高职英语第一册-unit-3

QingDaoQiushiCollege

Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglish－－高职公共英语教程1高职公共英语教程Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglishUnit3TextTheFirstChineseTextexerciseFastReadingTheGreatWallofChinaFastreadingexerciseGrammarTensesofthePastGrammarexerciseWord-BuildingUnit3TheFirstChineseChinaistheoldestlivingcivilizationintheworld.ItdidnotstartasearlyasAncientEgyptorothercivilizationsbutallthesecametoanend.Chinahascontinuedtothepresentday.PeopleinChinawerelivingcivilizedlivesandmakingbeautifulthingswhentheGreekswerestillsavages.CountriesaroundChina,VietnamandKorea,forexample,learnedagreatdealfromChinaaboutcivilizedlife-howtoliveincommunities,forexample,andhowtowrite.高职公共英语教程Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglishchinesebacknextHOME

2.NooneissurewherethefirstpeopleinChinacamefrom.WedoknowthatthebonesofsomeofthefirstpeopletoexisthavebeenunearthenednearBeijing,thecapitalofChina,neartheYellowRiverValley.Therearemanylegendsabouthowtheworldcameintobeingandwhothefirstkingswere.Onelegendtellsoftheappearanceintheskyoftensuns,whichscorchedtheearth.Thegreatarcher,HouYi,shotthemalldownbutone

withhisbowandarrows.OtherstoriestellofhowShenNonginventedfarming,andofhowHuangDi,theYellowEmperor,inventedtheskillsofpottery,ofraisingsilkwormsandofweavingcloth.高职公共英语教程Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglishchinesepreviewnextbackHOME3.Thenthestoriestellhow,whenShunwasking,therewasaterribleflood.Shunpromisedallhiskingdomtoanyonewhocouldharnesstherivers.TheheroYu,agreedtodothis,andheworkedwithoutstoppingforthirteenyears.Hebuiltdamsandchangedthedirectionofrivers.Theretimeshepassedthedoorofhishouse.Everytimehepassedby,heheardhischildrencryingforhim,buthewouldnotgohomeuntilhehadfinishedallhiswork.Thisgreathero,whosavedtheworldfromflood,becameemperorofChina.HewasthefirstoftheXiadynasty,orfamilyofkings.HeruledthefirstChinesestatesomewhereintheYellowRivervalley.Thismayhavebeenabout2200B.C.高职公共英语教程Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglishchinesepreviewnextbackHOME4.TheChinese,likeallthepeopleinEurope,thoughtthattheworldwasflat.Theythoughtitwasgiganticandsquare,andrestedonfourgreatcolumns,surroundedbysea.TheybelievedthatChinalayatthecenteroftheearth,andsotheycalledtheircountrytheMiddleKingdom.Formanycenturiestheyweresurroundedbyuncivilizedtribesandtheyknewnothingabouttherestoftheworld.Theybelievedthattheyweretheonlycivilizedpeopleintheworldandthattheyhadnothingtolearnfromanyothercountry.Insomeways,theywereright!高职公共英语教程Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglishchinesepreviewnextbackHOME5.Whenthefamoustraveler,MacroPolo,traveledfromVenicetoBeijinginthe13thcentury,hewasverysurprisedbywhathefoundinChina.Therewerenotonlygreatcities.ThereweremanythingswhichwereunknowninEurope.Forexample,theChinesehadalreadyinventedgunpowderandthecompassandtheyknewhowtoprintbooks.TheChinesehavemadegreatcontributionstothecivilizationofmankind高职公共英语教程Technical&VocationalCollegeEnglishchinesepreviewbackHOMEChinaistheoldestlivingcivilizationintheworld.

中国是世界上最悠久的文明国家。living:existing;alivenow活着的e.g.Heisbelievedtobeoneofthebestlivingpainters.他被认为是在世的最好的画家之一。THOMEPeopleinChinawerelivingcivilizedlives…中国人已经过上了文明生活…英语中，动宾词组中，宾语全部或局部地重复动词意思，这个宾语被称作是同根宾语。singasongdreamadreamfightagoodfightdieamiserabledeathe.g.一些动词，通常是不及物动词可以加同根宾语，并且该宾语常有定语来修饰。Oldasheis,helivesthelifeofayoungman.Shetoldmeshehaddreamedasweatdream.Ihaveneverspokenawordtohim,buteverytimeheseesmehesmilesastrangesmile.e.g.HOMECometoanend:告终，结束，完结Atlonglast,thewarcametoanend.e.g.T终于战争结束了。HOMENooneissure...—ausefulexpression没人能确定Nooneissurewhattodonext.Nooneissurewhenhisseeminglyendlessspeechwillcometoanend.e.g.TT没有人能确定下一步做什么。没人知道他滔滔不绝的演讲什么时候结束。HOMEWedoknowthatthebonesofsomeofthefirstpeopletoexisthavebeenunearthednearBeijing,thecapitalofChina,neartheYellowRivervalley.IncolloquialEnglish,“do”isusedtostrengthenastatement.Idohopeyou’llstayhereforanothertwoorthreedays.HedoesspeakEnglishwell!unearth:1)tofindoutthetruthaboutsomething揭露；发现2〕tofindsomethingaftersearchingforit,especiallysomethingthathasbeenburiedintheground开掘，掘出〔尤指埋藏于地下的东西〕thecapitalofChina在句子中作插入语，进一步说明解释一下前面出现的Beijing。Thereporterhadunearthedsomeimportantsecretsabouther.记者已发现了有关她的一些重要秘密。博物馆展出了许多出土文物。Manyunearthedculturalrelicswereexhibitedatthemuseum.e.g.e.g.TTHOMEOnelegendtellsoftheappearanceintheskyoftensuns,whichscorchedtheearth.其中一个讲的是天上曾出现过10个太阳，烤焦了大地，tellof:

描述scorch:makeveryhotanddry使烧焦,变焦.Iscorchedmynewshirtwiththeiron.Hishandstellofheavylabor.他的双手显示他干的是粗活。这些墙被大火烧黑了。e.g.TTHOMEThewallshadbeenblackenedandscorchedbythefire.allbut:除…之外，所有的Shehasreadallthebooksbutonlyoneonthebookshelf.e.g.T除了书架上的那本书以外，他读遍了其它所有的书。HOMEShunpromisedallhiskingdomtoanyonewhocouldharnesstherivers.promise:totellsomeonethatyouwilldefinitelydosomethingorthatsomethingwillhappen保证，容许promisesthtosb:promisetodosthpromisesbsth=promisetogivesomeonesomething容许给某人某物Ican’tgiveyouthebook—I’vepromisedittoTom.我不能把这本书给你—我已经容许给汤姆了。Ipromisetoreturnyourbicycleongoodcondition.我容许一定完好无损地还你的自行车。Thecompanypromisedusabonusthisyear.公司容许今年给我们发奖金。又如：e.g.e.g.e.g.TTTHOMEharness:tocontrolandusethenaturalforceorpowerofsomething治理利用〔自然力等〕：Wecanharnessthepowerofthewindtomakeelectricity.Harnessariver/awaterfall/thesun’sraysasasourceofenergy我们可以利用风力发电.利用河水/瀑布/太阳光作为一种能源e.g.

TTHOMEEverytimehepassedby,heheardhischildren…Everytime可以用作附属连词用来引导一个时间状语从句，还有eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,bythetime,themoment,theminute,theinstant,theday,themonth,theyear等等。HOMEsavefrom:从…救出Thesoliderwhosavedtheboyfromdrowningwaspraisedbyhisofficer.e.g.T那个救了溺水儿童的士兵受到了他上司的表扬。HOMEreston:

rest(sth)on/againststh搁在…上，支持在…上Hisheadrestedonmyshoulder.Sherestedherelbowson/againstthetable.他的头依在我的肩膀上。她把肘部靠在了桌子上。e.g.TTHOMEinsomeways:

在某种程度上，在某些方面Manypeopledisagreedwithhim,butinfacthewasrightinsomeways.e.g.T很多人都不认同他，但实际上在某些方面他其实是正确的。HOMEMakecontributionto:对…作出奉献ThelatepremiermadegreatcontributionstonewChina.前任总理对新中国作出了巨大的奉献。e.g.THOMEReadingComprehensionI.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.Accordingtothepassage_________.A.theChinesecivilizationexistedbeforethatofAncientEgyptC.somecivilizationscameintobeingearlierthantheChinesecivilizationD.thecivilizationofChinaistheoldestcivilizationintheworldKEYB.thecivilizationofAncientEgyptcameintobeingearlierthantheChinesecivilizationHOME2.FromwheredidthefirstChinesepeoplecome?A.CountriesaroundChina.B.SomewherenearBeijing.C.TheYellowRivervalley.D.Nooneknowsforsure.KEYHOMEKEY3.YubecameemperorofChinabecause_______.A.ShunlikedhimB.hedidnotgohomeforthirteenyearsC.hesavedtheworldfromfloodD.hewasthefirstherointheXiadynastyHOMEKEY4.Accordingtolegends,farmingwasinventedby______.A.ShenNongB.YuC.theYellowEmperorD.ShunHOMEKEY5.TheChinesecalledtheircountrythe“MiddleKingdom”because______.A.theybelievedthattheyweretheonlycivilizedpeopleintheworldB.theyweresurroundedbyuncivilizedtribesC.theythoughtthatthecountryrestedonfourgreatcolumnsD.theybelievedthatChinawasatthecenteroftheworldHOMEKEY6.Theauthormentionsallthefollowingexceptthat______.A.ChinaisoneoftheoldestcivilizationsintheworldB.MarcoPolowassurprisedbytheinventionsofChineseC.VietnamandKoreaareamongthemostcivilizedcountriesD.Atthattime,ChinawasmorecivilizedthanEuropeHOME

a.awallbuilttokeepbackwater

b.thelandthroughwhichariverflows

c.amemberofanuncivilizedtribe

d.besupported(onor

againstsomething

e.comingintobeing

f.groupofpersonshavingthesamereligion,race,etc.

g.anoldstoryhandeddownforgenerations1.Community2.appearance3.dynasty4pass5.rest6.valley7.damI.FindthedefinitioninColumnBwhichmatchesthewordinColumnA.ABfejidbaHOMEVocabulary8.legend9.tribe10.savageghch.racialgrouplivingasacommunityunderoneormorechiefsi.amagneticneedlewhichalwayspointstothenorthj.theperiodduringwhichacertainfamilyrulesII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformswherenecessary.Suchthingsshouldnotbeallowedtohappeninasociety.Everyoneshouldinvestsometimeinservice.Thecityisonallsidesbyhills.Don’tjudgeonebyhis.Themurderer’sidentityremains.Yourroomiscomparedtomine.Thatjoblastmonth.Hehisfrienddrowning.civilizedcommunitysurroundedappearanceunknowngiganticcametoanendsavedfromHOME________________________________________________________________________________9.,I’dratherhewasn’tinvolvedatall.10.Thewomenearntheirlivingby._____________Insomeways_______weavingStructureI.Rewritethefollowingsentencesafterthemodelbyusingnot…..until.1.Thebusesleaveonlywhenalltheseatsaretaken.2.IshallgotobedassoonasIhavefinishedmywork.Model:Hewouldgohomeonlywhenhehadfinishedallhiswork.→Hewouldnotgohomeuntilhehadfinishedallhiswork.Thebusesdoesn’tleaveuntilalltheseatsaretaken.IshallnotgotobeduntilIhavefinishedmywork.HOME________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.HearrivedonWednesdaymorning.4.OnlyyesterdaydidIlearnthenews.5.Wewillleaveonlywhentheotherguestshavegone.Hedidn’tarriveuntilonWednesdaymorning.Ididn’tlearnthenewsuntilyesterday.Wewillnotleaveuntiltheotherguestshavegone.HOME_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.Therearemanylegendsabouthowtheworldcameintobeingandwhothefirstkingswere.II.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese2.Shunpromisedallhiskingdomtoanyonewhocouldharnesstherivers.3.Wecancometotheconclusionthatweshouldneverworryabouttomorrow.Whatwehavetodoisjusttoenjoylifetoday.关于世界是如何形成的以及最早的国王是谁，有很多传说。舜许诺说，任何一个能够治理好河流的人，将成为国王。我们可以得出结论，即永远不应为明天担忧。我们要做的是享受今天的生活。4.Formanycenturiestheyweresurroundedbyuncivilizedtribesandtheyknewnothingabouttherestoftheworld.5.Itisonlywhenpeopletrytoliveonaveryrestricteddietthatitisnecessarytomakespecialprovisiontosupplythemissingvitamins.很多世纪以来，他们四周都是野蛮部落，他们对世界上的其它地方一无所知。只有当人们试图限制饮食减肥时，才有必要注意补充体内流失的各种维生素。Thebooktellsofhowthestudentsshouldovercomethedifficultiesintheirstudies.EverybodyisherebutJohn.3.这本书谈到了学生们应如何克服学习中遇到的困难。4.除了约翰之外，所有同学都到了。HOME5.直到午夜，雨才停止。Theraindidn’tstopuntilmidnight.III.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.没有人能肯定他们的那场斗争是什么时候结束。Nooneissurewhentheirfightcametoanend.2.你知道是谁把这孩子从火里救出来的吗？Doyouknowwhosavedthechildfromthefire?ReadingComprehension

Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothefastreading.TheemperorShiHuangdi______.A.wasthefirsttobuildawallB.madethewallrunacrossfromTibettotheseaC.connectedthewallshehadbuiltearlierD.builtawallallalonghisempireKEYHOMEFastReadingKEY2.TheGreatWallprotectedtheYellowRiverplainsinthe_______.A.NorthB.NorthandwestC.SouthD.SouthandeastHOMEKEY3.Towerswerebuiltatintervalsalongthewallwheresoldierscould______.A.watchprisonersofwarB.keepthemselveswarmC.providesheltersforthebuildersD.keepguardagainstattacksHOMEKEY4.Thegatewaysweremadefor______.A.luringtheenemyindeepB.attractingvisitorsC.camelsandcartsD.carsandlorriesHOMEKEY5.Theworkersmovedhugeblocksofstonesuptothesitewith_______.A.cranesonlyB.bulldozersorcranesC.ropesD.alltheaboveHOMEKEY6.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTrue?A.TheGreatWallshowsthattheFirstEmperorwasfierceandwarlike.B.TheworkershatedtheEmperor,sothatwentslowasaformofstruggle.C.Agooddealofthewallcanstillbeseentodayowingtoconsistentworkbythepeoplethroughthecenturies.D.Theworkerswereeitherprisonersofwarorpeoplefrommountainousareas.HOME名词的数与格NumbersandCasesofNouns表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词，叫做名词。名词分为普通名词(CommonNouns〕和专有名词〔ProperNouns〕，普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。专有名词是某个〔些〕人、地方、机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1.个体名词〔IndividualNouns〕：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。2.集体名词〔CollectiveNouns〕：表示假设干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。3.物质名词〔MaterialNouns〕：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。4.抽象名词〔AbstractNouns〕：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。一、普通名词普通名词指一类人或事物的名称。英语中普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词一般有单、复数两种形式，如a/onechild，tenchildren。而不可数名词一般只有一种形式，如cash〔现金〕。一〕可数名词个体名词和集体名词多为可数名词1.可数名词复数形式的规那么变化一般由词尾加-s构成，如果词尾是s,sh,ch,x,ss等时，复数应为-es。如：books，classes2.可数名词复数形式的不规那么构成法1〕以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：如：twoMarys，theHenrys，monkey---monkeys，holiday---holidays2〕以o结尾的名词，变复数时：a.加s，如：photo---photos，piano---pianos，radio---radios，zoo---zoos；b.加es，如：potato—potatoes，tomato--tomatoesc.均可，如：zero---zeros/zeroes3〕以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：a.加s，如：belief---beliefs，roof---roofs，safe---safes，gulf---gulfsb.去f,fe加ves，如：half---halves，knife---knives，leaf---leaves，wolf---wolves，wife---wivesc.均可,如：handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves3.复合名词的数1〕把复合词的中心词变成复数。如：apasser-by—passers-by；ason-in-law—sons-in-law.2〕如没有中心词，那么在最后加-s。如：ago-between—go-betweens；agrown-up—grown-ups.3〕前后名词都变为复数。如:aman-servant—men-servants；awoman-doctor—women-doctors.注意：boy和girl修饰的名词变复数时，只变后面的名词。如：aboy-student—boystudents；agirl-student—girlstudents.二〕不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词不可数名词的主要用法特征：1.由much，little等词修饰。Theyhavesavedmuchmoneyforfutureuse．2.与表示单位的量词如apieceof等连用。如:apieceofpaper一张纸a1oafofbread一条面包apieceofadvice一个忠告二、专有名词专有名词指特定的某人、地方或机构、时间等的名称，即：人名、地名、国家名、单位名、组织名等等。专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。如：MikeRussiaNewYorkShandongUniversityMondayApril三、名词所有格名词所有格是指一个名词与另一个名词之间存在所有关系时所用的形式。其构成有两种：一种是由名词末尾加’s构成；另一种由介词of加名词构成。前者多用来表示有生命的东西；后者多用来表示无生命的东西。如：Children’sPalace少年宫thetitleofthebook书名一〕“’s”所有格“’s”所有格常表示有生命的东西，但表示天体、国家、地区、机构、时间、距离、度量与货币价值等无生命的名词的所有格也用’s。如：themoon’ssurface，China’sagriculture，thecity’sdevelopment，thegovernment’splan，today’snewspaper，tenkilometers’distance，aton’sweight，200dollars’worthofgoods单数名词后加“’s”，其读音与名词复数结尾的读音相同。1.以s结尾的复数名词后加“’”。如：twohours’walk两个小时的步行2.以s结尾的名词或人名，可以加’s，也可加“’”号。如：Thomas’sbrother托马斯的兄弟3.不以s结尾的复数名词后加“’s”。如：thechildren’sholiday孩子们的节日4.表示各自的所有关系，不是共有的，要分别在各个名词末尾加“’s”。如：John’sandMary’srooms假设表示共有的，那么在最后一个名词的末尾加“’s”。如：JohnandMary’sroom5.在复合名词或短语中，’s加在最后一个词的词尾。如：hissister-in-law’sbike

6.eachother,oneanother,anhourorso或不定代词后接else等，’s加在最后一个词的词尾。如：anhourorso’time，somebodyelse’sbag注意1：以下情况可以将’s所有格中的名词省略。名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到，往往可以省略，以免重复。

Thedictionaryisn’tmine,butJenny’s.2)在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词。thedoctor’s〔office〕医生的诊所myuncle’s〔house〕我叔叔的家注意2：起修饰作用的名词，如不表示所有关系，通常不用’s。如：roomnumber，toothbrush等二〕of所有格

of所有格多用于无生命的东西，但也有例外。如果名词本身带有后置修饰语或含有“the+形容词表示一类人，其所有格用of短语。如：theskillsoftheworkerswhohavebeenwelltrained，thehousingproblemofthepoor三〕双重所有格

双重所有格即“名词+of+名词’s所有格”，表示整体中的一个或局部。双重所有格也可由“名词+of+名词性物主代词”构成,如：abookofmyfather’s，afriendofmineGrammarChoosethebestanswers.1.Jimandhiswifehavenotbeentalkingformonthsandtheirpoordaughterhastoactasa_____.A.go-betweenB.gobetweenC.go-betweensD.goes-between2.Weallknowthat_____speaklouderthanwords.A.movementB.performances C.operation D.actions3.Some_____cametoourfactoryforavisitlastSunday.A.German B.Germen C.Germany D.Germans4.______camethatsometeacherswouldattendourclass.A.Word B.AwordC.WordsD.TheWord5.Therearemany_____inthehospital.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorsC.womandoctorD.doctorwomenDA52BDA6.Givemy_____toyourparents.A.bestwishB.regardsC.loves D.hello7.Didyouaskfor_____leave?A.twodays’B.twodays C.two-days D.two-day’s8.-----DoyouknowwhereMr.Smithis?----Yes,heisin________.A.Roomfive B.thefiveroomC.FiveRoomD.RoomFive9.That’s_____bedroom.Thetwinslikeitverymuch.A.MaryandAnn B.MaryandAnn’s C.Mary’sandAnD.Mary’sandAnn’s10.Iwenttomy______onSundayandhadagoodtimethere.A.