上海市华东师范大学附属东昌中学高三上学期12月英语试题

华东师范大学附属东昌中学2020学年第一学期高三年级12月阶段测试I.Listeningprehension(共25分；110每题1分；1120每题1.5分)SectionA1.A.Excited.B.Dissatisfied.C.Bored.D.Exhausted.2.A.7:00.B.7:10.C.9:00.D.9:10.3.A.Acook.B.Ashopassistant.C.Asaleswoman.D.Awaitress.4.A.Atagasstation.B.Inaworkshop.C.Atanartgallery.D.Inadepartmentstore.5.A.Hehasn’thadachancetomeetKathyyet.B.Kathyhadalreadytoldhimthenews.C.Hedidn’tknowthatKathywasbeingmoved.D.HisnewofficewillbelocatedinNewYork.6.A.ThewomanwantstogotoToronto.B.ThemanwantstogotoVancouver.C.TherearenoflightstoToronto.D.TherearetwodirectflightstoToronto.7.A.Sheshoulddomorecarefulwork.B.SheisnotconcernedaboutGeorge’sremarks.C.Georgedoesnotcareabouther.D.Georgeshouldn’thavesaidmuchabouther.8.A.Shecan’taffordthatmuchforatrip.B.Sheisfortunatetohavemadealotofmoney.C.Shedoesn’tthink15,000dollarsisenoughforthetrip.D.Sheconsiders15,000dollarsonlyasmallsumofmoney.9.A.Playingtennis.B.Writingatermpaper.C.Gatheringmaterials.D.Holdingameeting.10.A.Themanwasseriouslyinjuredinthecaraccident.B.Themanhadpoorimaginationbecauseofthecaraccident.C.Themanwasn’twearingtheseatbeltwhentheaccidenthappened.D.Theman’sdaughteradvisedhimtoweartheseatbeltbeforehelefthome.SectionBQuestions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Futureresearchers.B.Collegestudents.C.panyemployees.D.Successfulartists.12.A.Toteachthelistenershowtoworkhard.B.Toenablethelistenerstogetbettersalaries.C.Topreparethelistenersfortheirfuturelife.D.Toencouragethelistenerstoseizeopportunities.13A.Kindness.B.Diligence.C.Willingness.D.Interest.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Thebenefitsofwalking.B.Theimportanceofkeepingfit.C.Thewayofformingahabit.D.Thepossibilityofexcisingregularly.15.A.Becauseitneedsmuchthinking.B.Becausepeoplecanimprovetheirmemory.C.Becauseitissuitableforeveryone.D.Becausepeopleneedn’tconcentrateonit.16.A.Itistheeasiestwaytoloseweight.B.Itcanbemadepartofpeople’slife.C.Itcanmakepeople’sheartsstronger.D.Itpreventspeoplesufferingfromcancers.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.HehasjustbeenbackfromSouthAmerica.B.Hehasbeenburntforafewhours.C.HehasbeensurfingtheInternetforlong.D.Hehasbeendoingschoolworkallnight.18.A.Tolookforsomethinginterestingforpleasure.B.Tomeetnewfriendsinthenetchatroom.C.Toreleasepressurefromheavywork.D.Tolookforinformationforhisproject.19.A.Quiteafewsitesarejustoldeventcalendars.B.It’sawasteoftimetosurftheInternet.C.Alotofinformationcanbefound.D.AlotoffriendscanbemadeontheInternet.20.A.Peoplespendmuchtimetalkingaboutotherinterests.B.Ittakeslongtofindthingsbecauseofmanyuselesssites.C.Itishardtostartchattingwithothersinthechatroom.D.It’shardlythebestsourceofinformationavailable.II.GrammarandVocabulary(共20分，每题1分)SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Takingashowerisrelaxing.Youcanhumasong,daydreamorthinkaboutnothing,leavingtherealworldbehindyou.Butdoyouknowthatshowering___1___alsobenefityourmind?AresearchbyScottBarryKaufman,apsychologistfromYaleUniversityintheUSinterviewedover3,000peoplearoundtheworld.___2___turnedoutthatnearlytwothirdsoftheintervieweessaidtheyexperiencednewideasintheshowerandweremorelikelytohavethemintheshowerthanatwork.Sowhydoesasimpleshowerhavesuchmagicpower?Sciencecanexplainit.Showeringcanhelptoraiseourlevelofdopamine,ahormone___3___(relate)toourcreativity.“People___4___(vary)intermsoftheirlevelofcreativityaccordingtotheactivityofdopamine”,explainedAliceFlaherty,afamousAmericanneuroscientist.“Takingawarmshowercanmakeusfeelrelaxedandthereforemakethedopaminelevelriseandbring‘Aha!'momenttous.”___5___thechemicalchanges,showeringmaygiveyouabreakfromwhatyoufeelyouhavebeenstuckwith.Especiallywhenyou___6___(think)hardalldayaboutaproblem,jumpingintotheshowercankeepyoufromtheoutsideworldsothatyoucanfocusonyourinnerfeelingsandmemories.Inthisway,accordingtoAmericanpsychologistShelleyH.Carson,authorofYourCreativeBrain,“ashoweringhourmayturnintoan‘incubation(孵化)period’foryourideas.”paredwithsittinginfrontofaputer,takingashowerissomethingwedo___7___(frequently)inourdailylife.Whenshowering,wegetafreshexperiencewiththechangeoflocation,temperatureandhumidity.“Newandunexpectedexperiencescanleadtopositivechangesinthinking,”explainedKaufman.“Gettingoffthecouchandjumpingintheshowermaycreateadistanceandforceyoutothinkfromanewperspective.”Showeringallowsustoenjoythecreativejuicesofourminds,butitneedn'tjustbeinthebathroomthatyougetyourinspiration.Forinstance,GertrudeStein,___8___femaleAmericanwriterandpoet,gotnewideasbydrivingaroundafarmandstoppingatdifferentcows___9___shefoundtheonethatmostinspiredher.Sotrytocreateyourownwaytofreeyourmind,____10____it'sawalkneartheocean,acountrydriveorreadingabookathome.【答案】1.can2.It3.related4.vary5.Besides6.havethought/havebeenthinking7.lessfrequently8.a9.until10.whether【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要列举说明淋浴对人的身心有益。【1题详解】考查情态动词。句意：但是你知道吗，淋浴也可以有益于你的头脑？分析句空处所在句是宾语从句，从句中主谓宾都有，且句意明了，而空后动词是动词原形，所以空处应填情态动词，又根据句意可知，空处是can，故填can。【2题详解】考查代词。句意：结果显示，近三分之二的受访者表示，他们在淋浴时体验到了新的想法，而且更有可能在淋浴时体验到，而不是在工作时。分析句子，it做形式主语，真正的主语是that之后的从句，故填It。【3题详解】考查非谓语。句意：淋浴可以帮助我们提升体内多巴胺的水平，这种激素是与我们的创造力有关。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语，且空前没有连词连接，所以空处是非谓语，berelatedto为固定短语，本句为过去分词作后置定语。故填related。【4题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：根据多巴胺的活动，人们的创造力水平会有所不同。分析句子，句中没有谓语，所以空处应是动词作谓语，又因句中讲述客观事实，所以时态用一般现在时，且与主语是主动关系，故填vary。【5题详解】考查介词。句意：除了那些化学变化之处，淋浴还可以让你暂时摆脱困扰你的事情。分析句子，空后是名词，空后句子主谓宾都有，空处应填介词，又根据句意，可知这里是表递进，又位于句首，故填Besides。【6题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：尤其是当你一整天都在思考一个问题的时候，冲个澡可以让你远离外面的世界，这样你就可以专注于你的内心感受和记忆。分析句子，空处所在从句没有谓语，所以空处需填动词作谓语，又根据句意可知，句中时态应用现在完成时，也可以用现在完成进行时，又因与主语是主动关系，故填havethought/havebeenthinking。【7题详解】考查副词比较级。句意：与坐在电脑前相比，我们在日常生活中洗澡的次数不是那么频繁。分析句子，句中paredwith说明是将坐在电脑前与淋浴相比较，且根据句意可知不是那么频繁，故填lessfrequently。【8题详解】考查冠词。句意：例如，GertrudeStein，一位美国女作家兼诗人在农场里开车，在不同的牛群前停留，直到找到最能激发她灵感的牛群，从而产生了新的想法。分析句子，空后是名词且为单数，根据句意，此处泛指“一位美国女作家兼诗人”，所以空处需填不定冠词，又因空后单词第一个字母发音不是元音而是辅音，故填a。【9题详解】考查连词。句意：例如，美国女作家和诗人GertrudeStein，在农场里开车，在不同的牛群前停留，直到找到最能激发她灵感的牛群，从而产生了新的想法。分析句子空前后是两个句子成分完整的句子，所以空处需要填连词，又根据句意可知，是表时间关系，故填until。【10题详解】考查连词。句意：所以不管是要去海边走走，在乡间开车还是在家看书，试着创造自己的方式去解放头脑。分析句子，空前后是句子，所以空处应是连词，根据句意，连词表让步，意为whether...or,“不管……(还是)”引导让步状语从句，故填whether。SectionBDirections:pletethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.scaleB.uniqueC.costD.distanceE.demonstrateF.intrudeG.diagnosesH.alarmingI.threatenJ.falseK.crucialThehumanfaceisaremarkablepieceofwork.Theastonishingvarietyoffacialfeatureshelpspeoplerecognizeeachotherandis___11___totheformationofplexsocieties.Soistheface’sabilitytosendemotionalsignals,whetherthroughaninvoluntaryyawnora(n)___12___smile.Peoplespendmuchoftheirwakinglivesreadingfaces.Technologyisrapidlycatchingup.InAmericafacialrecognitionisusedbychurchestotrackworshippers’attendance.In2017,Welshpoliceusedittoarrestasuspectoutsideafootballgame.Althoughfacesare___13___toindividuals,theyarealsopublic,sotechnologydoesnot,atfirstsight,___14___onsomethingthatisprivate.Andyettheabilitytorecord,storeandanalyzeimagesoffacescheaply,quicklyandonavast___15___promisesonedaytobringaboutfundamentalchangestonotionsofprivacy,fairnessandtrust.Startwithprivacy.Onebigdifferencebetweenfacesandotherbiologicaldata,suchasfingerprints,isthattheyworkata(n)___16___.Anyonewithaphonecantakeapictureforfacialrecognitionprogramstouse.PhotographsofhalfofAmerica’sadultpopulationarestoredindatabasesthatcanbeusedbytheFBItotrackcriminals,butatenormouspotential___17___tocitizens’privacy.Thefaceisnotjustanametag.Itdisplaysalotofotherinformation—andmachinescanreadthat,too.Again,thatpromisesbenefits.Somefirmsareanalyzingfacestoprovideautomated___18___ofraregeneticdisordersfarearlierthanwouldotherwisebepossible.Butthetechnologyalsothreatens.ResearchersatStanfordUniversity___19___that,whenshownpicturesofonegayman,andonestraightman,thesystemcouldidentifytheirsexualitycorrectly81%ofthetime.Humansmanagedonly61%.Incountrieswherehomosexualityisacrime,softwarewhichpromisestoinfersexualityfromafaceisa(n)____20____prospect.【答案】11.K12.J13.B14.F15.A16.D17.C18.G19.E20.H【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人脸识别技术在社会各个领域中的应用情况。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：惊人的面部特征多样性帮助人们互相识别，并且对复杂社会的形成至关重要。根据上文is可知空处作表语，结合句意表示“至关重要”可知应填形容词crucial。故填crucial。故选K。【12题详解】考查形容词。句意：面部传递情感信号的能力也同样如此，无论是通过无意识的打哈欠还是虚假的微笑。修饰后文名词smile，结合句意表示“虚假的”应用形容词false。故填false。故选J。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然脸是个人独有的，但它们也是公开的，所以乍一看，技术不会侵犯隐私。根据上文are可知空处作表语，结合句意表示“独有的”应用形容词unique。故填unique。故选B。【14题详解】考查动词。句意：虽然脸是个人独有的，但它们也是公开的，所以乍一看，技术不会侵犯隐私。空处作谓语，结合句意表示“侵犯”可知应填动词intrude，此处为否定陈述句，应填动词原形。故填intrude。故选F。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：然而，廉价、快速和大规模地记录、存储和分析人脸图像的能力，承诺有一天会给隐私、公平和信任的概念带来根本性的变化。结合句意表示“大规模地”可知短语为onavastscale。故填scale。故选A。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：人脸和指纹等其他生物数据的一大区别在于，它们的工作距离较远。结合句意表示“有相当距离，在远处”可知短语为atadistance。故填distance。故选D。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：美国一半成年人的照片被存储在数据库中，联邦调查局可以利用这些数据库来追踪罪犯，但这可能会给公民的隐私带来巨大的潜在损失。空处作宾语，结合句意表示“损失”应用不可数名词cost。故填cost。故选C。【18题详解】考查名词。句意：一些公司正在通过分析人脸来为罕见的遗传疾病提供自动诊断，这比其他方法可能提供的时间要早得多。空处作宾语，结合句意表示“诊断”应用名词diagnosis，diagnosis为可数名词，此处前文没有冠词，应用复数diagnoses。故填diagnoses。故选G。【19题详解】考查动词。句意：斯坦福大学的研究人员证明，当展示一个男同性恋和一个异性恋男子的照片时，系统可以正确识别他们的性取向，准确率达81%。空处作谓语，结合句意表示“证明”应用动词demonstrate，陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词用原形。故填demonstrate。故选E。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：在同性恋是一种犯罪行为的国家，能从人脸推断出性取向的软件前景令人担忧。修饰后文名词prospect，结合句意表示“令人担忧的”应用形容词alarming，作定语。故填alarming。故选H。III.ReadingprehensionSectionAPlacebos（安慰剂）ProvePowerfulManydoctorsknowthestoryof“Mr.Wright”.In1957hewasdiagnosedwithcancer,andgivenonlydaystolive.Hehadtumours（肿瘤）thesizeoforanges.Heheardthatscientistshaddiscoveredanewmedication,Krebiozen,thatwas___21___againstcancer,andhebeggedthedoctortogiveittohim.Hisphysician,DrPhillipWest,finallyagreed.AfterMr.WrighthadbeengivenaninjectiononaFridayafternoon,the___22___doctorfoundhispatientoutofhis“deathbed”,jokingwiththenursesthefollowingMonday.“Thetumours”,thedoctorwrotelater,“had___23___likesnowballsonahotstove.”Twomonthslater,Wrightreadmedicalreportsthatthemedicationwasfake.Hisconditionimmediatelygotworseagain.“Don’t___24___whatyoureadinpapers,”thedoctortoldWright.Thenheinjectedhimwithwhathesaidwas“anewsuperrefineddoublestrength”versionofthedrug.___25___,therewasnodrug,justamixofsaltandwater,butagainitworked.WrightwasthepictureofhealthforanothertwomonthsuntilhereadanofficialreportsayingthatKrebiozenwas___26___.Hediedtwodayslater.Thisstoryhasbeen___27___bydoctorsforalongtime,dismissedasoneofthosestrangetalesthatmedicinecannotexplain.Theideathatapatient’s___28___canmakeafataldiseasegoawayhasbeenthoughtofastoostrange.Butnowscientistsarediscoveringthattheplaceboeffectismorepowerfulthananyonehadeverthought.Theyarealsobeginningtodiscoverhowsuchmiraculousresultsare___29___.Throughnewtechniquesofbrainimagery,itcanbeshownthatathought,abelieforadesirecancausechemicalprocessesinthebrainwhichcanhavepowerfuleffectsonthe____30____.Scientistsarelearningthatsomebodyreactionsarenotcausedbyinformationingintothebrainfromtheoutsideworld,butbywhatthebrain____31____tohappennext.Placebosare“liesthat____32____,”saidDrAnneHarrington,ahistorianofscienceatHarvardUniversity.“ThewordplaceboisLatinfor“Ishallplease”(orIshallmakeyouhappy)anditistypicallyatreatmentthatadoctorgivesto____33____patientstopleasethem,”shesaid.“Itlookslikemedication,buthasnohealingingredientswhatsoever.”Nowadays,doctorshavemuchmorepowerfulmedicinestofightdisease.Butthesetreatmentshavenotdiminished（减弱）thepoweroftheplacebo,quitethe____34____.Maybewhenscientistsfullyunderstandhowplaceboswork,thepowerfulhealingeffectsofthehuman____35____willbeusedmoresystematically!21.A.vague B.unique C.effective D.impossible22.A.astonished B.disappointed C.exhausted D.experienced23.A.expanded B.melted C.accumulated D.moved24.A.takedown B.lookfor C.makeout D.careabout25.A.Actually B.Moreover C.Meanwhile D.Consequently26.A.beneficial B.popular C.worthless D.available27.A.studied B.ignored C.invented D.spread28.A.struggles B.promises C.rights D.beliefs29.A.achieved B.neglected C.emphasized D.mixed30.A.brain B.doctor C.body D.process31.A.advises B.expects C.instructs D.forbids32.A.heal B.hurt C.exist D.fade33.A.optimistic B.careful C.peculiar D.anxious34.A.point B.opposite C.time D.adventure35.A.relation B.strength C.being D.mind【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.A26.C27.B28.D29.A30.C31.B32.A33.D34.B35.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。通过Wright先生的故事，说明了安慰剂虽没有治疗成分，但有强大作用。这主要是和大脑会预期发生什么事有关。21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他听说科学家们发现了一种新的药物——克氏菌素(Krebiozen)，可以有效地治疗癌症，于是他请求医生给他服用。A.vague模糊的；B.unique独特的；C.effective有效的；D.impossible不可能的。根据后文中，他听说此药物无效后病情恶化，可知，此处是听说药物对病情有效，所以才请求服用的。故选C。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：医生惊讶地发现他的病人已经从“死亡之床”上爬了起来。A.astonished吃惊的；B.disappointed失望的；C.exhausted筋疲力尽的；D.experienced熟练的。Wright先生从“死亡之床”上爬起来，可知医生应该是非常的惊讶。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：像滚烫的火炉上的雪球一样融化了。A.expanded扩大；B.melted融化；C.accumulated积累；D.moved移动。根据常识可知，雪球在火炉上会融化。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词短语。句意：不要在意你在报告上读到什么。A.takedown记下；B.lookfor寻找；C.makeout理解；D.careabout在意。Wright先生在医学报告上看见其实那个药物没有效果，病情恶化，此处医生应该是说不要在意报告上的话。故选D。【25题详解】考查副词。句意：事实上，没有药物，只有盐和水的混合物，但它又起作用了。A.Actually事实上；B.Moreover而且；C.Meanwhile同时；D.Consequently因此。医生说那是一种新的超精炼的双倍强度的药物，但“实际上”它并没有药效。故选A。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Wright的健康状况又持续了两个月，直到他读到一份官方报告，说Krebiozen毫无价值。A.beneficial有益的；B.popular流行的；C.worthless无价值的；D.available可获得的。Wright看到报告后两天就去世了，可知他看到的应该是不好的消息，则Krebiozen是毫无价值的。故选C。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个故事长期以来一直被医生们忽视，被认为是医学无法解释的奇闻异事之一。A.studied研究；B.ignored忽视；C.invented发明；D.spread伸展。这个现象无法解释，而且很奇怪；直到后来科学家发现安慰剂作用真的很强大，也开始去探究它们为什么有那么大的功效。可知，这个无法解释的问题以前一直被忽视，后来科学家才探究它。故选B。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：认为病人的信念可以使绝症消失的想法一直被认为太奇怪了。A.struggles斗争；B.promises约定；C.rights权利；D.beliefs信念。安慰剂没有治疗作用，病人们的好转只能是因为他们的信念，故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们也开始去发现这些神奇的结果是如何被实现的。A.achieved完成，实现；B.neglected忽视；C.emphasized强调；D.mixed混合。根据后文可知，此处说的是科学家们去探究安慰剂是如何实现有治疗作用的，即那些结果是怎样被实现的。故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过大脑成像的新技术，可以证明，一个想法、一个信念或一个愿望可以引起大脑中的化学过程，对身体有强大的影响。A.brain头脑；B.doctor医生；C.body身体；D.process过程。根据上文可知，人的信念、想法对身体状况有很大影响，故此处说的是这些想法引起大脑中的化学过程，对身体有着很大影响。故选C。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：而是由大脑预期接下来会发生什么引起的。A.advises建议；B.expects预料；C.instructs命令；D.forbids禁止。空前说的是一些身体反应不是由外界信息进入大脑引起的，而根据空后的happennext，故此处是说大脑对接下来会发生什么进行预期。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：安慰剂是“可以治愈的谎言”。A.heal治愈；B.hurt使疼痛；C.exist生存；D.fade逐渐消失。安慰剂虽没有治疗作用，但却可以让病人们好转，所以安慰剂是有治愈作用却是谎言一般的存在。故选A。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它通常是医生为了让焦虑的病人高兴而给他们的一种治疗。A.optimistic乐观的；B.careful仔细的；C.peculiar罕见的；D.anxious焦虑的。根据前面提到，安慰剂这个词在拉丁语里的意思是“我会让你高兴”，可知它应该是为了让“焦虑的”病人高兴起来。故选D。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这些治疗并没有削弱安慰剂的作用，恰恰相反。A.point要点；B.opposite对立面；C.time时间；D.adventure冒险。quitetheopposite恰恰相反。治疗没有削弱安慰剂的作用，反而更有助于病情好转，此处指情况正好相反。故选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人类大脑强大的治愈作用将会被更系统地使用!A.relation关系；B.strength力量；C.being存在；D.mind大脑。根据上文可知，安慰剂本身没有治疗作用，身体好转是人类大脑的原因，故此处说的是人类“大脑”强大的治愈作用。故选D。SectionB(A)WewenttotheT.B.BlackstoneLibrary,notfarfromLakeMichigan.Youcouldeasilymissthebuildingifyoudidn’tknowwhatyouwerelookingfor.Butonceyouwereinside,youcouldnevermistakeitforanythingelse.Wepassedthroughtwosetsofheavybrassdoorstothelobbyofthelibrary.Andifweturnedrightthen,wecouldseeanalcovewithtables;thisled,inturn,toabigreadingroomwithagiganticandancientglobethatsatinfrontofthelargestwindows.IlikedtolookatAfrica,withthecodedcoloursofthedifferentcountriesliketheBelgianCongoandRhodesia,andtrytorememberwhichcountrieswerefightingtobefreejustaswewerestrugglingforcivilrights.IhadheardDaddytalkingaboutthestruggle,arguingwiththetelevisionassomeonediscusseditonanewsshow.OneSaturday,asIwanderedthroughtheyoungadultsection,Isawatitle:LittleWomen,byLouisaMayAlcott.Icouldtellfromlookingattheshelfthatshe'dwrittenalotofbooks,butIdidn'tknowanythingabouther.Ihadlearnedfromexperiencethattitlesweren'teverything.Abookthatsoundedgreatontheshelfcouldbedullonceyougotithome,andeverybadbookIbroughthomemeantonelessbooktoreaduntilwewentbackintwoweeks.SoIsatinachairneartheshelvestoskimthefirstparagraphs:"Christmaswon'tbeChristmaswithoutanypresents,"grumbledJo,lyingontherug."It’ssodreadfultobepoor!"sighedMeg,lookingdownatherolddress."Idon'tthinkit’sfairforsomegirlstohaveplentyofprettythings,andothergirlsnothingatall,"addedlittleAmy,withaninjuredsniff."We’vegotFatherandMotherandeachother,"saidBethcontentedlyfromhercorner.ItwasagoodthingI’dalreadydecidedonsomeotherbookstotakehome,becauseIdidn’tlookthroughtherestofthesectionthatday.IreadandreadandreadLittleWomenuntilitwastimetowalkhome,and,exceptforafewessentialinterruptionslikesleepingandeating,Iwouldnotputitdownuntiltheend.EventhefreedomtowatchweekendtelevisionheldnoappealformeinthewakeofAlcott’sstory.Itwasaboutgirls,foronething,girlswhocouldalmostbelikeme,especiallyJo.Itseemedtomeashamethatshewasn'tBlack;thenoursimilaritywouldbeplete.Shelovedtoread,shelovedtomakeupplays,shehatedactingladylike,andshehadadreadfultemper.Ihadfoundakindredspirit.36.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheauthor’sfatheraccordingtoParagraphOne?A.Hewasunfortablediscussingpoliticswithhischildren.B.HehadstrongfeelingsabouttheCivilRightsmovement.C.HedidnotapproveofmostnewscoveredonTV.D.Hegenerallyhadapessimisticworldview.37.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraphTwothattheauthorismostlikelytoagree_________.A.booksseemdullerwhenreadinlibrariesthanwhenreadathomeBinterestingbooksareoftenverydullintheirfirstfewparagraphsC.novelsareusuallymoreinterestingthannonfictionworksD.booktitlescansometimesbemisleading38.TheauthorquotessomelinesfromLittleWomaninanattemptto_________.A.conveytheimpactofanunexpecteddiscovery B.describeayoungreader’ssenseofhistoryC.illustratethecharactersinthebook D.explainachild’smisunderstanding39.TheauthorlistsseveralthingsaboutJoprimarilyto_________.A.challengeaninterpretation B.highlightsomedifferencesC.stressaparison D.developadisapprovingopinion【答案】36.B37.D38.A39.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文中主要记叙了作者无意中阅读了LouisaMayAlcott的《小妇人》一书，这本书让作者着迷，除了睡觉和吃饭等一些必要的干扰外，一直读到最后才罢休。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“IlikedtolookatAfrica,withthecodedcoloursofthedifferentcountriesliketheBelgianCongoandRhodesia,andtrytorememberwhichcountrieswerefightingtobefreejustaswewerestrugglingforcivilrights.IhadheardDaddytalkingaboutthestruggle,arguingwiththetelevisionassomeonediscusseditonanewsshow.(我喜欢看非洲，不同国家用不同的颜色标记，比如比属刚果和罗得西亚，并试着记住哪些国家在为自由而战，就像我们在为民权而战一样。我曾听爸爸谈论过这场斗争，就像新闻节目中有人讨论和争论的一样)”可推知，作者父亲对民权运动有强烈的感情。故选B。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Ihadlearnedfromexperiencethattitlesweren'teverything.Abookthatsoundedgreatontheshelfcouldbedullonceyougotithome,andeverybadbookIbroughthomemeantonelessbooktoreaduntilwewentbackintwoweeks.(我的经验告诉我，书名并不代表一切。一本在书架上听起来很棒的书，一旦你把它带回家，可能就会变得乏味，而我带回家的每一本坏书，都意味着在我们两周后回去之前，可以读的书少了一本)”可推知，作者很可能同意书名有时会误导人。故选D。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“OneSaturday,asIwanderedthroughtheyoungadultsection,Isawatitle:LittleWomen,byLouisaMayAlcott.Icouldtellfromlookingattheshelfthatshe'dwrittenalotofbooks,butIdidn'tknowanythingabouther.(一个星期六，我在青年区闲逛，看到了一个标题：LouisaMayAlcott的《小妇人》。我看了看书架就知道她写了很多书，但我对她一无所知)”以及最后一段中“IreadandreadandreadLittleWomenuntilitwastimetowalkhome,and,exceptforafewessentialinterruptionslikesleepingandeating,Iwouldnotputitdownuntiltheend.EventhefreedomtowatchweekendtelevisionheldnoappealformeinthewakeofAlcott’sstory.(我读啊，读啊，读《小妇人》，一直读到该回家的时候。除了睡觉和吃饭等一些必要的干扰外，我一直读到最后才罢休。在奥尔科特的故事之后，甚至周末看电视的自由对我也没有吸引力)”可推知，作者在文中引用了《小妇人》中的几句话，是在试图传达一项意外发现的影响。故选A。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Itwasaboutgirls,foronething,girlswhocouldalmostbelikeme,especiallyJo.Itseemedtomeashamethatshewasn'tBlack;thenoursimilaritywouldbeplete.Shelovedtoread,shelovedtomakeupplays,shehatedactingladylike,andshehadadreadfultemper.Ihadfoundakindredspirit.(首先，它是关于女孩的，那些几乎可以像我一样的女孩，尤其是Jo。在我看来，她不是黑人是一种耻辱；这样我们就完全相似了。她喜欢读书，喜欢编剧本，讨厌表现得像个贵妇人，她的脾气糟透了。我找到了一个志趣相投的人)”可推知，作者列出了一些关于Jo的事情，主要是为了强调作者与Jo的比较。故选C。(B)“Gettingeven”isbeingincreasinglypopularaslifegetsmorestressful.Herearesomeofthestories.StoryAAfteralongrunningconflictbetweenneighbors,oneofthefamilieswentonvacationfortwoweeksinthesummer.Theotherneighbortookadvantageoftheirabsencetoputtwopintsofmaggots,theyoungformofflies,throughtheneighbor’sletterslotonthefrontdoor.Thefamilyreturnedtoahousefullofflies.StoryDAn80yearoldwomanwasincourt,chargedwithshoplifting.Thejudgeaskedherwhatshehadstolen.“Acanofpeaches,”repliedthewoman.“Howmanypeacheswereinthecan?”askedthejudge.Sherepliedthatthereweresix.“ThenI’IIgiveyousixdaysinjail,”saidthejudge.Beforehehadtimetocontinue,thewoman'shusbandadded.“Shealsostoleacanofpeas.”StoryBRudecustomerstendtodrivestaffinrestaurantscrazy.Onechefconfessedthatafteracustomerhaddemandedthatthesauceberemovedfromhisburger,shelickedthesauceoffitandthensentitbacktothecustomer.StoryCAputertechnicianwasangeredwhenhistemporarypositionwasterminatedsohedeliberatelybroughtdownfiveofeightnetworkservers.Allthedataintheserverswasdeletedandnonewasrecoverable.AsaresultthepanywasforcedtoshutitsNewYorkofficefortwodaysandsufferedlossesofmorethanS100,000.StoryEAdoctorwascalledoutat2a.m.tovisitapatientwholivedontheoutskirtsoftown.Whenhearrived,hediscoveredthatitwasnot,infact,anemergency,andthepatientcouldeasilyhavewaiteduntilthenextdaytovisithiminhisoffice.Imaginethepatient'ssurprisewhenthedoctordroppedbyintheearlyhoursofthefollowingmorningtocheckifhewasOK!40.Wherecanyoumostprobablyreadthis?A.InNewsDaily.B.InourEnglishtextbook.C.Inabookletdistributedbyatravelagency.D.Inamagazineintendedtoprovideentertainment.41.WhichofthefollowingpicturesbestillustratesStoryA?A. B.C. D.42.Thebesttitleof_________canbemitmenttotheProfession.A.StoryB. B.StoryC. C.C.StoryD. D.StoryE.【答案】40.D41.B42.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要描述了几个加倍“报复”的故事。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Herearesomeofthestories.”，这里有几个这样的故事，可知文章主要在描述故事，而故事主题是关于报复的，所以是给人提供娱乐的，D项表示文章会出现在在一本意在娱乐的杂志上，符合题意，故选D项。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据StoryA中“Theotherneighbortookadvantageoftheirabsencetoputtwopintsofmaggots,theyoungformofflies,throughtheneighbor’sletterslotonthefrontdoor.”另一个邻居利用他们不在家的机会，在邻居家前门的投信孔里放了两品脱的蛆虫——一种苍蝇的幼虫。可知，图B符合故事A，故选B项。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据故事E中的“Adoctorwascalledoutat2a.m.tovisitapatientwholivedontheoutskirtsoftown.”一位医生在凌晨两点被召去看望一位住在市郊的病人。和“Imaginethepatient'ssurprisewhenthedoctordroppedbyintheearlyhoursofthefollowingmorningtocheckifhewasOK!”可以想象一下，当医生第二天凌晨来检查病人是否没事时，病人有多惊讶!可知医生非常敬业，符合题意，故选D项。(C)ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIhavebeendumpedbyafriend.Ishouldhaveseeniting:thephonecallsnotreturned,theexcusesabout‘notfeelingverysociablerightnow’...Yetthelettersuggestingthatthetimehadeforustomoveonstillcameasashock.TulaandIhadbeenfirmfriendsfornearlytenyears.Wemetatasingingworkshopandtookoneachotherimmediately.Butlifechangedforbothofus:Igotmarriedandsherespondedtohersinglestatusbydevelopingafreshsetofsocialnetworks.Thenshetookalongholiday,reviewedherlifeanddecidedwhattokeepandwhattothrowout.Inherlettershedescribedourfriendshipasa‘borderline’caseandsuggesteditshouldbetimewe‘leteachothergo’.I’mallforlettinggoofbadhabitsandboxesofoldschoolexercisebooks.Butsurelyclosefriendsarenotconsumergoodstobediscardedorreplacedatthefirsthintoftrouble?Weareencouragedtobelievethatfriendswillbearoundforever.‘You’vegotafriend,’sangCaroleKingand‘I'llbethereforyou’promisedthethemetuneofFriends.Suchsentimentshavesunkdeepintothecollectiveunconsciousness,orintomine,atleast.Certainly,thestatisticsindicatethatweneedfriendsmorethanever.Governmentfigurespredictthattheproportionofmarriedmenandwomenagedfrom45to54willfallbyaquarterinthenexttwodecades.ArecentBritishsurveyfoundthattwothirdsofeighteento35yearoldsinBritainturntofriendsbeforefamilyforhelpandadvice.Yes,theargumentgoes,inafastmoving,everchangingworld,friendshipisourrock,theonethingwecantrulyrelyon.Butinhisbook,ThePhilosophyofFriendship,MarkVernonsuggestsotherwise.Hecautionsthatweplaceunrealisticburdensonfriendship,thatit'sunreasonabletoexpectfriendstofulfi