新闻报道、广告类等高考英语测试练习题

专题14新闻报道、广告类A【2018·全国I】Washington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.DurationTourThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseeaworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—thecherryblossoms—disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourInWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.Knowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemost,interestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线）makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyourbikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A.CherryBlossomlikeTourinWashington,D.C.B.WashingtoncapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople. B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseums. D.Enjoyinterestingstories.23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps. B.Cameras.C.Meals D.Safetylights【答案】21.A22.D23.D【解析】本文是一篇广告应用文.文章介绍了骑自行车到Washington,D.C.旅游的四中路线的相关行程及注意事项.23.细节理解题.根据文章WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour中的Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.可知,所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手电筒.故选D.点睛：本篇文章最容易出错的题是21题,究其原因是不熟悉词汇reserve的词义：预约.inadvance意为：提前.因此,高考前熟悉词汇和短语是重中之重的事情.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear在有效期和樱花消失前预约.A【2018·全国II】SummerActivitiesStudentsshouldreadthelistwiththeirparents/careers,andselecttwoactivitiestheywouldliketodo.Formswillbeavailableinschoolandonlineforthemtoindicatetheirchoicesandreturntoschool.Beforechoicesarefinalised,parents/careerswillbeaskedtosigntoconfirmtheirchild’schoices.ActivityDescriptionMemberofstaffCostOutdoorAdventure(OUT)Takeyourselfoutofyourcomfortzoneforaweek,discovernewpersonalqualities,andlearnnewskills.YouwillbeabletotakepartinanumberofactivitiesfromcanoeingtowildcampingonDartmoor.Learnrockclimbingandworkasateam,andenjoythegreatoutdoorenvironment.Mr.Clemens£140WWIBattlefieldsandParis(WBP)OnMondaywetraveltoLondon.AfterstayingovernightinLondon,wetravelonDay2tonorthernFrancetovisittheWorldWarIbattlefields.OnDay3wecrossintoBelgium.ThursdayseesusmaketheshortjourneytoPariswherewewillvisitDisneylandParispark,stayinguntillatetoseetheparadeandthefireworks.Ourfinalday,Friday,seesusvisitcentralParisandtourthemainsights.Mrs.Milson£425CraftyFoxes(CRF)Fourdaysofproductdesigncentredaroundtextiles.Makinglovelyobjectsusingrecycledandmadematerials.Bags,cushionsanddecorations...Learnskillsandleavewithmodernandunusualtextiles.Mrs.Goode£30PottyaboutPotter(POT)VisitWarnerBrosStudio,shopstoptobuypicnic,stayovernightinanapprovedYouthHostelinStreatley-on-Thames,guidedtourofOxfordtoseethefilmlocations,picniclunchoutsideOxford’sChristchurch,boatingontheRiverCherwellthroughtheUniversityParks,beforeheadingbacktoExeter.MissDrake£15021.Whichactivitywillyouchooseifyouwanttogocamping?A.OUT.B.WBP.C.CRF.D.POT.22.What

will

the

students

do

on

Tuesday

with

Mrs.

Wilson?A.Travel

to

London.B.See

a

parade

and

fireworks.C.Tour

central

Paris.D.Visit

the

WWI

battlefields.23.How

long

does

Potty

about

Potter

last?A.Two

days.B.Four

days.C.Five

days.D.One

week.【答案】21.A22.D23.A【解析】本文是一篇广告布告类说明文.文中讲述了家长和孩子一起挑选可以参加的活动.文中分别对这些活动的名称,活动内容,活动特色和活动组织工作人员还有活动的价格进行了详细的描述.21.细节理解题.根据题干中的gocamping,我们可以迅速浏览到第一个活动当中的wildcamping(野外露营)这个关键信息.故选A.23.细节理解题.根据题干中的信息PottyaboutPotterlast我们从最后一种活动来寻找答案.关键信息overnight意为“一夜的逗留”.故这个活动是持续两天.故选A.点睛：做广告布告类说明文题型时一定要先看题干,再从文中找答案.我们可以清楚的看到：这三道题是互相之间没有联系的并且都是根据题干中的关键信息就可以锁定某一段落直接找答案的.A【2018·全国III】WelcometoHolkerHall&GardensVisitorInformationHowtoGettoHolkerByCar：FollowbrownsignsanA590fromJB6,M6.Approximaletraveltimes:Windermere-20minutes,Kendal-25minutes,Lancaster-45minutes,Manchester-Ihour30minutes.ByRail:TheneareststationisCark-in-CartmelwithtrainstoCarnforth,LancasterPrestonforconnectionstomajorcities&airports.OpeningTimesSunday-Friday(closedonSaturday)11:00am-4:00pm,30March-2ndNovember.AdmissionChargesHall&GardensGardensAdults:£12.00£8.00Groups£9£5.5Producers:Market13thAprilJoinustotasteavarietyoffreshlocalfoodanddrinks.Meettheproducersandgetsomeexcellentrecipeideas.HolkerGardenFestival30thMayTheeventcelebrateits22ndanniversarywithagreatshowoftheverybestofgardening,makingitoneofthemostpopulareventsingardening.NationalGardenDay28thAugustHolkeronceagainopensisgardensinaidofthedisadvantaged.Forjustasmalldonationyoucantakeatourwithourgardenguide.WinterMarket8thNovemberThisisaneventforallthefamily.Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggifswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.21.HowlongdoesitprobablytakeatouristtodrivetoHolkerfromManchester?A.20minutes.B.25minutes.C.45minutes.D.90minutes.22.HowmuchshouldamemberofatourgrouppaytovisittoHall&Cardens?A.£l2.00.B.£9.00.C.£8.0D.£5.5023.Whicheventwillyougotoifyouwanttoseealivemusicshow?A.Producers'Market.B.HolkerGardenFestival.C.NationalGardenDay.D.WinterMarket.【答案】21.D22.B23.D【解析】文章为旅游指南.文章主要介绍了去HolkerHall&Garden旅游的相关信息,如：出行方式,开放时间,旅行费用以及主要活动等.21.细节理解题.根据第一段HowtoGettoHolker中Bycar里Approximatetraveltimes后面内容可知,从Manchester到Holker要用1hourand30minutes,即90分钟,故选D.22.细节理解题.根据AdmissionCharges可知,团体中的一员去Hall&Gardens需要支付9英镑.23.细节理解题.根据文章最后一段WinterMarket中最后一句Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggiftswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.可知,如果想去看现场表演需要去WinterMarket.故选D.【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持,这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要,同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础.命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章,以获得某些特定的信息,或准确地寻求所需的细节,并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解.文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型.（2）语言转述型.（3）语意理解型.（4）是非辨别型.（5）事实排序型.此题中的三题全为细节理解题.细节理解题首先要根据题干准确定位信息句,其次要对信息句进行准确的理解和判断,如第一题为转述型,1hourand30minutes,即90分钟.第二题和第三题则为简单的一一对应型,只要找到信息句即可得出答案.A【2018·天津卷】FirePreventionInformationTheUniversityofAdelaideemploysafull-timestaffoffirepreventionprofessionals.Theyinspectallcampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainallsprinkler(喷水灭火装置）systemsfirealarmsandfireextinguishers(灭火器).Theyalsoprovideeducationalprogramsorfiresafetyintheresidencehall.Wheneveryoumovetoanewarea,youshouldlocatethefirealarmpullstationsandthetwoexitsnearestyourroom.FireAlarmsThefloorsofallcampusbuildingsareequippedwithmanual(手动的）firealarmsystemswhichincludefirealarmpullstationsandpipes.Mostarealsoequippedwithautomaticfirealarmsystemsconsistingofheatdetectors,smokedetectorsandsprinklers.Foryoursafety,nevertamperwith(胡乱摆弄）thesesystems.Falsefirealarmsareillegalandmayleadtoimprisonment.FireDrillsAfiredrillwillbeconductedinyourresidencehalleverysemester.Duringafiredrill,pleasedothefollowing:·TakeyourroomkeyandID,closeandlockthedoortoyourroom.·Exitimmediatelyfromthenearestemergencyexitdonotusealift.·Meetoutsideofyourresidencehallandwaitforfurtherinstructions.FireExtinguishersFireextinguishersarelocatedoneachfloorandineachapartment.Useafireextinguisheronlyifyouhavebeentrainedtodoso.Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangeroussituationforotherresidentsandcouldresultindamagetopersonalproperty.Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines.SmokeDetectorAsmokedetectorisontheceilinginyourroom.Somebuildingsalsohaveheatdetectorsontheceilings.Dothefollowingtoensurethesafeoperationofyoursmokedetector:·Ifyoursmokedetectorisworkingproperly,theredlightshouldbeon.Iftheredlightisnotblinking（闪动）,contactresidencehallstaffimmediately.·Donotcoverorblockyoursmokedetectorinanyway.·Ifasmokedetectorsetsoffanalarmandthereisnofireorsmoke,informyourhallstaff.36.Whatisthemaindutyofthefirepreventionprofessionals?A.Toprovidepart-timejobsforstudents.B.Toleadthestudentstothenearestexits.C.Tocheckandmaintainfirepreventionequipment.D.Totrainteacherstobefirepreventionprofessionals.37.Whatdotheautomaticfirealarmsystemsinclude?A.Pipesandsmokedetectors.B.Smokedetectorsandsprinklers.C.Firealarmpullstationsandpipes.D.Sprinklersandfirealarmpullstations38.Inafiredrill,thestudentsshould________.A.rushquicklytoaliftB.gatheratthenearestexit.C.shutthedoorandleaveatonceD.waitforinstructionsinthehall39.Whatdoweknowabouttheuseoffireextinguishers?A.Usingthemwronglyresultsinpunishment.B.Irresponsibleuseofthemcandamagethem.C.Improperuseofthemcandestroytheapartment.D.Usingthemwithoutatrainerpresentisforbidden.40.Toensurethesafeoperationofthesmokedetector,oneshould_________.A.contactthehallstaffregularlyB.coverthethingsthatburneasilyC.startthesmokedetectorinafireD.makecertaintheredlightisworking【答案】36.C37.B38.C39.A40.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文.文章主要从火警、消防训练、灭火器和烟雾探测器的使用等方面介绍了一些防火信息.36.细节理解题.根据文章第一段Theyinspectallcampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainallsprinkler(喷水灭火装置）systemsfirealarmsandfireextinguishers(灭火器).可知,专职消防人员主要职责是检查、测试和维护所有的校园建筑物防火装备.故选C.38.细节理解题.根据文章FireDrills中的句子TakeyourroomkeyandID,closeandlockthedoortoyourroom.和Exitimmediatelyfromthenearestemergencyexitdonotusealift.可知,在消防演习中,学生锁好门并立即从最近的紧急出口离开.故选C.39.细节理解题.根据文章FireExtinguishers中的句子Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines.可知,误用灭火器会导致罚款.故选A.40.细节理解题.根据文章SmokeDetector中的句子Ifyoursmokedetectorisworkingproperly,theredlightshouldbeon.Iftheredlightisnotblinking（闪动）,contactresidencehallstaffimmediately.可知,烟雾探测器是否安全运行,看红灯是否闪动.故选D.点睛：文章内容较为简单,集中考查细节题,对此类题型,考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索,运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍,仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别.如小题3中C选择项中leaveatonce与文中的Exitimmediately表达的同一个意思；小题4中考生要理解文中fines（罚款）是A选择项中punishment（惩罚）的一种,这些都考生需要比较它们之间的细微区别.B【2018·北京卷】FindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation(航空)CenterIfyou’relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun.Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhatthey’restudyingintheclassroom.Forthetrainees,theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoearnmeritbadges(荣誉徽章).AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated(模拟)flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.TheAviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancetoearntheirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightandtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit(驾驶舱)ofavarietyofflightsimulators.TraineesalsogetagoodstartontheirWildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-andland-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchandrescueof＂downed＂pilot.Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprogramsforfamilieswithchildrenasyoungas7.Stayanhourorstayaweek—thereissomethinghereforeveryone!Formoredetails,pleasevisitusonlineat.40.WhydopeoplecometoSAC?A.Toexperienceadventures.B.Tolookforjobsinaviation.C.Togetadegreeinengineering.D.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.41.ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneedsto.A.flytospaceB.getanAviationbadgefirstC.studytheprinciplesofflightD.buildandfiremodelrockets42.Whatisthemostimportantfortrainees?A.Leadership. B.Teamspirit.C.Taskplanning. D.Survivalskills.C4[2018•北京卷]B【要点综述】本文是一篇广告应用文.文章主要从辉煌历史、学习内容和招收成员的要求三个方面介绍了SAC（宇航中心）的培训项目,并呼吁大家多多支持SAC.40.A细节理解题.根据文章第一段中的“Ifyou'relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)istheplacetobe.”可知,SAC可以提供独一无二的冒险经历.故选A.41.D细节理解题.根据文章第三段中的“AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated(模拟)flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.”可知,要想得到徽章,需要制作火箭模型并点火.故选D.42.B细节理解题.根据文章倒数第四段“Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.”可知,团队合作是被训练者最重要的素质.故选B.D【2018·江苏】 Childrenasyoungastenarebecomingdependentonsocialmediafortheirsenseofself-worth,amajorstudywarned. Itfoundmanyyoungsters(少年）nowmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublicapprovaltheygetonline,oftenthrough“like”.Somechangetheirbehaviorinreallifetoimprovetheirimageontheweb. Thereportintoyoungstersagedfrom8to12wascarriedoutbyChildren'sCommissioner(专员）AnneLongfield.Shesaidsocialmediafirmswereexposingchildrentomajoremotionalrisks,withsomeyoungstersstartingsecondaryschoolill-equippedtocopewiththetremendouspressuretheyfacedonline. Somesocialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysupposedlyrequireuserstobeatleast13.Theyoungstersadmittedplanningtripsaroundpotentialphoto-opportunitiesandthenmessagingfriends—andfriendsoffriends—todemand“likes”fortheironlineposts. Thereportfoundthatyoungstersfelttheirfriendshipscouldbeatriskiftheydidnotrespondtosocialmediapostsquickly,andaroundtheclock. Childrenaged8to10were"startingtofeelhappy"whenotherslikedtheirposts.However,thoseinthe10to12agegroupwere"concernedwithhowmanypeopleliketheirposts",suggestinga“need”forsocialrecognitionthatgetsstrongertheoldertheybecome. MissLongfieldwarnedthatagenerationofchildrenriskedgrowingup"worriedabouttheirappearanceandimageasaresultoftheunrealisticlifestylestheyfollowonplatforms,andincreasinglyanxiousaboutswitchingoffduetotheconstantdemandsofsocialmedia. Shesaid:"Childrenareusingsocialmediawithfamilyandfriendsandtoplaygameswhentheyareinprimaryschool.Butwhatstartsasfunusageofappsturnsintotremendouspressureinrealsocialmediainteractionatsecondaryschool." Astheirworldexpanded.shesaid,childrencomparedthemselvestoothersonlineinawaythatwas"hugelydamagingintermsoftheirself-identity,intermsoftheirconfidence,butalsointermsoftheirabilitytodevelopthemselves". MissLongfieldadded:"Thenthereisthispushtoconnect—ifyougooffline,willyoumisssomething,willyoumissout,willyoushowthatyoudon'tcareaboutthosepeopleyouarefollowing,allofthosecometogetherinahugewayatonce." "Forchildrenitisvery,verydifficulttocopewithemotionally."TheChildren'sCommissionerforEngland'sstudy—lifeinLikes—foundthatchildrenasyoungas8wereusingsocialmediaplatformslargelyforplay. However,theresearch—involvingeightgroupsof32childrenaged8to12—suggestedthatastheyheadedtowardtheirteens,theybecameincreasinglyanxiousonline. Bythetimetheystartedsecondaryschool—atage11—childrenwerealreadyfarmoreawareoftheirimageonlineandfeltunderhugepressuretoensuretheirpostswerepopular,thereportfound. However,theystilldidnotknowhowtocopewithmean-spiritedjokes,orthesenseofincompetencetheymightfeeliftheycomparedthemselvestocelebrities(名人）ormorebrilliantfriendsonline.Thereportsaidtheyalsofacedpressuretorespondtomessagesatallhoursoftheday—especiallyatsecondaryschoolwhenmoreyoungstershavemobilephones. TheChildren’sCommissionersaidschoolsandparentsmustnowdomoretopreparechildrenfortheemotionalminefield(雷区）theyfacedonline.Andshesaidsocialmediacompaniesmustalso"takemoreresponsibility".Theyshouldeithermonitortheirwebsitesbettersothatchildrendonotsignuptooearly,ortheyshouldadjusttheirwebsitestotheneedsofyoungerusers. JavedKhan,ofchildren'scharityBamardo's,said:"It'svitalthatnewcompulsoryage-appropriaterelationshipandsexeducationlessonsinEnglandshouldhelpequipchildrentodealwiththegrowingdemandsofsocialmedia. “It’salsohugelyimportantforparentstoknowwhichappstheirchildrenareusing.”65.Whydidsomesecondaryschoolstudentsfeeltoomuchpressure? A.Theywerenotprovidedwithadequateequipment. B.Theywerenotwellpreparedforemotionalrisks. C.Theywererequiredtogivequickresponses. D.Theywerepreventedfromusingmobilephones.66.Somesocialappcompaniesweretoblamebecause. A.theydidn'tadequatelychecktheirusers'registration B.theyorganizedphototripstoattractmoreyoungsters C.theyencouragedyoungsterstopostmorephotos D.theydidn'tstopyoungstersfromstayinguplate67.Children'scomparingthemselvestoothersonlinemayleadto. A.lessfriendlinesstoeachother B.lowerself-identityandconfidence C.anincreaseinonlinecheating D.astrongerdesiretostayonline68.AccordingtoLifeinLikes,aschildrengrew,theybecamemoreanxiousto. A.circulatetheirpostsquickly B.knowthequalitiesoftheirposts C.usemobilephonesforplay D.getmorepublicapproval69.Whatshouldparentsdotosolvetheproblem? A.Communicatemorewithsecondaryschools. B.Urgemediacompaniestocreatesaferapps. C.Keeptrackofchildren'suseofsocialmedia. D.Forbidtheirchildrenfromvisitingtheweb.70.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout? A.Theinfluenceofsocialmediaonchildren. B.Theimportanceofsocialmediatochildren. C.Theprobleminbuildingahealthyrelationship. D.Themeasuretoreducerisksfromsocialmedia.【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道,主要就“点赞中的人生”的项目研究分析了社交媒体和中学生面临的压力二者之间的关系,以及社交媒体对孩子们带来的多重影响.

65.B细节理解题.根据第二段“…socialmediafirmswereexposingchildrentomajoremotionalrisks,withsomeyoungstersstartingsecondaryschoolill-equippedtocopewiththetremendouspressuretheyfacedonline.”社交媒体公司让孩子们面临重大的情感风险,一些青少年在中学时就没有能力应对他们在网上面临的巨大压力可知,中学生还没有对情感风险做好充分的准备,所以他们感到压力巨大,故选B项.66.A细节理解题.根据第三段“Somesocialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysupposedlyrequireuserstobeatleast13”可知,尽管一些社交应用程序应该要求用户至少13岁,但是很受孩子们欢迎,一些社交应用软件公司没有严格按照年龄限制,也就是说他们没有严格检查用户注册,所以他们应该受到责备,故选A项.68.D推理判断题.根据第十一段和十二段的“Bythetimetheystartedsecondaryschool—atage11—childrenwerealreadyfarmoreawareoftheirimageonlineandfeltunderhugepressuretoensuretheirpostswerepopular”可知,他们要确保他们帖子是受欢迎的,所以他们很担心要获得更多的认可,故选D项.69.C细节理解题.根据第十四段“TheChildren’sCommissionersaidschoolsandparentsmustnowdomoretopreparechildrenfortheemotionalminefield(雷区)theyfacedonline.”以及第十五段“It’salsohugelyimportantforparentstoknowwhichappstheirchildrenareusing.”可知,学校和父母现在必须做更多的准备让孩子们面对他们所面临的情感雷区,所以父母要时刻关注孩子们的社交问题,故选C项.70.A主旨大意题.纵观全文,文章就社交媒体给中学生多带来的重大压力分析了社交媒体和中学生面临压力的二者关系,以及给孩子们所带来的影响,故选A项.2017年高考试题新闻报道类[2017·北京卷]CMeasles(麻疹),whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine(疫苗).Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti­vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.Thisiscalled“herdimmunity”,whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthosewhocan'tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleonwhomthevaccinedoesn'twork.Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.That'sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighbourhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty,California,where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth,toBrooklyn,NY,wherea17­year­oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk.Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout(决定不参加)ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten.Seventeenstatesallowparentstogetanexemption(豁免),sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoavaccine.Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout.Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions.Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.Butpersonalopinions?Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife­savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey'llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.63．Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat________．A．asmallnumberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrendB．theoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattentionC．anti­vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasonsD．informationaboutmeaslesspreadsquickly64．Herdimmunityworkswellwhen________．A．exemptionsareallowedB．severalvaccinesareusedtogetherC．thewholeneighbourhoodisinvolvedinD．newregulationsareaddedtothestatelaws65．Whatisthemainreasonforthecomebackofmeasles?A．Theoveruseofvaccine.B．Thelackofmedicalcare.C．Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself.D．Thevaccineopt­outsofsomepeople.66．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroducetheideaofexemption.B．Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.C．Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.D．Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.【文章大意】文章讲述了曾经致命但几乎消失了的麻疹又回来了,原因是少数人没有注射疫苗,以致他们自己及其他人的健康受损,作者借此呼吁人人都应该注射麻疹疫苗.63．A推理判断题.根据第二段中“…buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.”可知少量的麻疹患者也会引起巨大的危险,故答案为A.64．C细节理解题.根据第三段中“Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.”可知只有整个群体都加入时免疫才会起作用,故C选项正确.65．D细节理解题.根据第六段中“Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout…”可知法律使一些未按规定给孩子去注射疫苗的人太容易得到豁免,才使得麻疹再次回归,故答案为D.66．C写作意图题.根据最后一段中“Everyoneenjoysthelife­savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey'llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.”可以推断出本文的写作目的是强调接种疫苗的重要性,故C选项正确.【名师点睛】作者态度及写作意图推断每一篇文章都会包含作者的某种观点和态度,只不过有的直截了当,有的含而不露,有的通过所用词语的褒贬来体现.此类题可细分为作者态度题(表明作者的好恶)和作者观点题(表明作者对某事物的看法).准确把握作者的情感和态度,需要注意以下几点：1.作者对某一事物的看法,要么支持,要么反对,带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案.2.漠不关心类词语往往不对,既然写文章就不会不关心.3.不要把自己的态度揉入其中,也要区分作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度.4.当作者的态度没有明确提出时,要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性来判断.5.作者的观点一般与文章的主旨相关联.6.绝对化或语气过于强烈的选项常常是错误的,如:strong,complete,entire等.比如66题,本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害,以及为什么会有这样的情况,最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的,故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用,选C.[2017·浙江卷6月考]CFLORENCE,Italy—SvetlanaCojochrufeelshurt.TheMoldovanhaslivedheresevenyearsasacaregivertoItaliankidsandtheelderly,butinordertostayshe'shadtoproveherlanguageskillsbytakingatestwhichrequireshertowriteapostcardtoanimaginaryfriendandanswerafictionaljobad.ItalyisthelatestWesternEuropeancountrytryingtocontrolagrowingimmigrant(移民)populationbydemandinglanguageskillsinexchangeforworkpermits,orinsomecases,citizenship.Someimmigrantadvocatesworrythatashardfinancialtimesmakeitmoredifficultfornativestokeepjobs,suchmeasureswillbecomemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration(融合).Otherssayit'sonlynaturalthatnewcomerslearnthelanguageoftheirhostnation,seeingitasaconditiontoensuretheycancontributetosociety.OtherEuropeancountrieslaiddownasimilarrequirementforimmigrants,andsometermsareeventougher.Thegovernmentsarguethatthiswillhelpforeignersbetterjointhesocietyandpromoteunderstandingacrosscultures.Italy,whichhasamuchweakertraditionofimmigration,haswitnessedasharpincreaseinimmigrationinrecentyears.In1990,immigrantsnumberedsome1.14millionoutofItaly'sthen56.7millionpeople,orabout2percent.Atthestartofthisyear,foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto4.56millionofatotalpopulationof60.6million,or7.5percent,withimmigrants'childrenaccountingforaneverlargerpercentageofbirthsinItaly.Cojochru,theMoldovancaregiver,hopedobtainingpermanentresidence(居住权)wouldhelpherbringhertwochildrentoItaly;theylivewithhersisterinMoldova,wheresalariesareamongthelowestinEurope.Shewasskepticalthatthelanguagerequirementwouldencourageintegration.Italiansalways“seemeasaforeigner,”anoutsider,eventhoughshe'sstayedinthecountryforyearsandcanspeakthelocallanguagefluently,shesaid.28．WhydoesCojochruhavetotakealanguagetest?A.TocontinuetostayinItaly.B.ToteachherchildrenItalian.C.TofindabetterjobinItaly.D.TobettermixwiththeIt