2022届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项练习

学校：姓名：班级：考号：

一、阅读理解

l.Acheapprintedsensorcouldtransmitwildfirewarnings.Wildfireshaverecentlydestroyedregions

acrosstheworld,andtheirgravityisincreasing.Hopingtoreduceharm,researchersledbyYapeiWang,a

ChinesechemistofRenminUniversity,saytheyhavedevelopedaninexpensivesensortodetectsuchfires

earlierwithlesseffort.

Currentdetectionmethodsrelyheavilyonhumanwatchfulness,whichcandelayaneffective

response.Mostwildfiresarereportedbythegeneralpublic,andotheralertscomefromroutinefoolpatrols

andwatchtowerobservers.Passingplanesandsatellitesalsooccasionallyspotsomething,but"thefirefirst

appearsontheground,'1Wangsays."Whenyouseethefirefromthesky,itistoolate."

Theteamsaysitsnewsensorcanbeplacedneartreetrunks'basesandsendawirelesssignaltoa

nearbyreceiverifthereisadramatictemperatureincrease.Thatheatalsopowersthesensoritself,without

replacingbatteries.Theteamprintedthesubstancesontoordinarypapertocreateasensorforjust$0.40.

Butimprovingcoordinationamongthedifferentagenciesinvolvedinfirefightingisevenmore

crucialtoaddress,saysGrahamKent,anearthquakeexpertattheUniversityofNevada,Reno,whowas

notpartofthestudy.KentisdirectorofALERTWildfire,anetworkthatusescamerasandcrowdsourcing

towatchforfiresinCalifornia,NevadaandOregon."Thewholewaythatyourespondtoafireuntilit*s

putoutislikeaballet,"hesays."You'dhavetochoreograph（设计）itjustso,withresourcespreciselyused

attherighttimeandplaceandintherightorderfromdetectiontoconfirmationtoassignmentto

extinguishment（熄灭）.Firedetectionisjuststepone."

Wangsayshisteam'snextstepsaretoextendthedevice'ssignalrangebeyondthecurrent100meters,

whichcanlimitpracticaluse,andtodevelopaprotectiveshieldfbrit.Thetransmitterseffectiveness,he

notes,willalsoneedtobeexaminedinthefieldahead.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gravity"inparagraph1probablymean?

A.Pull.B.Extinction.C.Popularity.D.Severity.

2.Whatdoweknowaboutthesensor?

A.Itspriceremainshigh.B.Itsbatteriesarereplaceable.

C.Itcandetectfiresearlierandeasier.D.Itcanreducefirefighters*pain.

3.WhatdoesKentmeaninparagraph4?

A.Firefightingiseasybutcrucial.

B.Firedetectionresourcesarerich.

C.Puttingoutafireisanorderlyactivity.

D.Technologyisthekeytoextinguishingafire.

4.WhafstheplanforthenewsensoraccordingtoWang?

A.Improvingandtestingit.B.Limitingitsuseandtransmission.

C.Examingandreducingitssignalrange.D.Gettingitonthemarketaheadoftime.

2.Improvementstoenergyefficiency,suchasLEDlights,areseenbymanyauthoritiesasatop

priorityforcuttingcarbonemissions.Yetagrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatareboundeffectcould

wipeoutmorethanhalfofthesavingsfromenergyefficiencyimprovements,makingthegoalsoftheParis

Agreementonclimatechangeevenhardertohit.

AteamledbyPaulBrockwayattheUniversityofLeeds,UK,lookedattheexisting33studiesonthe

impactofthereboundeffect.Firstcomesthedirectrebound:forinstance,whensomeonebuysamore

efficientcar,theymaytakeadvantageofthatbydrivingitfurther.Thencomestheindirectrebound:fuel

savingsleavetheownerwithmoremoneytospendelsewhereintheeconomy,consumingenergy.

Althoughthe33studiesuseddifferentmethodstomodelthereboundeffect,theyproducedvery

consistentestimatesofitsimpact,leadingtheteamtoconcludethattheeffectwipesout,onaverage,63

percentoftheanticipatedenergysavings.

“We'renotsayingenergyefficiencydoesn'twork.Whatwe'resayingisreboundneedstobetaken

moreseriously,“saysBrockway.

Theideathatincreasedefficiencymaynotdeliverthehoped-forsavingsdatesbacktotheJevons

paradox（悖论）,namedaftertheeconomistWilliamStanleyJevons,who,in1865,observedthatmore

efficientcoaluseledtomoredemandforcoal.

Ifthereboundeffectdoesprovetobeasbigassuggested,itmeansfutureglobalenergydemandwill

behigherthanexpectedandtheworldwillneedfarmorewindandsolarpowerandcarbon-capture

technologythaniscurrentlybeingplannedfor.

Butthatdoesn'tmeannothingcanbedonetolimitthereboundeffect.Oneansweristodoubledown

onenergyefficiencyanddotwiceasmuchtoachievethesameeffect.

1.Whichofthefollowingisareboundeffect?

A.AmanusesLEDlightstocutcarbonemissions.

B.Acompanyusescoalmoreefficientlytoreducewaste.

C.Afamilysavesmoneybyusingenergysavingdevices.

D.Aladyspendssavingsfromherfuelefficientcaronmoreclothes.

2.HowdidPaulBrockway*steamcarryouttheirresearch?

A.Byinterviewingeconomists.B.Byanalyzingformerstudies.

C.Bymodelingthereboundeffect.D.BydebatingabouttheJevonsparadox.

3.WhatwouldPaulBrockwayprobablyagreewith?

A.Authoritiesshoulddismissenergyefficiency.

B.Worldwideeffortstopreserveenergyareinvain.

C.Thereboundeffecthelpsprotecttheenvironment.

D.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtothereboundeffect.

4.Whafstheauthor'sattitudetowardslimitingthereboundeffect?

A.Positive.B.Pessimistic.C.Doubtful.D.Disapproving.

3.Wecanrecognizeourfriends*faces.Manysocialanimalscanalsoidentifyindividualsoftheirown

speciesbytheirfacialfeatures.That*simportant,becausetheyneedtobeabletoadjusttheirbehavior

dependingonwhotheymeet.Andresearchhasshownthatsomespeciesofmonkeys,birds,and

domesticated（驯养的）animalscanevendistinguishamongdifferentfacesbylookingatphotographsalone.

Scientistshavealsowonderedwhetherdomesticatedanimalsthathavecoexistedwithpeoplefor

thousandsofyearscanrecognizedifferenthumanfaces.LeaLansadeofFrance'sNationalResearch

InstituteforAgriculture,FoodandEnvironmentisoneofthem.Herexperimentonhorsesprovidesinsight

intothis.

Sheandherteamfirsttaughtthehorseshowto"choose"betweentwoside-by-sideimagesbytouching

theirnosestoacomputerscreen.Thehorseswerethenshownphotosoftheirpresentkeeperalongside

facesofunfamiliarhumans.Theyhadneverseenphotosofanyofthepeoplebefore.Thehorsescorrectly

identifiedtheirpresentkeeperandignoredthestranger'sfaceabout75%ofthetime,significantlybetter

thanchance.

What'smore,thehorsesalsopreferentiallypickedphotosoftheirpreviouskeeper—apersonthey

hadn'tseeninsixmonths.Infact,eventhoughthehorsesdidn'tgetitrighteverysinglelime,theywereat

leastasaccurateinpickingouttheirpreviouskeeperastheywereinidentifyingtheirpresentone.The

resultssuggestthatnotonlycanhorsesdistinguishbetweenfamiliarandunfamiliarhumanfaces,butthey

knowthatphotographsaretwo-dimensionalrepresentationsofreallife,withoutanyothercues（提示）like

sound.Andthey'reevenbetteratthisthanouroldestanimalcompanion,thedomesticdog.

Somaybethinktwicebeforedoinganythingatastable（马厩）thatmightgiveahorsealongface.After

all,thehorsecouldprobably"remember0you.

1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutman'sabilitytorecognizefriends1faces?

A.It'snotuniquetoman.B.It'saninbornability.

C.It'sman'smostvitalability.D.It'ssuperiortothatofanimals.

2.WhydidLeaLansadeandherteamdotheexperiment?

A.Toteachhorsestorecognizehumanfaces.

B.Tostudyhorses'abilitytoidentifyhumanfaces.

C.Tomakehorsesdistinguishbetweentheirkeepers.

D.Tofigureoutsimilaritiesbetweenmanandhorses.

3.Howdoestheauthorsoundinwritingthelastparagraph?

A.Academic.B.Dramatic.C.Cautious.D.Humorous.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.HumanFacesAreFamiliartoHorses

B.HorsesRecognizeKeepers*Pictures

C.HorsesReadMan'sFacialExpressions

D.Man'sSoundHelpsHorsesSelectPhotos

4.Pachyrhynchusweevils（球背象鼻虫）arefoundonmostislandsintheeasternPacificOcean.If

theseweevilscouldfly.thatwouldnotbesurprising.Buttheycannot.Whytheyaresowidespreadis

thereforeunknown.ButitisonethatDrHuangWenshanfromTaiwan.Chinathinkshehassolved.

Onetheory,whichdatesbackto1923.isthattheinsectsareliftedupbyatinyaircavity（气腔）each

hasbeneathitsoutershell,whichallowstheinsectstofloat.DrHuang'sresearchintotheweevilsbegan

whenhenotedthatthistheoryhadneverbeentested.Hediscovered,whenheputittothetest,thatthe

insectsdo.indeed,float.Butfloatinginseawaterdoesnotdothemmuchgood.Inhistest,all57adults

diedwithintwodays,Clearly.adultweevilsarenotgoodsailors.Thatdoesnot.however.meanthatyoung

weevilsarenot.

Pactyrhyochasweevilshaveapreferenceforlayingtheireggsinsidethefruitofaplantcalledthe

fish-poisontree.Thisremindsusofcoconuttrees.Theydroptheirfruitsintotheocean,whichcarriesthem

awaytostartgrowingondistantbeaches.Coconutsareprotectedfrombeingeatenontheirtravelsby

havingahard.thickshell.Fish-poison-treefruitsarealsoprotectedfromhungryseacreatures.Butintheir

case,astheirnamesuggests.theprotectionischemical.

Giventherelationshipbetweentheinsectsandtheplant.DrHuangwonderedhowtheirlarvae（幼虫）

wouldgetalongiftheyweredeepinsideapieceoffruitfloatinginseawater.Sohetestedthisaswell.His

experimentshowedthatsuchlarvaearetolerantofsaltyconditions.Outof18larvaethrownintoseawater

insideapieceoffruit,twosurvivedforsixdays.Moreover,theselarvaewentontodevelopintohealthy.

Sexuallymatureadults.Twolarvaeoutof18survivingforsixdaysatseamightnotsoundparticularly

impressive.ButDrHuangarguesthatsuchnumberswouldeasilysupportislandcolonization（定殖）。

Heobserves,forexample,thattheKuroshioCurrent,whichcarrieswaterfromthePhilippines,past

JapanandonwardsintothePacific.movessoswiftlythatapieceoffruitcaughtinitcouldeasilytravel

90kminaday-thussolvingthequestionofhowaflightlessinsectcanisland-hopsoeffectively.

1.Whatdidthe1923theorysuggestaboutPachyrhynchusweevils?

A.Theyareabletoflyveryhigh.

B.Theyareabletofloatinwater.

C.Theylaytheireggsinsideafruit.

D.TheyarewidespreadinthePacificOcean.

2.Whatcanbeconcludedaboutfish-poison-treefruits?

A.Theyarethefoodofhungryseacreatures.

B.Theyprovideshelterforyoungweevils.

C.Theyareundertheprotectionofthickshells.

D.Theytravelalongwaytogrowondistantbeaches.

3.Whatplay（s）akeyroleinhelpingfish-poison-treefruitsmovefast?

A.TheKuroshioCurrent.B.Pachyrhynchusweevils.

C.Thesaltyconditionsofthesea.D.TheislandsintheeasternPacificOcean.

4.Fromwhichsectionofamagazinearewemostlikelytofindthetext?

A.Travel.B.Science.C.Health.D.Environment.

5.Spendingoverayearinthebleak（荒凉的）Antarcticamightchangeyourbrainfortheworse,

accordingtoanewresearchoutthismonth.Itseemstoshowthatpolarexplorerswholivedfor14months

atanAntarcticaresearchstationexperiencedbrainshrinkage（缩小），likelyasaresultoftheirloneliness

andboredom.

Thestudy9sauthorsusedMRI（核磁共振）toscanthebrainsofeightmembersofateambeforethey

beganalongstayattheGerman-runresearchstation.Duringtheirmission,theteamperiodicallytooktests

oftheircognitionandmemoryandprovidedbloodsamplesthatallowedthestudyauthorstomeasuretheir

levelsofaproteinimportantforbrainhealthcalledbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactor(BDNF).Whenthey

returned,theyhadtheirbrainsscannedagain.

Finally,comparedtothemselvesbeforethemission,theexplorers?brainsappearedtohavelessgrey

matteronaverage.Theshrinkagewasmostapparentinthehippocampus,intheareaofthebrainkeyto

memoryandcognition.TheiraveragelevelsofBDNFalsodroppedduringthetripanddidn'timprove

significantlyevenafterone-and-a-halfmonthsbackhome.

Thestudy5sfindings,publishedinTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine,aren'tthefirsttosuggest

thatlongtimeofbeingseparatedcanchangethebrain.Butpracticallyallofthisworkhasinvolved

animals,accordingtotheresearchers.

Ofcourse,aneight-personstudyissmall,soanyofitsconclusionsshouldbetakenwithcaution.

LeadauthorAlexanderC.Stahn,nowaresearcheratthePerelmanSchoolofMedicineattheUniversityof

Pennsylvania,saidthattheeffectsonthehippocampusarelikelytemporary,providedthescientists

returnedtoalifefilledwithsocialinteractionandinterestingthingstosee.

Still,sincepeoplewillcontinuetravelingtoandfromAntarcticaforlongperiodsoftime,the

findingsaredefinitelyworthkeepinginmindandexploringfurther.Theymightevenproverelevantfor

therarefewpeoplewhomighttravelasfarasMarsinthefuture—perhapstheonlysimilarlyscientific,

months-longmissionthatwouldbeevenmorelonely.

1.Whatwilldodamagetothebrainaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

A.Doingresearchinbrainshrinkage

B.TravelingtotheAntarctica.

C.Workingasaresearcherinastation.

D.Beinginalonelyplaceforalongtime.

2.Howdidthescientistsgettheconclusion?

A.Bycomparingthescannedresults.

B.Bystudyingthepreviousfigures.

C.Bymakingalong-termprogram.

D.Byscanningtheparticipants,brains.

3.Whatcanweinferabouttheexplorerswhentheyreturned?

A.Theywerenolongerusedtothecivilizedworld.

B.Theyhadsomedifficultyinrememberingthings.

C.Theybecamenormalafterone-and-a-halfmonths.

D.Theypublishedtheirfindingsinamedicalmagazine.

4.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theimportanceofthefinding.

B.Thedisadvantageofthefinding.

C.Thefuturedevelopmentofthespace.

D.ThepossibilityoftravellingtoMars.

6.ESSEX—SorrowfulfamiliesinVietnamarestrugglingtobringhomethebodiesoflovedoneswho

diedinarefrigeratedtruckwhiletryingtoillegallyentertheUnitedKingdomonOct23.Manyofthe

relativesofthe39peoplewhodiedinthefreezing,airlessvehiclearetoopoortobringthebodiesbackto

Vietnam.

Tenofthe39victimswerefromtheCanLocdistrictofHaTinhprovince,whereBuiHuyCuongis

deputychairmanofthepeople'scommittee.HetoldtheGuardianNewspaperthatofficialshavevisited

bereaved(新近丧失亲人的)familiestoencouragethemtoreceiveashes,insteadofbodies,becauseit

wouldbecheaper.Buthesaidfamilieswantbodiessotheycanbehonoredintraditionalfuneralsandare

hopingtheauthoritieswillpay."Atthemoment,wearenotsureiftheBritishortheVietnamese

governmentwilltakeresponsibilityforbringingvictimsbacktoVietnam,*'hesaid,"Familiesknow

nothingaboutit.Itshouldbeclearsoonwhichgovernment((ifany))willtakeresponsibility...howmuch

canBritishandVietnamesegovernmentspay,andhowmuchwillVietnamesefamiliesneedtocontribute.n

Thebrotherof26-year-oldPhamThiTraMytoldthepaperhisfamilydoesnotwantashes.Pham

ManhCuongsaid,“Myfamilywishestobringmyoldersister'sbodybackhomebecauseweallagreedwe

wanttoseeherfbrthelasttime.Iftheydonotpayforthetransportationfee.wehavetopaythefee.We

havetoacceptmysister'sashesinVietnam,becauseweareinaverydifficultposition.HPhamThiTraMy

wasthevictimwhocametoprominencewhenherfinaltexthomewasmadepublicinwhichshesaid,

”I'msorry,Mum.Myjourneyabroadhasnotsucceeded.Mum,IloveyousomuchI'mdyingbecauseI

can*tbreathe.

NguyenDinhGia,thefatherofanothervictim,NguyenDinhLuong,fromNgheAnprovince,said

hisfamilyalsowantsabody.Hesaidvillagershavebeenvisitedbylocalauthoritiesbutdonotunderstand

theiroptions."Theydidnottellmehowmuchthetransportfeeis,buttoldus让'scostly...soifseasierto

bringbackashesinsteadofthebody/*hesaid."Isaidweareaskingfbrhelpfromtwogovernments...

We'vehadtowaitformanydaysnowandarefallingintodepression.^^

TheVietnamesegovernmenthasnotcommentedontherepatriations(调回本国).PoliceintheUK

andinVietnamhavemadeseveralarrestsinconnectionwiththeincidentthatclaimedthelivesof31male

and8femalevictims,ofwhom10wereteenagers•

1.WhatdoesBuiHuyCuongmainlywanttoexpressinPara.2?

A.Howofficialscareaboutthebereavedfamilies.

B.Someauthoritiesencouragefamiliestoreceiveashes.

C.HowmoneywillberaisedtobringthevictimsbacktoVietnam.

D.Familieswantbodiessotheycanbehonoredintraditionalfunerals.

2.Whatisthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword“prominence“inPara.3?

A.Beinglikelytocauseharm.

B.Thestateofbeingnoticeable.

C.Thequalityofbeingpleasantorattractive.

D.Behavioracquiredthroughfrequentrepetition.

3.WeknowaboutNguyenDinhLuongfromthenewsreport?

A.brotherisPhamManhCuong.

B.HeisfromNgheAnprovince,Vietnam.

C.HisfamilywillflytoEnglandtosechisbody.

D.HisbodywillsoonbebroughtbacktoVietnam.

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthenewsreport?

A.39peopledieinthefreezing,airlessvehicle

B.39PeopletrytoillegallyentertheUnitedKingdom.

C.Relativesstrugglingtotake39UKtruckdeathvictimsbacktoVietnam.

D.ArrestsinconnectionwiththeincidentthatclaimthelivesofVietnamese.

7.Someonewhotypeswhileonavideocallmaybegivingawaymoreinformationthantheyrealize.A

computermodelcanworkoutthewordsthatthepersonistypingjustbytrackingthemovementsoftheir

shouldersandarmsinthevideostream.

"Therearesignificantmovementsthatoccurwhentyping,"saysMurtuzaJadliwalaattheUniversityof

TexasatSanAntonio.nWethinkifweareabletomodelthemscientifically,weshouldbeabletoinfer

differentkeystrokesbylookingatthevideodata."

Jadliwalaandhiscolleaguesdevelopedamodeltodojustthat.Theymappedthemovementsontoa

keyboardandcross-referencedtheresultsagainstadictionaryofcommonlytypedwords,findingitcould

correctlyidentifythewordsbeingtyped75%ofthetime.However,theirexperimentwasbasedonthefact

thatthetypistsusedtraditionalphysicalQWERTYkeyboardsinthevideo.Therandomizedkeyboard,

whichisdifferentfromthetraditionalQWERTYkeyboard,canpreventitfrommakingaccurateinferences.

Thosewhowearclothingwithsomesortofsleevearealsolesslikelytobeanalysedaccurately.

Thecomputermodelremovesthebackgroundinformationfromaframeofavideocall.Itthendetects

theouteredgesoftheshoulderbyanalysingeachframeusinganimageprocessingtechniquecalledoptical

flow,whichwatchescloselyhowpixels（像素）changeinavideoandmapsarmmovementsontoa

keyboard.

Jadliwalasayspixelating（打上马赛克）theshoulderswouldlessentheeffectoftheissue,butAlan

WoodwardattheUniversityofSurrey,UK,arguesthatsuchasolutiondefeatsthepurposeofvideocalling.

"Thewholepointofavideocallistoseepeople,"hesays,addingthatitisalarmingthatvideocallscan

revealsomuch.

1.WhichofthefollowingmayaffectthemodeFsidentificationaccuracy?

A.Thespeedoftyping.B.Theheadmovement.

C.Thepositionofkeysonthekeyboard.D.Thecolorofthetypistsclothing.

2.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Whatmattersmostinanalysingtheframe.B.Howthebackgroundinformationisremoved.

C.Howthecomputermodelworks.D.whatroleopticalflowplaysintheexperiment.

3.WhatdoesAlanWoodwardthinkofthefinding?

A.Promising.B.Shocking.C.Convincing.D.Disappointing.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Softwarecanspyonwhatyoutypeonvideocalls

B.Youaregivingawayyoursecretunconsciously

C.Isitsafetotypewhenchattingonthephone?

D.Whoarespyingwhenweareonvideocalls?

参考答案

1.答案：l.D;2.C;3.C;4.A

解析：1.词义猜测题。根据画线部分上下文可知，最近，世界各地的一些地区都遭到了森林大火的破

坏,而且火势越来越严重，故gravity意为“严重性”。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段和第三段第一句可知，目前的检测方法很大程度上依赖人的观察力，这会

延迟有效的反应。这种新型传感器可以向附近的接收器发送无线信号，可以更快、更早地检测出火

灾。

3.推理判断题。根据第四段Kent说的话可知，改善消防机构之间的协调更为关键,你对火的反应，直到

它被扑灭，就像一场芭蕾舞。你必须策划和设计，在正确的时间和地点分配资源,从探测到确认再到调

度再到火熄灭。故可推知,灭火是一项合作而有秩序的活动。

4.细节理解题。根据最后一段Wang说的话可知，他的研究小组下一步将把这种新型传感器的信号范

围扩大为目前的100米以外，并为此开发一种保护罩。发射机的有效性也需要现场测试。

2.答案:l.D;2.B;3.D;4.A

解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段“Thencomestheindirectrebound:fuelsavingsleavetheownerwith

moremoneytospendelsewhereintheeconomy,consumingenergy4然后是间接反弹:节省的燃料使车

主有更多的钱花在其他经济领域，消耗能源。）”可知,D项“女士把省油汽车节省的钱花在买更多的衣

服上。”就是把省下来的钱花在其他经济领域（服装领域）上,符合间接反弹效应。D项正确，其它选项

不符合题意。故选D项。

2.推理判断题。根据第三段“Althoughthe33studiesuseddifferentmelhodstomodeltherebound

effect,（尽管这33项研究使用了不同的方法来模拟反弹效应,）”中的modelthereboundeffect可知，研

究团队是通过模拟回弹效应进行他们的研究的。故选B项。

3.推理判断题。根据第四段“"We'renotsayingenergyefficiencydoesn'twork.Whatwe'resayingis

reboundneedstobetakenmoreseriouslysaysBrockway.（Brockway说:"我们并不是说能源效率不起

作用，我们的意思是需要更加认真地对待经济反弹。"）"中的betakenmoreseriously可知,Brockway

认为应该更加关注回弹效应。故选D项。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Butthatdoesn'tmeannothingcanbedonetolimitthereboundeffect.

Oneansweristodoubledownonenergyefficiencyanddotwiceasmuchtoachievethesameeffect.（但这

并不意味着我们不能采取任何措施来限制反弹效应。一个解决办法是加倍提高能源效率，并采取双

倍的措施来达到同样的效果。）”中的双重否定句可知，作者对于限制反弹效应是持积极（positive）态度

的,并提出了对应的解决办法。故选A项。

3.答案：1-4ABDB

解析：1.考查理解具体信息的能力。第一段提到我们能够识别朋友的脸彳艮多群居动物也能够通过

面部特征来识别自己种群里的个体。由此可知，这不是人类独有的能力。

2.考查推理判断的能力。根据第二段"Scientistshavealsowonderedwhetherdomesticatedanimalsthat

havecoexistedwithpeopleforthousandsofyearscanrecognizedifferenthumanfaces.LeaLansade...is

oneofthem.Herexperimentonhorsesprovidesinsightintothis"并结合第三段实验的内容可知，L6a

Lansade和她的团队做实验是为了研究马识别人脸的能力。故选B。

3.考查推理判断的能力。最后一段提到，在马厩里做任何可能会让马闷闷不乐的事情之前要三思。

毕竟，它很可能会“记住”你。由此可知,作者在最后一段使用了比较幽默的口吻来行文。

4.考查理解主旨要义的能力。本文主要讲的是研究发现驯养的马通过看照片就可以认出自己的饲养

者。故选B。

4.答案:l.B;2.B;3.A;4.B

解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Onetheory,whichdatesbackto1923,isthattheinsectsarelifted

upbyatinyaircavity（气腔）eachhasbeneathitsoutershell,whichallowstheinsectstofloat.可知，按照

1923年的某个理论，球背象鼻虫能漂浮于水面。

2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Pachyrhynchusweevilshaveapreferenceforlayingtheireggsinside

thefruitofaplantcalledthefish-poisontree.及Fish-poison-treefruitsarealsoprotectedfromhungrysea

creatures.Butintheircase,astheirnamesuggests,theprotectionischemical.可知，鱼毒树果实为球背象鼻

虫的幼虫提供了避身之所,使其能安全度过海上“漂流之旅工

3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的IheKuroshioCurrent,whichcarrieswaterfromthePhilippines,past

JapanandonwardsintothePacific,movessoswiftlythatapieceoffruitcaughtinitcouldeasilytravel

90kminaday可知,theKuroshioCurrent使得鱼毒树果实可以在海水中快速行进。

4.文章出处题。作者在文中介绍了一项关于一种叫球背象鼻虫的昆虫的研究,本文最有可能出自杂

志的科普栏目。

5.答案：l.D;2.A;3.B;4.A

解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段“Itseemstoshowthatpolarexplorerswholivedfor14monthsatan

Antarcticaresearchstationexperiencedbrainshrinkage（缩小），likelyasaresultoftheirlonelinessand

boredom"这似乎表明,在南极研究站生活了14个月的极地探险者大脑出现了萎缩，可能是由于他们

的孤独和无聊。所以长时间处在单独的地方会导致大脑损害。故选D项。

2.推理判断题。根据第三段“Finally,comparedtothemselvesbeforethemission,theexplorers,brains

appearedtohavelessgreymatteronaverage.^^最后，与执行任务前相比，探险者的大脑平均灰质较少。

可知科学家是对比扫描结果来得出结论的，故选A项。

3.推理判断题。根据第三段“Theshrinkagewasmost叩parentinthehippocampus,intheareaofthe

brainkeytomemoryandcognition.^^这种萎缩在海马体中，在大脑中负责记忆和认知的关键区域最为

明显。由此判断出探险者在回来的时候在记忆方面有些困难。故选B项。

4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段"sincepeoplewillcontinuetravelingtoandfromAntarcticaforlong

periodsoftime,thefindingsaredefinitelyworthkeepinginmindandexploringfurther.Theymighteven

proverelevantfortherarefewpeoplewhomighttravelasfarasMarsinthefuture”由于人们将在很长

一段时间内继续往返于南极洲之间，这些发现绝对值得我们牢记在心，并进行进一步的探索。它们甚

至可能被证明与极少数几个将来可能远赴火星的人有关。可知最后一段主要是关于此项发现的重

要性。故选A项。

6.答案：l.C;2.B;3.B;4.C

解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第二段全段Tenofthe39victimswerefromtheCanLocdistrictofHa

Tinhprovince,.......andhowmuchwillVietnamesefamiliesneedtocontribute."可知,39名受害者中有

10人来自HaTinh省的CanLoc区,BuiHuyCuong是那里的人民委员会副主席。他在接受《卫报》

(Guardian)采访时表示，官员们已经走访了失去亲人的家庭，鼓励他们接受骨灰，而不是尸体，因为这样

更便宜。但是他说，家属希望得到遗体，这样他们就可以在传统的葬礼上纪念，他们希望当局会出钱。

他说产目前，我们不确定英国或越南政府是否会承担将受害者带回越南的责任。”“家人对此一无所

知。很快就会清楚哪个政府(如果有的话)将承担责任……英国和越南政府可以支付多少，越南家庭需

要贡献多少。”因此可知,BuiHuyCuong在第二段中主要想表达如何筹集资金将受害者带回越南。

故C项正确。A项，“官员们如何关心失去亲人的家庭”。官员们如何关心失去亲人的家庭只是Bui

HuyCuong表达观点的一小部分，并不是他主要表达的内容。故A项错误。B项,“一些当局鼓励家庭

接受骨灰一些当局鼓励家庭接受骨灰只是BuiHuyCuong表达观点的一小部分，并不是他主要表

达的内容。故B项错误。D项，“家庭想要尸体，这样他们就可以在传统的葬礼上得到尊重”。家庭想

要尸体，这样他们就可以在传统的葬礼上得到尊重只是BuiHuyCuong表达观点的一小部分，并不是

他主要表达的内容。故D项错误。故正确答案为C。

2.猜测词义题。根据文章第三段倒数第一、二、三句PhamThiTraMywasthevictimwhocameto

prominencewhenherfinaltexthomewasmadepublicinwhichshesaid,"I'msorry,Mum.Myjourney

abroadhasnotsucceeded.Mum,IloveyousomuchI'mdyingbecauseIcan'tbreathe."可知,PhamThi

TraMy是一名受害者，当她最后的家庭短信被公开时,她变得……。她说:“对不起,妈妈。我的出国旅

行没有成功。妈妈，我太爱你了，我快要死了，因为我不能呼吸了。”因为PhamThiTraMy最后一封发

给家里人的信息被媒体公开了，内容十分令人难过，因此引起了公众的关注。B项意为“引人注目的状

态符合题意，故B项正确。A项，“可能造成伤害”;C项，“愉快或有吸引力的性质”;D项，“通过频繁

重复获得的行为”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。

3.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句NguyenDinhGia,thefatherofanothervictim,Nguyen

DinhLuong,fromNgheAnprovince,saidhisfamilyalsowantsabody.可知，另一名受害者Nguyen

DinhLuong的父亲NguyenDinhGia说，他的家人也想要尸体,他来自NgheAn省。因此可知,