2022年上海市高二第一学期英语培优讲义第11讲 考纲词汇与阅读与综合运用学案

2021-2022学年高一升高二英语暑期讲义（上海通用版）

第11讲考纲词汇&阅读&综合运用学生版

教学内容

专题能力提升

口

一、上次课考纲词汇默写

高考英语词组测验4（P37-48）

1.忙于…

2.要求，需要

3.树立信心

4.付现金

5.爆发

6.注意不要…

7.在校园内

8.突然大哭/大笑

9.实施（计划等）

10.简言之

11.不是…而是…

12.赶上…

13.撞上；碰见

14.（机械等）出故障

15.在…的底部

16.（使）冷静下来

17.袖珍计算器

18.给某人带来某物

19.carryon

20.营业时间

21.遇到（雨、交通堵塞等）

22.（中间）休息

23.数码相机

24.…的导因

25.埋头于…，专心于…

26.拜访某人

27.nothingbut

28.便装

29.再也不为过

30.做生意

31.什么都不能做，只得…

32.因公出差

33.喘不过气来

34.从事…职业

35.不仅…而且…

36.(介)要不是

37.关心；介意，在乎

38.给某人买某物

39.公共汽车站

40.号召…做

41.抚养长大

42.去露营

43.担负起…的重任

44.innocase

45.从心底里，发自内心地

46.不关你的事

47.按按钮

48.消防队

49.喜欢，想耍；照顾

50.有能力做某事

高考英语词汇测验5(P49-60)

1.adj.有挑战性的challenging13.n.喜剧演员（作家）comedian

2.n.化学chemistry14.n.主席chairman

3.vi./n.闲谈，聊天chat15.n.奶酪cheese

4.n.气候；气氛climate16.n.职员clerk

5.adj.舒适的comfortable17.n.交流；传达；通信communication

6.认欢呼，喝彩cheer18.n.特征；性格；角色,人物character

7.adj.清澈的；清楚的，清晰的；清除的clear19.n.世纪century

8.n.社区；团体；社会community20.v.收集，采集;募集（捐款等）collect

9.n.巧克力chocolate21.n.委员会committee

10.adj.中心的，中央的central22.adj.多云的cloudy

11.adj.幼稚的childish23.n.冠军champion

12.vt./n.认领claim24.n.市民；公民citizen

25.adj.色彩鲜艳的，富于色彩的；丰富多彩的colo（u）rful

26.adv.必定地certainly

27.comparativeadj.相比较而言的，相对的

28.civilizedadj.文明的；开化的

29.charityn.慈善；救济物品；（常charities）慈善组织

30.disclosevt.揭露

31.certificaten.证书；证明

32.colonyn.殖民地

33.chasev./n.追逐；追求

34.cluen.线索；提示

35.common共同的；常见的；一般的，普通的

36.classic经典作品

37.celebrationn.厌祝

38.chargevt.收费；充电；谴责；控告

39.commentn./v.评论

40.classifyvt.分类

41.chiefn.首领,领袖;上司

42.coastn.海岸

43.Christiann.基督教徒

44.celln.细胞

45.clones.克隆，使无性繁殖

46.communistadj.共产主义（者）的

47.chaptern.（书籍的）章

48.companionn.同伴；伴侣

49.civiliann./adj.平民（的）

50.collar衣领；（动物）颈圈

专题能。提升

世界环境日主题

2001年：世间万物生命之网(ConnectwiththeWorldWideWeboflife)

2002年：让地球充满生机(GiveEarthaChance)

2003年：水--二十亿人生于它(Water-TwoBillionPeopleareDyingforIt!)

2004年：海洋存亡，匹夫有责(Wanted!SeasandOceans------DeadorAlive)

2005年：营造绿色城市，呵护地球家园！(GreenCities—PlanforthePlan)

2006年：莫使旱地变为沙漠(DesertsandDesertification-Don'tDesertDrylands!)

2007年：冰川消融，后果堪忧(MeltingIce-aHotTopic)

2008年：促进低碳经济(TowardsaLowCarbonEconomy)

2009年：地球需要你：团结起来应对气候变化(YourPlanetNeedsYou-UNitetoCombatClimateChange)

2010年：多样的物种唯一的星球共同的未来(ManySpeciesOnePlanetOneFuture)

2011年：森林：大自然为您效劳(Forests:NatureatYourService)

2012年：绿色经济：你参与了吗？(GreenEconomy:Doesitincludeyou?)

2013年：思前，食后，厉行节约(thinkeatsave)

知识点1:题型说明

特性：

生态环保类阅读理解

考查的题型主要集中在细节题和推断题，词义推测题和主旨大意题也有，且主旨题类中主要考查的是

标题类，综合而言，这一类的题型在这四个题型出题方面都比较容易出题，而且和我们的日常生活息

息相关，因而成为高考阅读理解喜欢选择的题材，学生们要多积累相关常识和知识，通常出现在阅读

理解的B/C篇。

知识点2：答题方法

解题方法各个击破：

1.先看题目，了解考查文章的哪些细节和内容；

2.快速通读一边文章，了解文章主旨；

3.再结合第一道题目，从文章中开始找相应答案，并作出相应的正确判断；

4.主旨题注意看首尾两段落，归纳总结。

生态环境类阅读理解分类词汇联合国环境与发展大会(环发大会)UnitedNationsConferenceonEnvironmentand

Development(UNCED)

环发大会首脑会议SummitSessionofUNCED

联合国环境规划署UnitedNationsEnvironmentPrograms(UNEP)

国际生物多样性日InternationalBiodiversityDay(29December)

世界水日WorldWaterDay(22March)

世界气象日WorldMeteorologicalDay(23March)

世界海洋日WorldOceansDay(8June)

人与生物圈方案ManandBiosphere(MAB)Programme(UNESCO)

中国21世纪议程China'sAgenda21

中国生物多样性保护行动计划ChinaBiologicalDiversityProtectionActionPlan

中国跨世纪绿色工程规划ChinaTrans-CenturyGreenProjectPlan

生物多样性公约ConventiononBiologicalDiversity

防治荒漠化国际公约ConventiontoCombatDesertification

气候变化框架公约UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange

国家环境保护总局StateEnvironmentalProtectionAdministration(SEPA)

坚持环境保护基本国策adheretothebasicstatepolicyofenvironmentalprotection

污染者负担的政策nthe-polluters-paynpolicy

强化环境管理的政策policyoftighteningupenvironmentalmanagement

环保执法检查environmentalprotectionlawenforcementinspection

限期治理undertaketreatmentwithinaprescribedlimitoftime

生态示范区eco-demonstrationregion;environment-friendlyregion

国家级生态示范区(珠海)NationallyDesignatedEco-DemonstrationRegion

国家级园林城市NationallyDesignatedGardenCity

生态环保类词汇

工业固体废物industrialsolidwastes

白色污染whitepollution

可降解一次性塑料袋throwawaybio-degradableplasticbags

放射性废料积存accumulationofradioactivewaste

有机污染物organicpollutants

三废综合利用multipurposeuseofthreetypesofwastes

城市垃圾无害化处理率decontaminationrateofurbanrefuse

垃圾填埋场refuselandfill

垃圾焚化厂refuseincinerator

防止过度利用森林protectforestsfromoverexploitation

森林砍伐率deforestationrate

水土流失waterandsoilerosion

土壤盐碱化soilalkalization

生态农业environment-friendlyagriculture;eco-agriculture

水资源保护区waterresourceconservationzone

海水淡化seawaterdesalinization

造林工程afforestationproject

绿化面积afforestedareas;greeningspace

森林覆盖率forestcoverage

防风林windbreaks

防沙林sandbreaks

速生林fast-growingtrees

降低资源消耗率slowdowntherateofresourcedegradation

开发可再生资源developrenewableresources

环保产品environment-friendlyproducts

自然保护区naturereserve

野生动植物wildfaunaandflora

保护生存环境conservenaturalhabitats

濒危野生动物endangeredwildlife

珍稀濒危物种繁育基地rareandendangeredspeciesbreedingcenter

美化环境landscapingdesignforenvironmentalpurposes

环境恶化environmentaldegradation

温饱型农业subsistenceagriculture

空气污染浓度airpollutionconcentration

酸雨、越境空气污染acidrainandtransboundaryairpollution

工业粉尘排放industrialdustdischarge

烟尘排放sootemissions

矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气）fossilfuels:coal,oil,andnaturalgas

清洁能源cleanenergy

汽车尾气排放motorvehicleexhaust

尾气净化器exhaustpurifier

无铅汽油lead-freegasoline

天然气汽车gas-fueledvehicles

电动汽车cell-drivenvehicles;batterycars

小排量汽车small-displacement(engine)vehicles

温室效应greenhouseeffect

工业废水处理率treatmentrateofindustrialeffluents

城市污水处理率treatmentrateofdomesticsewage

集中处理厂centralizedtreatmentplant

课堂练习1:

二模浦东新区

(A)

LongerLivesforWildElephants

Mostpeoplethinkofzoosassafeplacesforanimals,wherestrugglessuchasdifficultyfindingfoodandavoiding

predatorsdon'texist.Withoutsuchproblems,animalsinzoosshouldlivetoaripeoldage.

ButthatmaynotbetrueforthelargestlandanimalsonEarth.Scientistshaveknownthatelephantsinzoosoftensuffer

frompoorhealth.Theydevelopdiseases,jointproblemsandbehaviorchanges.Sometimes,theyevenbecomeunabletohave

babies.

Tolearnmoreabouthowcaptivity（监禁）affectselephants,ateamofinternationalscientistscomparedthelifespansof

femaleelephantsborninzooswithfemaleelephantslivingoutdoorsintheirnativelands.Zooskeepdetailedrecordsofallthe

animalsintheircare,documentingfactorssuchasbirthdates,illnesses,weightanddeath.Theserecordsmadeitpossiblefor

theresearcherstoanalyze40yearsofdataon800AfricanandAsianelephantsinzoosacrossEurope.Thescientistscompared

thelifespansofthezoo-bornelephantswiththelifespansofthousandsoffemalewildelephantsinAfricaandAsian

elephantsthatworkinloggingcamps（伐木场）,overapproximatelythesametimeperiod.

TheteamfoundthatfemaleAfricanelephantsborninzooslivedanaverageof16.9years.Theirwildcounterpartswho

diedofnaturalcauseslivedanaverageof56years------morethanthreetimesaslong.FemaleAsianelephantsfolloweda

similarpattern.Inzoos,theylived18.9years,whilethoseintheloggingcampslived41.7years.

Scientistsdon'tyetknowwhywildelephantsseemtolivesomuchbetterthantheirzoo-raisedcounterparts.Georgia

Mason,abiologistattheUniversityofGuelphinCanadawholedthestudy,thinksstressandobesity（肥胖）maybetoblame.

Zooelephantsdon'tgetthesamekindofexercisetheywouldinthewild,andmostareveryfat.Elephantsociallivesarealso

muchdifferentinzoosthaninthewild,wheretheyliveinlargeherdsandfamilygroups.

AnotherfindingfromthestudyshowedthatAsianelephantsborninzoosweremorelikelytodieearlythanAsian

elephantscapturedinthewildandbroughttozoos.Masonsuggestsstressinthemothersinzoosmightcausethemtohave

babiesthatarelesslikelytosurvive.

Thestudyraisessomequestionsaboutacquiringmoreelephantstokeepinzoos.Whilesomethreatenedandendangered

specieslivinginzoosreproducesuccessfullyandmaintainhealthypopulations,thatdoesn'tappeartobethecasewith

elephants.

72.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,unlikeotherzooanimals,zooelephants.

A.havedifficultyeatingfood.B.1ivetoaripeoldage.

C.arenotafraidofpredators.D.develophealthproblems.

73.Whichofthefollowingabouttheinternationalscientists'researchonthelifespansofelephantsisNOTtrue?（See

paragraph3）?

A.Theycomparedzooelephantswithwildelephants.

B.Theykeptdetailedrecordsofalltheelephantsintheircare.

C.Theyanalyzedtherecordsoftheelephantskeptinzoos.

D.Thezoo-bornelephantstheystudiedarekeptinEuropeanzoos.

74.Whatdothescientistsfindintheirresearch?

A.Femaleelephantslivelongerthanmaleelephants.

B.Femalezooelephantslivelongerthantheirwildcounterparts.

C.Femalezooelephantsdiemuchearlierthantheirwildcounterparts.

D.Elephantsinzoosandthoseinthewildenjoythesamelonglifespans.

75.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph?

A.Itmaynotbeawisepolicytokeepelephantsinthezoo.

B.Elephantsarenolongeranendangeredspecies.

C.Zoo-bomelephantsshouldbelookedaftermorecarefully.

D.Zoosshouldkeepmoreanimalsexceptelephants.

课堂练习2

2014年一模松江区C篇生态环保类-种树是否对减少二氧化碳有益？

ScientistshavelongbelievedonewaytostoptheEarth'satmospherefromwarmingisbyplantingmoretrees.Theideais

thatmoretreeswilltakeinorabsorbsomeofthecarbondioxideintheatmosphere.Carbondioxideisagasreleasedbycars,

factoriesandotherhumanactivities.ThegastrapsheatintheEarth'satmosphere,whichwarmstheplanet.However,twonew

studieshavefoundthattreesmaynotbeashelpfulinreducingcarbondioxideasthought.

ThefirststudywasdoneatDukeUniversityinDurham,NorthCarolina.Researcherspumpedextracarbondioxideintoa

testareawherepinetreesweregrowing.Thetreesgrewthirty-fourpercentfasterduringthefirstthreeyears.However,in

time,thetreesslowedtoabouttheirnormalgrowthrate.Thescientistssaythisisbecausetreesneedothernutrients,suchas

nitrogen.

Inthesecondstudy,researchersfromDukeandBowdoinCollegeinBrunswick,Maineexaminedthesoilaroundtrees.

Theydiscoveredthatastheleavesbrokedownintothesoil,allthecarbonwasnottrappedinthesoil.Muchofitwasreleased

intotheatmosphereascarbondioxide.

ThefindingsofthetwostudieswerepublishedlastmonthinNaturemagazine.Theysuggestthereislimitedvaluein

plantingtreestoreducethecarbondioxidepollutionintheatmosphere.

Forestplantinghasbeenapartofnegotiationsonaworldagreementtoreducegreenhousegasesthatscientistsbelieve

causeglobalwarming.TheUnitedStates,Canada,Japanandsomeotherindustrialcountrieshavesupportedtheidea.Butthis

newresearchsuggeststheideaisnotaseffectiveasenvironmentalactivistshadthought.ScientistRamOrenofDuke

Universityledthestudyontreegrowth.Hesaysthatearlierestimatesontheabilityofforeststoabsorbcarbondioxidewere

overlyhopeful.

Somescientistsnotinvolvedinthestudiessaytheresearchprovidessomeofthefirstevidenceonhowtreesreactto

carbondioxide.Otherscientistssaytheresearchdisputesabeliefamongsomecoalandpowercompanies.Thecompaniessay

thatmorecarbondioxideintheatmospherewillnotcreateharmfulglobalwarming.Instead,theysayitwillincreaseforests

andotherplants.

73.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Introducesomenewideasabouttherelationshipbetweentreesandcarbondioxide.

B.Introducerecentconditionofglobalindustrialpollution.

C.Callonpeopletoplantmoretreestoreducegreenhousegases.

D.Pointoutthatpowercompaniesshouldberesponsiblefortherisinglevelsofcarbondioxide.

74.Whydidtheresearchersputtreesinextracarbondioxideinthefirststudy?

A.Tolearnwhethertreescanstillabsorbcarbondioxideunderextremeconditions.

B.Togetmoreoxygenfromthesetrees.

C.Toevaluatethemaximumcarbondioxidethattreescanabsorb.

D.Toseetheeffectofcarbondioxideonthegrowthrateofthesetrees.

75.Whathappenedtotheleavesfallingfromthetreesinthesecondstudy?

A.Theybrokedownandthemainpartsturnedintooxygen.

B.Theybrokedownandthecarboncontenthadmainlyturnedintocarbondioxide.

C.Theybrokedownandthecarboncontentwasmainlyabsorbedinthesoil.

D.Theyabsorbedmorecarbondioxide.

76.ScientistRamOrenthinksthatcommonbeliefsofthetree'sabilitytoabsorbcarbondioxideare.

A.appropriateB.pessimisticC.over-optimisticD.convincing

77.Theword"dispute”(Line2,Para.6)probablyrefersto.

A.questionB.supportC.maintainD.accept

专题精讲

高考阅读理解共性：

A.阅读理解考查题型：

1.细节理解题；

2.词义推测题；

3.推理判断题；

4.主旨大意题。

B.解题技巧点拨：

1.细节理解题；

1)细节理解题解题技能

做细节理解题时，不必通篇细看原文，而可采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语，然后

以此为线索快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，对照比较，确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还

可以兼用排除法，将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除：

2)细节题干扰项有如下几个特点：

(1)与原文有相关信息，但不是题目要求的内容；

(2)符合常识，但不是文章内容：

(3)与原文的内容极其相似，但在程度上有些变动：

(4)在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反：

(5)一半正确，一半错误：

细节理解题的答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思：有的细节理解

题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。

2.词义推测题；

词义猜测题解题技能

常见的猜测词义的方法：

(1)利用构词法

(2)利用同义近义词

(3)利用反义词

(4)利用定义、解释和例证

(5)利用上下文语境

(6)根据语义转折

3.推理判断题；

推理判断题解题技能

这类题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的

寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所

提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维.同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。

(1)深入理解作者在字里行间渗透出来的深层含义，不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点：

(2)推理的源泉来自于上下文的语境、语气等：

(3)紧紧抓住所给文章，决不能脱离文章凭空想像；

(4)把握上下文之间的逻辑关系，通过分析、综合、判断等进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理，决不能以偏概全、

见树不见林。

4.主旨大意题；

主旨大意题解题技能

主要可概括为两大类，

(1)怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意

(2)怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。

注意：

①要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系：

②依据文章关键词，再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何：

③对比四个选项，先排除两个，再比较余下的，要考虑标题是过大还是过小；

要避免下列三种错误：

(a)概括不够(多表现为部分代替整体，从而导致范围太小)；

(b)过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；

(c)以事实、细节替代替抽象具体的大意。

阅读练习

Ihateddinnerparties.ButIdecidedtogivethemanothershotbecauseI'minLondon.AndmyfriendGalleryinvitedme.And

becausedinnerpartiesinLondonareverydifferentfromthosebackinNewYork.There,'Tmhavingadinnerparty“means'Tm

bookingatablefor12atarestaurantyoucan'taffordandwe'llbesharingthecheckevenly,nomatterwhatyoueat.^^

Worse,inManhattanthereisalwayssomeonewholeavesbeforethebillarrives.They'llthrowdowncash,halfofwhatthey

owe,andthenpeoplelikeme,whodon'tdrink,enduppayingevenmore.ButifItrytousethesametrick,thehostesswillshout

“Whereareyougoing?”Andit'snotlike1cansayIhavesomewheretogo：everyoneknowsIhavenowheretogo.

ButinLondon,dinnerpartiesareinpeople'shomes.Notonlythat,theguestsareaninterestingmix.ThelasttimeIwentto

one,theguestswerefromFrance,India,DenmarkandNigeria；itwaslikeagatheringattheUnitedNations.InNewYork,themix

islessstriking.It'slikeagatheringatBloomingdale's,awell-knowndepartmentstore.

ForNewYorkers,talkingaboutotherpartsoftheworldmeansBrooklynandQueensinNewYork.ButatCallery's,when1

saidthatIhadbeentoMyanmarrecently,peopleknewwhereitwas.InNewYorkpeoplewouldthinkitwasausualnewclub.

()1.Whatdoestheword“shot”inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Choice.B.Try.

C.Style.D.Goal.

()2.WhatdoesthewriterdislikemostaboutdinnerpartiesinNewYork?

A.Thereisastrangemixofpeople.B.Therestaurantsareexpensive.

C.Thebillisnotfairlyshared.D.Peoplehavetopaycash.

()3.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthepartiesinLondon?

A.Abitunusual.B.Fulloftricks.

C.Lesscostly.D.Moreinteresting.

()4.Whatistheauthor'sopinionofsomeNewYorkersfromherexperience?

A.Easy-going.B.Self-centered.

C.Generous.D.Conservative.

()5.Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?

A.Ihateddinnerparties.B.IpreferdinnerpartiesinLondontothoseinNewYork.

C.ThedifferencebetweenLondonandNewYork.D.Malloryinvitedmetoaparty.

闸北区区阅读c篇有关生物多样性

(C)

Isgrowthgoodforbiodiversity(生物多样，性)？Toanswerthequestion,itiscriticaltodefinewhatwemeanbygrowth.Is

growthgrossdomesticproduct(GDP),the"monetaryvalueofallthefinishedgoodswithinacountry'sborders"?Ordoesit

meanimprovingthehumanstandardofliving?Today,whenpeoplesaygrowth,theymeanGDP,ameasurethatisover70

yearsold.ActuallyGDPdemonstratesnegativeimplicationsfbrbiodiversity,asthis“growth”measuresonlymoneyinflows

whilefarmoreimportantisthebalancesheet,whichshowspropertiesanddebts.Asbiodiversitydeliversnocash,ithasno

placeinGDPsystem,butbiodiversityprovidestheassetsideofthebalancesheet,suchasforests,rivers,wetlandsand

animals-thelistgoeson.

ItisarguedthatgrowthisgoodforbiodiversityinthelongrunasthereisanenvironmentalKuznetscurvewhere

environmentalconditionsgetworseintheearlystagesofmoderneconomicgrowth,butimproveonceagrowthlevelhasbeen

reached.Accordingtosomepeople,onceGDPhasbeenhigh,moreresourcesaretoinvestinconservation,andnew

technologiesareusedtoprotectthenature.Theysaidpeoplewouldhavemoreinterestinprotectingtheenvironment,and

someoftheforestsstartedtoreturnandmanypollutantswerealmosteliminated.StandinginAmericatodayitmightappear

thattheenvironmentalKuznetscurveworks.

Atfirstsightthereappearstobealogic.TodaytheUSGDPisincreasingwhilemanypreciousspeciespopulationsare

alsorecovering?Suchconditions,accordingtosomepeople,canbeexplainedbygreaterefficiencyincarsormoreefficient

agriculturalproduction.Butinfact,themajorityofthenegativeimpactshavesimplybeenexported.Thehigh-polluting

industrieshavebeenoutsourcedtodevelopingnations.Thereforethebitterestpunishmentsarelargelyfeltbeyondtheborders

whileweAmericansareenjoyinghighGDPandselfishbiodiversityatthesametime.ThiscanbeseenintheWWFannual

Report,wherespeciespopulationtrendsareincreasingby7%inhigh-incomecountriesanddeclininginmiddle-and

low-incomecountriesby31%and60%respectively.

Itisself-evidentthatgrowth,ascurrentlydefined,hasamajornegativeimpactuponbiodiversity.Whatneedstochangeis

thedefinitionofgrowthfromaGDP-essentialconcepttoabalance-sheetapproach.Organisationsandworldcommunity

shouldworkoncreatingnewvisionorreformthatwillhelpensurearealbalancebetweenanimprovingstandardofhuman

lifeandathrivingbiodiverselandscape.

74.Accordingtothepassage,theauthor'sopiniontowardGDPisthatGDP.

A.hasnothingtodowithbiodiversityasitservesasaneconomicruler

B.shouldn'thaveignoredbiodiversityasitdoesgoodtobalancesheet

C.isout-datedasitleavesoutproductionsoutsideacountry'sborders

D.isausefuleconomicindicatorasithonestlyfollowstheKuznetscurve

75.TheenvironmentalKuznetscurveisseeminglyworkingbecause.

A.whenUSeconomyisstrong,peoplehavemoreinterestinenvironmentprotection

B.highGDPhelpstointroducehightechnologyforenvironmentprotection

C.greatfuelefficiencyincarsandagriculturehelpstoprotectenvironment

D.theUSmakesotherweaknationstaketheharmfulconsequences

76.Theauthor'smainopinionaboutgrowth-biodiversityisthat.

A.there?snoclearrelationshipbetweengrowthandbiodiversity

B.growthharmsbiodiversitywithtoday'sGDP-centredsystem

C.biodiversityconditionagreeswithacountry'seconomicgrowth

D.theauthorisnotsureabouttheexactinfluenceofgrowthonbiodiversity

77.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.GDPfocusesonbalancesheetratherthanmonetaryincrease.

B.Withinborders,Americaisenjoyingabetterbiodiversityrightnow.

C.Manylow-incomenationsarehavingahigherGDPgrowththantheU.S.

D.Creativewayshavebeenfoundtobalancelifestandardandbiodiversity.

1、专题特点：

这部分阅读涉及到广泛的话题，日常生活中对于衣食住行等话题多加关注，有利于增加这部分阅读理解题的了解;

此外，做好这类题要对细节题做题技巧有较好的掌握；同时也要加强练习和总结经验。

2、解题方法：

做题时，要先从题干中找到关键性词语，然后快速在文章中寻找相关细节，细心比较所给选项与文中细节区别，在准确

理解了细节的前提下，最终确定最佳答案。

3、注意事项：

由于这类阅读理解主要考细节题，所以在做题时需要切题找答案，不可断章取义及单纯地根据自己的主观观

点进行做题。

技巧提炼

只要灵活处理好以下几个方面的关系，这个问题便可迎刃而解：

1.正确处理好“快”与“准”的关系

2.正确处理好复杂句式、生词和选择答案的关系

3.正确处理好所需信息与剩余信息的关系

虹口区A篇生态环保类-大象回归野生环境

(A)

“Itseemslikelythatacagedelephantwouldmissthewildernessitwasbominto.^^asix-yearstudyrevealed.

BritishandCanadianscientistsstudied4500elephantsinEuropeanzoosandcomparedthemwithelephantsliving

inthewild.Theyfoundthatwildelephantsarehealthier,livelongerandreproducemorethanthoseelephantsinzoos.

Whenitcomestolivinginazoo,“manyspeciesdowellbutelephantsdon,t,^^saidGeorgiaMason,oneofthe

researchersofthestudy.Manyanimalslivelongerinzoosthantheydointhewild.Thisisn'tsurprisingwhenyouconsider

thatzooanimalsarenotthreatenedbypredators(掠食者),alwayshaveplentytoeat,andhaveprofessionalsonhandtocare

fbrthem.

Whenitcomestoelephants,however,thesituationisdifferent.Theworld'slargestlandanimalslivemuchlongerin

thewildthantheydoinzoos.

FemaleAfricanelephantsborninzoosliveonaveragefor17years,whilethoseinthewildmakeitto56.“Sofar,“

saysMason,“We'vegot300AfricanelephantsinzoosinEurope,andnotone'syetreached50.

Asianelephantsarethemoreendangeredofthetwoelephantspecies.Theyliveforabout19yearsincaptivity（圈养）

comparedto42years,inthewild.AfewwildAsianelephantshaveevenmadeitintotheir70s.InKenya,30to50percent

ofwildelephantsreach50yearsofage.

Fatnessandstressarelikelycausesforthegiantlandanimalsearlydeathincaptivity,Masonsaid.

Theresearcherssaythatzoosdonotofferenoughspaceforanimalsthatcantravelasfaras48kilometersaday.Too

littleexerciseandtoomuchfoodmeanscaptiveelephantsputonextraweight.Theweightgaincanleadtoheartdisease

andotherhealthproblems.

Being^^caged^^isbadforhealth,notonlyforelephants,butalsoforhumans.Becarefulnottobecomea“caged

elephant”！

66.ManyanimalslivelongerinzoosowingtothefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat.

A.theyarefarawayfromthedangerofbeingeaten.

B.theycanbeinabettermood