2022年上海高考英语二轮讲义第10讲：时政新闻+阅读理解C学案

2022年上海高考英语二轮讲义

第10讲：时政新闻+阅读理解学生版

学习目标：1.了解时政内容2.扩充阅读词汇，增强理解能力；

引入：

Translation:

1.除非我们保持快速的经济增长，否则我们无法缩小我国与发达国家的差距。

(maintain)

2.虽然他已制订了不玩游戏的目标，我想他很难改掉这个坏习惯，因为他打网络游戏有瘾。

(obsessively)

3.只要目的明确、努力工作，你所做的贡献迟早会得到承认。(recognize)

4.虽然目标未达到，但是一个良好的基础已经奠定，因为能源节约问题受到前所未有的关

注。(unprecedented)

5.为了迎合公众的需求，室内体育馆将在老房子被拆迁掉的地方新建。(thepublic)

6.虽然做志愿者意味着没有收入，但是就你从帮助别人中得到的满足而言，这工作还是很

有价值的。(intermsof)

7.当我成年时，我父母除了给我更多责任外,也给了我更多自由。(responsibilities)

8.如果他开不起玩笑，那么意味着别人开他玩笑时他会生气。(joke)

9.汤姆付完账单后，可开支的钱所剩无几。(disposable)

10.如果你能领会老师给的有关即将来临的测验的暗示，你肯定能考出好成绩。(hints)

1

Passage1

TheSeoulcitygovernmentsaidonTuesdayitwillcancelthelicenseoftheShincheonjiChurch

duetoitsresponsibilityinthelarge-scalespreadoftheCOVID-19inthecountry.According

tothelocalgovernment,Shincheonjiisbelievedtobeaccountableforthedamageitcaused

tothepublicandhasdecidedtorevokeitslegalentitylicensebylaw.Sofar,overhalfofthe

confirmedcasesinthecountryarerelatedtothereligiousgroup.

由于新天地教会导致新冠肺炎大规模传播，首尔市政府周二表示将取缔其执照。据当地政府,

新天地教会应当承当给公众带来伤害的责任并决定吊销其执法人执照。截止到目前为止，韩

国过半的确诊病例均与新天地教会有关

Vocabularyandusefulexpressions

•large-scalespread大规模传播

•beaccountablefor对…负责

•revoke撤回；取缔；吊销

•legalentitylicense合法人执照

passage2

TheIranianhealthministeronThursdaysaidallschools,universitiesandeducationalinstitutions

willremaincloseduntilMarch20asthetotalnumberofconfirmedCOVID-19casesroseto3,513

inthecountry,IranianstateTVreported.

伊朗卫生部门周四表示所有的中小学，大学及培训机构将停课至3月20日。伊朗国家电视

台报道伊朗境内新冠肺炎确诊数量已经增加至3513例。

remaincloseduntilMarch20停课至3月20日

totalnumberof总数量为.…

知识点1：考题类型总结

阅读理解常考题型和解题技巧归纳

1、主旨题

解题关键：

1）通读全文，重视首段，注意每段第一句话（尤其是论述性或说明性文章）；

2）归纳文章的段落大意，把握文章总体；

3）（记叙文）重视重要情节、人物及事物特征；

4）注意观察，找准贯穿上下文的关键词汇；

5）重视题干中的关键词汇:mainidea,thebesttitle,thewritermainlywantstotell（or:

）

show0

2、推断题

I.常见的推理判断题的设问方式：

推测作者写作目的或意图的设题形式有：

1）Thepurposeinwritingthistextisto.

2）Theauthorwritesthispassageto.

3）Theauthorinthispassageintendsto.

2

推测文章的观点或结论的设题形式有：

1)Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

2)Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

3)Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat.

推断文章出处的设题形式有：

1)Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom.

2)Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?

3)Thepassageismostlikelyapartof.

是非判断题的设题方式：

1)whichofthefollowingis(not)trueorfalse?

2)Allofthefollowingstatementsarewrongexcept.

3)Allofthefollowingstatementsareright/trueexcept.

4)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassage/text?

II.推理判断题的推理原则---在文中有依据，但不能是原句，即为言外之意！细节类表述

非答案。

3、词义推测题

考查根据材料背景和上下文等线索推测词、句的确切含义的能力。这类试题包括对生词

生义的推测、熟词生义的推测、以及对it/they/them等代词的确指对象的判断等。

基本的技巧：

1.根据词或词组的指代对象确定其词义

2.根据文段中出现的同义、近义或反义词(词组)的意思进行判断

3.根据下文的举例或解释推测词义

4.根据逻辑关系进行判断

5.根据同位结构进行判断

6.根据句子结构进行判断

7.根据构词法猜词义

4、细节题

细节题的解题要点是一定要对应到语篇中相应的语句，找到问题的出处。“找到即做到”

是细节题的解题秘钥。

知识点2:长难句结构分析最新经典句

1.TheAmericaneconomicsystemis.organizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-

orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspending

theirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.

［参考译文］美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费

3

者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出

来。

2.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupled

withthedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximize

theirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareused

toproduceit.

［参考译文］因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望

和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用

来制造它们。

3.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswill

tendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnw川lowerthepriceand

permitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.

［参考译文］另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和

制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。

4.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlythe

ownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodetermine

thepriceofaproductor??tomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.

［参考译文］在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特

定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体（经济单位）自由签定合同的权利。

5.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployers

arethemostefficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.

Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcampaigns.

［参考译文］同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相

应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们（计算机）也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。

6.Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgas

andelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumers

throughtheuseofcomputers.

［参考译文］不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处

理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。

7.ExceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameageFor

thesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedto

thosedifferences.

［参考译文］残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人

后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。

8.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepast

three??decadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheir

special??conditions,deserve??theopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.

［参考译文］在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中

4

的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力

的机会。

9.Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,thereby

establishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexport

at??competitiveprices.

［参考译文］它（广告）能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以（使公司）

建立一个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。

10.Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsofParliamentgovernthetermsofadvertising,

noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfailstoliveuptothepromiseofhis

advertisements.

［参考译文］除去议会有27件法案来规范广告的条件，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推销

一种商品却不能兑现其在广告中的承诺。

（2）解题思路

能力培养一如何提高阅读速度

理解的正确率和速度是阅读成败的关键，提高英语阅读速度可从以下几方面入手：

1、统览全篇摘要点

阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解,

而不是断章取义的一孔之见。在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为一些显性的答案是

可以从要点中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。统览全篇，摘录

要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。

2、注重长难句理解

遇到长句、复杂句，如果分析好句子成分，找到中心句、关键词、指代词等，这个问题

就会被很好地解决。难句多为长句，即主从复合句、主从并列复合句或者从句中有多种形式

的定语、状语，有时伴有倒装、省略等现象。长句中通常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对

于这类句子要分清主次，先找主干。

例如：Parentswhosechildrenshowaspecialinterestinaparticularsporthaveadifficult

decisiontomakeabouttheirchildren'scareer.

先找出本句的主、谓、宾为.再找出修饰语"whosechildrenshow

aspecialinterestinaparticularsport"为的定语从句，形容词"difficult”修

饰,"tomakeabouttheirchildren'scareers"为不定式和介词短语做

的定语。经过分析，化整为零，化繁为简，此句就不难理解了。

3、分门别类识文体

阅读速度与其话题有很大的关系。如果话题是自己熟悉的内容，阅读速度自然加快；反

之，如果话题如果陌生，阅读速度便会很慢。所以扩大知识面，多掌握一些文化背景知识,

了解当今英语国家历史文化、人物传记、科技教育等方面的社会知识对提高阅读速度是极其

重要的。

不同文体阅读的要求与方法不尽相同。记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素,即时间、地点、人

5

物和事件的起因、发展和结果，以及人物之间的关系、表现，从中分析他们思想品质、性格

特征等；遁这是阐明作者对人或事的好坏的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的

论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理得出结论；应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，

它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简历，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格、地址、

网址等，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。

4、利用词缀猜词意

高中英语学科教学基本要求规定：学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含

有3%生词的语言材料。换言之，这就是促使知识内化的过程，要通过知识内化将内隐的心

理活动转换为外显的行为。

根据构词法猜测词意：

前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy,fair、unfair,important、unimportant等。

后缀表名词，如、、

-mentdevelopdevelopment,statesstatement,argueargument

等。

后缀、或表同源名词，如、、

-er-or-istcalculatecalculator,visitvisitor,lawxlawyer,

waitswaiter,science、scientist,art、artist等。

5、限时训练不可少

任何一种技能的获得都必须经过大量的实践练习。在平时的阅读训练中，要注重进行限

时阅读训练，在平时的训练中有意识地锻炼自己的阅读速度。

另外，在做题时，从整体上把握、控制时间：一两处没弄懂的地方可以暂时搁置一边，

等把全部题答完了，再回过头来处理，往往会产生新的思路和新的灵感。

1,天文与科技

(C)

Agroupofcollegestudentsishopingtoplaceasatellitepoweredonlybywaterintoan

。做(轨道)aroundthemoon.

ThestudentsarefromCornellUniversityinthestateofNewYork.Theyaretakingpart

inacompetitioncalledtheCubeQuestChallenge.ItisaprogramofNASA,theAmerican

spaceagency.TheCornellteamiscalledtheCisLunarExplorers.Thewordcislunarmeans

"betweentheearthandthemoon.”

Thechallengeissimple:todesign,buildanddeliver"light-qualified,smallsatellites."

NASAofficialssaythesatellitesmustbeabletoperform"advancedoperationsnearand

beyondthemoon.”

Tenteamsaretakingpartinthecompetition.ButtheCisLunarExplorersatellitesare

different.Theyaretheonlyonesusingwatertopowertheirspacecraft.

Theideaforawater-poweredvehiclecamefromMasonPeck,whoworksatCornell

University.HeonceworkedasNASA1schieftechnologist.Hehasalwayswantedtouse

somethingotherthanrocketstopushspacecraftbeyondearth."Alotofthemasswesend

intoorbitthesedaysisintheformofrockets--theonlywaywegetanythingintospace/*

hesaid,inaCornellpressrelease.uButwhatifwecouldusewhat'salreadythere?Ifwe

6

coulddothat,ifwecouldre-fuelspacecraftwhiletheyarealreadyinspace..

ThespacecraftisshapedliketheEnglishletterL.Itmeasuresabout30centimetersin

length,andthetwopiecesareconnected.Waterisstoredinthelowerpartofthesatellite.

Thesunwillseparatethewaterintotwoelements:hydrogenandoxygen.Whenonecombines

hydrogenandoxygenwithaspark(火花),anexplosionresults.Thisprovidesaforward

movement,knownasthrust.

TheCisLunarExplorerteamhasanunusualwaytoguideitsspacecraft.Theideaisto

copyhowold-timesailorsusedthemoon,sunandstarstofixtheirpositionontheoceans.

Thesatelliteisequippedwithcameras.Thecameraswilltakepicturesofthesun,theearth

andthemoonandcomparetheirpositionsandtheirsizes.Basedonwherethesun,moon

andearthareatanygiventime,theCisLunarExplorerswilldothemathematicstofindtheir

position.

Thecompetitionisbeingheldinfourparts.TheCornellteamhasbeenamongthetop

threecompetitorsduringpartsoneandtwo.Thewinnersofthethirdstagewillbeannounced

inaboutamonth.Thefinalthreewinnerswillbeannouncedinearly2017.Theywillgetto

rideonNASAsspacelaunchsysteminearly2018.

63.Theessentialpartofthecompetition"theCubeQuestChallengeis.

A.tolaunchasatellitetotakeawateryflighttothemoon

B.todesign,buildanddeliverasmallandflight-qualifiedsatellite

C.toplaceasatellitepoweredonlybywaterintoanorbitaroundthemoon

D.tomakethesatelliteperformadvancedoperationsnearandbeyondthemoon

64.WhatdoesMasonPeckwanttodoatCornellUniversityaccordingtothepassage?

A.Tostopusingrocketsforthesakeofsafety.

B.Tousesomethingalreadyinspaceaspower.

C.Totryusingwaterinspacetopushspacecraft.

D.Todesignawater-poweredvehicletopushspacecraft.

65.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____.

A.thereisalotofrubbishofrocketsandsatellitesintheorbitthesedays

B.awater-poweredsatellitewillsoonbesentintotheorbitaroundthemoon

C.theexplosionofthecombinationofhydrogenandoxygenprovidespower

D.theteammembersoftheCisLunarExplorersarethestudentsofMasonPeck

66.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.ASpacecraftPoweredbyWater

B.AWater-PoweredFlighttotheMoon

C.ACompetitionforWater-PoweredSatellite

D.ADesignofWater-PoweredSpaceJourney

(C)

OnDecember14,NASA(NationalAeronauticsandSpace)blastedasmallbutmighty

telescopeintospace.ThetelescopeiscalledWISEandisaboutaswidearoundasatrashcan.

Don'tletitssmallsizefoolyou:WISEhasapowerfuldigitalcamera,anditwillbetaking

picturesofsomethewildestobjectsintheknownuniverse,includingasteroids,faintstars,

blazinggalaxies3andgiantcloudsofdustwhereplanetsandstarsarebom.

'Tmveryexcitedbecausewe'regoingtobeseeingpartsoftheuniversethatwehaven't

7

seenbefore,"saidNedWright,ascientistwhodirectstheWISEproject.

Sincearrivinginspace,theWISEtelescopehasbeencirclingtheEarth,heldbygravityina

polarorbit（thismeansitcrossesclosetothenorthandsouthpoleswitheachlap（一圈）.Its

cameraispointedoutward,awayfromtheEarth,andWISEwillsnapapictureofadifferent

partoftheskyevery11minutes.Aftersixmonthsitwillhavetakenpicturesacrosstheentire

sky.

ThepicturestakenbyWISEwon'tbelikeeverydaydigitalphotographs,however.WISE

standsfor"Wide-fieldInfraredSurveyExplorer.nAsitsnamesuggests,theWISEcamera

takespicturesoffeaturesthatgiveoffinfraredradiation.

Radiationisenergythattravelsasawave.Visiblelight,includingthefamiliarspectrumof

Light（光谱）thatbecomesvisibleinarainbow,isanexampleofradiation.Whenanordinary

digitalcameratakesapictureofatree,forexample,itreceivesthewavesofvisiblelightthat

arereflectedoffthetree.Whenthesewavesenterthecamerathroughthelens,they're

processedbythecamera,whichthenputstheimagetogether.

Wavesofinfraredradiationarelongerthanwavesofvisiblelight,soordinarydigital

camerasdon'tseethem,andneitherdotheeyesofhumanbeings.Althoughinvisibletothe

eye,longerinfraredradiationcanbedetectedaswarmthbytheskin.

That'sakeyideatowhyWISEwillbeabletoseethingsothertelescopescan't.

Noteverythingintheuniverseshowsupinvisiblelight.Asteroids,forexample,aregiant

rocksthatfloatthroughspace-buttheyabsorbmostofthelightthatreachesthem.They

don'treflectlight,sothey'redifficulttosee.Buttheydogiveoffinfraredradiation,soan

infraredtelescopelikeWISEwillbeabletoproduceimagesofthem.DuringitsmissionWISE

willtakepicturesofhundredsofthousandsofasteroids.

Browndwarfs（褐矮星）areanotherkindofdeep-spaceobjectthatwillshowupinWISE's

pictures.Theseobjectsare"failed"stars-whichmeanstheyarenotmassiveenoughto

jumpstart9thesamekindofreactionsthatpowerstarssuchasthesun.Instead,browndwarfs

simplyshrinkandcooldown.They'resodimthatthey'realmostimpossibletoseewithvisible

light,butintheinfraredspectrumtheyglow.

74.WhatissospecialaboutWISE?

A.Itsdigitalcameracanhelpastronomerstoseetheunknownspace.

BItisassmallasatrashcan.

C.Itissmallinsizebutcarriesalargecamera.

DNeverbeforehasatelescopecarriedadigitalcamerainspace.

75.ThecameraonWISE.

A.isnodifferentfromanordinarycamera.

B.doesnotseeinfraredradiationwhiletheordinarycameradoes.

C.catchestheinfraredradiationwhiletheordinarycameradoesnot.

D.reflectslightthathumaneyescansee.

76.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrectabouf'asteroids"accordingtoparagraph7?

A.Asteroidsdonotreflectlightthatreachesthem.

B.Asteroidsfloatthroughspacegivingoffvisiblelight.

C.Itisdifficulttotakeasteroids'picturesbyordinarycameras.

D.TheWISEtelescopecantakepicturesofasteroids

8

77.Whatisimpliedinthelastparagraph?

A.Browndwarfsgiveoffvisiblelight.

B.Browndwarfsarepowerstarslikethesun.

C.Browndwarfsgiveoffinfraredradiation.

D.BrowndwarfsareimpossibletoseewiththeWISEtelescope.

2,经济类

(C)

(1)Whatdoesitsayaboutthefutureofmeatwhenthecountry*slargestprocessor

ofchicken,pork,andbeefbuysastake(月殳份)inastart-upthataimsto"perfectlyreplace

animalproteinwithplantprotein"?

(2)TysonFoodsannouncedthisweekthatitpurchaseda5percentstakeinBeyond

Meat,theSouthernCalifornia-basedfood-techstart-upthatmadeheadlinesearlierthisyear

withitsveggieburgerthatreportedlycooksandtasteslikerealbeef.

(3)Tobesure,BeyondMeat1smeatlesscreationshaveyettotakethecountryby

storm.Althoughthe100percentplant-basedburgershaveachievedplentyofpositivepress

sincetheyappearedforthefirsttimeinMay,sofarthey*reonlyavailableatWholeFoods

storesinsevenstates.Eventhoughthecompany's"chicken"strips,"beef"pies,and

meatlessfrozendinnersareavailablenationwide,BeyondMeatishardlyahouseholdname.

(4)ThatmaybewhatmakesthenewsofTyson1sinvestmentallthemorenoteworthy.

Whilethetwocompaniesdeclinedtogivedetailsaboutthedeal,itisdoubtfulthatTyson's

5percentstakemademuchofdent(凹陷)inthemeatgianfscoffers(金库).Thecompany

posted$41.4billioninsaleslastyear,priortothedealwithTyson,BeyondMeathad

reportedlyraised$64millioninprojectcapitalfunding-aboutwhatTysonearnsbeforelunch

onanygivenday.

(5)Tysonisdoingprettygreat.Thecompanyreportedrecordthird-quarterearnings

pershareinAugustandsaysthatitexpectsoverallmeatproductiontoincrease2to3percent

duringthenextfinancialyear.Butlikeabigoilcompanyshellingoutcashtoinvestinwind

power,Tyson'stoe-in-the-watermovetoteamupwithastart-updevotedtobringing

moreplant-basedproteintoAmericandinnertablesseemstosuggestthemeatindustryis

startingtoseewhichwaythewindsareblowing.

(6)Salesofplant-basedprotein,whichtotaledanestimated$5billionlastyear,

continuetopalecomparedwithmarketformeatinAmerica-butvegetarianalternativesto

meatarebooming,withsalesgrowingatmorethandoubletherateforfoodproductsoverall.

Thesteadydrumbeatofnewsaboutthenegativehealthimpacts,environmentalproblems,

andanimalwelfareconcernsassociatedwithmeatconsumptionappearstobesinkingin.

AccordingtoasurveyreleasedinApril,morethanhalfAmericanssurveyedsaidtheyplanto

eatmoreplant-basedfoodsinthecomingyear.

9

63.BeyondMeat'sveggieburgermadeheadlinesprobablybecause.

A.itmakesperfectuseofanimalprotein

B.ituseshightechinthemakingprocess

C.ittastesasgoodasagenuinebeefburger

D.itrepresentsthediettrendinSouthCalifornia

64.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEregardingthestateofBeyondMeat?

A.Itisthecreatorofthecountry1sfirst100percentplant-basedburgers.

B.Ithasbeenwellreceivedasitsproductsareavailablenationwide.

C.ItisfarfrombeingamatchtorealfoodprocessinggiantslikeTyson.

D.Itprovideshigh-qualitydiningexperienceinselectedWholeFoodsstores.

65.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?

A.ThepurchaseofthestakebarelycostsathingforTyson.

B.The5percentstakeinBeyondMeatmeansalottoTyson.

C.Tyson1sinvestmenthasn'tcaughttheattentionofthemediaasexpected

D.Tysonisrelyingonthisinvestmenttoraisemoreprojectcapitalfunding.

65.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Meatwillstilltakeoverthemarketinspiteofotheralternatives

B.AmajorAmericanmeatcompanyisbettingonplant-basedprotein

C.TysonandBeyondMeatworktogethertobuildaglobalmeatgiant.

D.Plantshavebeenfoundtocontainproteinthatdoesmoregoodtohumanbeings

（C）

Forthemostpart,itseems,workersinrichcountrieshavelittletofearfromglobalization,

andalottogain.Butisthesamethingtrueforworkersinpoorcountries?Theansweristhat

theyareevenmorelikelythantheirrich-countrycounterparts（地位相当的人）tobenefit,

becausetheyhavelesstoloseandmoretogain.

Traditionaleconomicstakesanoptimisticlineonintegration（整合）andthedeveloping

countries.Opennesstoforeigntradeandinvestmentshouldencouragecapitaltoflowto

pooreconomies.Inthedevelopingworld,capitalisscarce,sothereturnsoninvestmentthere

shouldbehigherthanintheindustrializedcountries,wherethebestopportunitiestomake

moneybyaddingcapitaltolabourhavealreadybeenusedup.Ifpoorcountrieslowertheir

barrierstotradeandinvestment,thetheorygoes,richforeignerswillwanttosendoversome

oftheircapital.

Ifthisinflowofresourcesarrivesintheformofloansorportfolioinvestment

itwilltopupdomesticsavingsandloosenthefinancialrestrictiononadditionalinvestment

bylocalcompanies.Ifitarrivesintheformofnewforeign-controlledoperations,FDI,somuch

thebetter:thiskindofcapitalbringstechnologyandskillsfromabroadpackagedalongwith

it,withlessfinancialriskaswell.Ineithercase,theadditiontoinvestmentoughttopush

10

incomesup,partlybyraisingthedemandforlabourandpartlybymakinglabourmore

productive.

ThisiswhyworkersinFDI-receivingcountriesshouldbeinanevenbetterpositionto

profitfromintegrationthanworkersinFDI-sendingcountries.Also,withorwithoutinflowsof

foreigncapital,thesamegainsfromtradeshouldapplyindevelopingcountriesasinrich

ones.Thisgainsfromtradelogicoftenarousessuspicion,becausethebenefitsseemtocome

fromnowhere.Surelyonesideortheothermustlose.Notso.Thebenefitsthatarichcountry

getsthroughtradedonotcomeattheexpenseofitspoorcountrytradingpartners,orvice

versa.Recallthataccordingtothetheory,tradeisapositivesumgame.Inallthesetrades,

bothsides—exportersandimporters,borrowersandlenders,shareholdersandworkerscan

gain.

74.Whyareworkersinpoorcountriesmorelikelytobenefitfromtheprocessofglobalization?

A.Theycangetmorechancestogainagoodjob.

B.Theycangetmorefinancialaid.

C.Theyhavenothingtolose.

D.Theyhavelesstoloseandmoretogain.

75.Whatcanbethefinalresultoftheinflowoftheresource?

A.Itwilltopupdomesticsavings.

B.Itwillloosenthefinancialrestriction.

C.Itwillpushpeople'sincomesup.

D.Itwillbringtechnologyandskillsfromabroad.

76.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?

A.Poorcountriesgetthemostprofitduringtheprocessoftrade.

B.Richcountriesgetprofitfromtradeatpoorcountries1expense.

C.Poorcountriesgetmoreprofitfromtradethanrichones.

D.Allaspectsinvolvedinthetradecangetbenefit.

77.Whichcanbethemostappropriatetitleforthispassage?

A.BenefitedorHurtB.WhoBenefitstheMost

C.HelpingthePoorD.TheInflowofResources

3,人文与文学

(C)

Spain1sLiteraryGenius

Fourcenturiesago,theauthorofoneofthegreatestcomediccharactersintheworld

literaturetookhislastbreath.MigueldeCervantes(1547-1616),theauthorofDonQuixote,

istotheSpanishwhatShakespeareistotheEnglishandDanteistoItalians-anationalliterary

icon.

11

Cervantes'bookisstillappreciatedtoday,hundredsofyearsafteritspublication,

becauseifsawonderfullytruthfulcomedy.DonQuixote,likehumanbeingsgenerally,has

greatdifficultydistinguishingrealityfromimagination.Readersmaylaughathisstrange

behavior,butwhenwelaugh,welaughwithrecognition.

ThebookrecordstheadventuresofAlonsoQuijano,anolderSpanishgentlemanwho

lovesromancenovels.Intruth,hereadsfartoomanyromances,andtheyhaveaffectedhis

mind.Quijanoissomixedupthathedecidesthathemustbecomeaknighthimself.Imagine

acomicbookfanwhodecidestodressupasasuperherotofightcrime,andyou*IIgetthe

picture.

Settingthescene

AlonsoQuijanoreinventshimselfas“DonQuixotedeLaMancha",anaristocratic（贵

族的）namethatsuitshisambitionofbeingaknight.Next,sinceeveryknightneedsahorse,

hefindshimselfanoldonenamedRocinante.ButRocinanteisnotexactlycutoutforlifeas

aknight1shorse.He'stiredfromyearsoffarmwork.He'sunlikelytobeofmuchhelpin

anyfightagainstanenemy.

TheheroesintheromancesQuijanoreadsallhadaladytolove.Theywerehighborn,

liketheknightsthemselves.QuijanochoosesAldonzaLorenzo,afarmer,sdaughter,tobe

hisbeloved.Shebecomes"DulcineadelTobosoM,or"thesweetwomanofToboso".

HowdoesAldonzafeelaboutQuijano1sattentions?Shedoesn'tfeelmuchatall,actually.

AldonzaisyetanotherbyproductofQuijano*simagination,likesomanythings.

Findingasidekick

NowcomesCervantes1secondgreatcreation:SanchoPanza.Onceservantin

Quijano'shouse,Panzaispromotedtotheroleofsquire（随从），becauseeveryself-

respectingknightneedsasquire.Panzahasasensibleheadonhisshoulders,andheisafoil

（衬托）tohisfoolishmaster.

Thepairfacesmanyadventures,butnoneareasheroicasaknight'sshouldbe.We

laugh,ratherthancry,asweread.Quijanotriestoactonbehalfofjustice,buthedoesn't

oftensucceed.

Cervantes1novelinspiredawordthatsumsupQuijano'sromanticnature:

“quixotic”.InEn