人教版高中英语选择性学案UNIT4ADVERSITYANDCOURAGE预习

Ⅰ.匹配词义a．匹配下列单词词义()1.adversity A．adj.潮湿的；湿气重的()2.vigour B．adj.痛苦的；令人难受的()3.aboard C．n.娱乐；消遣；游戏()4.steward D．adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的()5.miserable E．n.困境；逆境()6.selfish F．adv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)()7.genuine G．n.精力；力量；活力()8.thorough H．adj.自私的()9.damp I．n.(轮船、飞机或火车上)乘务员；服务员()10.recreation J．adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的[答案]1—5EGFIB6—10HJDACb．匹配下列短语词义()1.turnsb.down A．坚持()2.makefire B．每况愈下()3.giveoff C．热衷于()4.dreamof D．陷入困境()5.beenthusiasticabout E．成功做到()6.setoff F．拒绝(某人)()7.beestuckin G．梦想……()8.frombadtoworse H．出发；动身()9.makeit I．放出(热、光、气味或气体)()10.holdon J.生火[答案]1—5FJIGC6—10HDBEAⅡ.默写单词1．bitteradj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的2．envyvt.&n3．crushvt. 毁坏；压坏；压碎n. 拥挤的人群4．voyagen．&vi. 航海；航行5．decentadj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的6．cosyadj. 温馨的；舒适的7．crueladj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的8．guidancen. 指导；引导；导航9．roughadj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的10．candidaten. 候选人；应试者Ⅰ.选词填空sink；thorough；candidate；expedition；selfish；damp；genuine；guidance；motive；loyal1．Thereseemedtobenomotiveforthemurder.2．Therewerealargenumberofcandidatesforthejob.3．Shehasalwaysremainedloyaltoherpoliticalprinciples.4．Activitiesalltakeplaceundertheguidanceofanexperiencedtutor.5．Ifyouputondampclothes，youwillprobablycatchcold.6．Hehadmadeathoroughinvestigation.Nowonderheknewsomuchaboutit.7．Shewassincereandgenuineinherwishtomakeamendsforthepast.8．Itwasselfishofhimtoleavealltheworktoyou.9．Theshipsanktothebottomofthesea.10．TheyhavegoneonanexpeditiontotheAntarctic.Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．Heshowedremarkableendurance(endure)throughouthisillness.2．Sheneverlostherenthusiasm(enthusiastic)forteaching.3．Youwillneedtopletethreewrittenassignments(assign)persemester.4．Theseabandoned(abandon)childrenhavenowgotafuture.5．IdecidedthatIwouldsellmycar，putmypersonalbelongings(belong)instorageandrentmyhouse.6．Theachievementofone'spurposedependslargelyuponone'sperseverance(persevere)．7．Thegovernmentispressingforanearlyresolution(resolve)ofthedispute.8．Hisapplication(apply)formembershipoftheorganisationwasrejected.9．Agoodadvertising(advertise)campaignwillincreaseoursales.10．Wemadeamitment(mit)tokeepworkingtogether.1．AnexpeditiontotheSouthPolewiththegreatSirErnestShackleton—thisistheadventurethatIhavebeendreamingof.和伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士一起去南极探险——这是我一直梦想的冒险。2．ButIwassoenthusiasticabouttheideaofgoingalongwiththemthatIsecretlywentaboardhisship，theEndurance，andhidinasmallcupboard.但是我对和他们一起去的想法非常热切，所以我偷偷地登上了“坚忍”号，藏在一个小柜子里。3．HoweveryonewillenvymewhenIebackandtellthemabouttheamazingplacesIhavebeento!当我回来告诉他们我去过的那些神奇的地方时，每个人都会羡慕我！4．Wehavebeenstrugglingfordays，butthingsonElephantIslandaregoingfrombadtoworse.我们已经挣扎了好几天了，但象岛上的情况每况愈下。5．Soonafterwearrived，ShackletonleftustofindhelponSouthGeorgiaIsland，1，330kilometresaway—thevoyagewastoodangerousanddifficultforallofustomakeitinoursmallboats.我们到达后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们去1330公里外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助，这次航行太危险了，很难让我们所有人都坐上小船。名师圈点①expeditionn.探险；远征；探险队②ErnestShackleton，人名，20世纪英国著名探险家，1909年1月16日，③honourn．荣誉；荣耀④advertisementn．广告⑤adventuren.冒险；奇遇⑥dreamof梦想……⑦fitadj.健康的⑧vigourn.精力；活力；力量⑨applyv.申请；应用⑩turnsb.down拒绝某人⑪qualifiedadj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)⑫enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的⑬secretlyadv.秘密地；偷偷地⑭aboardadv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)⑮cupboardn．橱柜；壁柜；衣柜⑯setoff出发；动身⑰assignvt.分派；布置；分配assignsb.todosth.分派某人做某事⑱stewardn.(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员⑲envyn．&vt.羡慕；嫉妒⑳beestuckin被困在……eq\o(○,\s\up3(21))approachv．接近；靠近；到来eq\o(○,\s\up3(22))crushvt.毁坏；压坏；压碎n．拥挤的人群eq\o(○,\s\up3(23))sinkvi.沉没；下沉；下降eq\o(○,\s\up3(24))abandonvt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃eq\o(○,\s\up3(25))calmlyadv.平静地；镇静地eq\o(○,\s\up3(26))essentialadj.完全必要的；必不可少的；极其重要的；本质的；基本的；根本的eq\o(○,\s\up3(27))panicvi.惊慌；恐慌eq\o(○,\s\up3(28))belongingsn．财产；动产eq\o(○,\s\up3(29))banjon．班卓琴eq\o(○,\s\up3(30))campvi.露营；野营eq\o(○,\s\up3(31))survivev.生存；存活；继续存在；幸存；幸免于难；艰难度过；比……活(或存在)的时间长eq\o(○,\s\up3(32))strugglev．斗争；奋争eq\o(○,\s\up3(33))frombadtoworse每况愈下eq\o(○,\s\up3(34))miserableadj.痛苦的；令人难受的eq\o(○,\s\up3(35))makeit成功做到eq\o(○,\s\up3(36))navyn．海军；海军部队eq\o(○,\s\up3(37))otherwiseadv.否则；要不然eq\o(○,\s\up3(38))decentadj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的eq\o(○,\s\up3(39))cosyadj.温馨的；舒适的eq\o(○,\s\up3(40))holdon坚持；稍等；抓住eq\o(○,\s\up3(41))selfishadj.自私的selflessadj.无私的eq\o(○,\s\up3(42))bad­temperedadj.脾气坏的eq\o(○,\s\up3(43))genuineadj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的eq\o(○,\s\up3(44))perseverancen.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神eq\o(○,\s\up3(45))resolven.决心；坚定的信念vi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)原文呈现ASUCCESSFULFAILUREPerceBlackborowjoinedanexpedition①withSirErnestShackleton②toAntarcticaontheshipEndurancein1914.Shackletonwasoneofthemostfamousexplorersofhisdayanditwasconsideredagreathonour③tobepartofhisexpeditions.BelowaresomeofBlackborow'sdiaryentries.31October，1914...Well，itsohappenedthatonemorningIboughtanewspaperandreadtheadvertisement④abouttheAntarcticexpedition.AnexpeditiontotheSouthPolewiththegreatSirErnestShackleton—thisistheadventure⑤thatIhavebeendreamingof⑥.AndIwasreadyforit.Attheageof19，Iamfit⑦andfullofvigour⑧.However，whenIapplied⑨tojointheexpedition，Shackletonturnedmedown⑩becausehethoughtIwastooyoungandwasn'tqualified⑪.ButIwassoenthusiastic⑫abouttheideaofgoingalongwiththemthatIsecretly⑬wentaboard⑭hisship，theEndurance，andhidinasmallcupboard⑮.Unfortunately，threedaysafterwesetoff⑯Iwasdiscovered.Shackletondidnotwanttoturnbacksoheofferedmeajob，butonlyafterhepromisedme，“Ifanyonehastobeeaten，thenyouwillbethefirst！”Heassigned⑰metobeasteward⑱，andInowservemealsfortwenty­eightmen，threetimesaday.Howeveryonewillenvy⑲mewhenIebackandtellthemabouttheamazingplacesIhavebeento!21Nov，1915Thejourneyhasnotbeeneasy.Endurancebecamestuckin⑳theiceasweapproachedeq\o(○,\s\up9(21))Antarctica.Theicefrozearoundusandwewerewellandtrulystuck!Wesawtheshipgetcrushedeq\o(○,\s\up9(22))bytheice.Andwhentheshipsankeq\o(○,\s\up9(23))，ourheartssankwithit.Beforeweabandonedeq\o(○,\s\up9(24))theship，Shackletoncalmlyeq\o(○,\s\up9(25))calledustogetherandtoldustorescueourmostessentialeq\o(○,\s\up9(26))supplies—thesmallboats，ourfood，thecookstove，candles，clothes，andblankets.Thiswasnotimetopaniceq\o(○,\s\up9(27)).Wewerenotallowedtotakemostofourpersonalbelongingseq\o(○,\s\up9(28))，andShackletonhimselfthrewawayallhisgold.Buttooursurprise，heallowedHusseytokeephisbanjoeq\o(○,\s\up9(29)).Husseyoftenplaysittokeepourspiritsup.Wearenowcampedeq\o(○,\s\up9(30))ontheiceandwehavebeenmanagingtosurviveeq\o(○,\s\up9(31))，butspringising，andtheicewillsoonbegintomelt.20May，1916Wehavebeenstrugglingeq\o(○,\s\up9(32))fordays，butthingsonElephantIslandaregoingfrombadtoworseeq\o(○,\s\up9(33)).Wearenowcrowdedtogetherunderoneofourboatsontherockyshoreofthismiserableeq\o(○,\s\up9(34))place.Soonafterwearrived，ShackletonleftustofindhelponSouthGeorgiaIsland，1，330kilometresaway—thevoyagewastoodangerousanddifficultforallofustomakeiteq\o(○,\s\up9(35))inoursmallboats.IfShackletonfails，willwehaveanyhopeofrescue?No.Nonavyeq\o(○,\s\up9(36))intheworldeverstopsatElephantIsland，andnooneelseknowsthatwearehere.Ifeellow.It'scoldandwindy.Theislandhasnoplants.Sometimesweareabletocatchasealorapenguintoeat.Otherwiseeq\o(○,\s\up9(37))，thereisnofood.Itrytothinkofhappierthings:decenteq\o(○,\s\up9(38))food，warmanddryclothes，acosyeq\o(○,\s\up9(39))bedroom，sunnydays，andmymother'sface...However，thesehappymemoriesaresooninterruptedbyasuddencoldrushofair.Ishouted，“Shutthedoor！”“Holdoneq\o(○,\s\up9(40))now，Perce.Don'tyougoturningintoanotherTom，”camethereply.“We'vecaughtanotherpenguin，soit'spenguinsouptonight！”BlessFrankWild，thekindestmanthereisafterourleader，ErnestShackleton.HowcouldIbeeasselfisheq\o(○,\s\up9(41))andbad­temperedeq\o(○,\s\up9(42))asThomasOrde­Lees!WithoutFrankandErnest，we'dallbedeadbynow.Theirgenuineeq\o(○,\s\up9(43))concernforothers，theirperseveranceeq\o(○,\s\up9(44))，andtheirresolveeq\o(○,\s\up9(45))fillmewithhope.Perhapsthereisachancewewillreturnhome，afterall.译文参考一次成功的失败珀西·布莱克博罗于1914年加入欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士的“坚忍”号南极探险之旅。沙克尔顿是他那个时代最著名的探险家之一，作为他的探险队的一员被认为是一种极大的荣誉。以下是布莱克博罗的一些日记条目。1914……嗯，碰巧有一天早上，我买了一份报纸，看了一则关于南极探险的广告。和伟大的欧内斯