词和形容词在句子中的作用不同，在使用时要根据实际情况作出变化，当然也要区分现在

分词与过去分词所作的形容词，现在分词表示主动或正在进行，多数形容事物；过去分词表示被

动或已经完成，多数形容人。如；

1.Iam____(bore)withthe(bore)job.

2.Hefoundthenews(excite).

3.Onlywhensomethingislostdowefindit_____(value).

4.形容词变成副词

除了一些形容词、副词同形的词，如early/late/fast/high/far/hard等以外，大多数形容

词后面加上Iy变成副词，不过有些要作改变，注意不同的变化情况。

φcareful-carefully,real-really,wide-widely,wise-wisely,polite-politely,

Ioud-Ioudly,gradual-gradually,general-generally,most-mostly,cheap-cheaply,

3

special-specially,certai∏-certainly,sudden-suddenly,recent-recently,

different-differently,complete-completely,beautiful-beautifully,total-totally,

slow-slowly,quick-quickly

（2）happy-happi1y,easy-easily,heavy-heavily,angry-angrily,Iucky-Iuckily,

healthy-healthily,noisy-∏oisily

③SinIPle-SinlPly,gentle-gently,possible-possibly,probab1e-probab1y,

Comfortable-Comfortably,terrible-terribIy

（4）true-truly

形容词作表语、定语、宾补，而副词作状语。

1.Thatthingmade（使）mehappy.（形容词作宾补）

2.Theyaremaking（制作）cardshappily.（副词作状语）

3.Weliveahappylif