电力工程专业课程总结

朽木易折，金石可镂。千里之行，始于足下。第页/共页电气工程导论EinleitungdesElectroingenieurwesensServeralprofessorstaughtusthiscourse,eachofthemhaveafewhours.It'satthemostbeginningofthefirstsemester.Abrieftalkaboutwhatwe'lllearninthenextfouryears.whichcoursesarethere.Howmanyrequiredcoursesandselectivecourses.Introducetousaboutourbrightrmationsaboutourcollege.CollegeofElectricalEngineering.CEEhasthefollowingsixacademicdepartments：DepartmentofElectricalMachineryandElectricalApparatusDepartmentofPowerSystemanditsAutomationDepartmentofHighVoltageandInsulationTechnologyDepartmentofPowerElectronicsandPowerDrivesDepartmentofElectricalEngineeringTheoryandNewTechnologyDepartmentofArchitecturalElectricalandIntelligenceElectricpowerindustryconsistsoffiveparts电力工业:1.Generation2.Transmission3.Voltagetransformation4.Distribution5.Usage高等数学HöhereMathematikWell，it'sanmathematicfundationcourse.Differentialandintegral.y=ex3y'=3x2ex3'Ifwehaveafunctionwecanknowtheextremevaluebydifferentialit.Thefirstorderderivativeatthispointequalszero.Andwhenthesecondorderderivativeisbiggerthanzero(positive),thispointistheminimumvalue.Whenthesecondorderderivativeisnegative,thispointisthemaximumvalue.3.线性代数LineareAlgebraThiscoursetaughtushowtocalculatethematrix.Forexamplematrixmultiplymatrix.(写式子)orusematrixtosolveequations.(写式子).What'smore,howtogetthereversematrixofacertainmatrix.Linearalgebra线性代数Thiscourseisdividedintotwoparts.Thefirstpartisdeterminant,andthesecondpartismatrix.Arectangulararrayofnumbers,betweentwoverticallines,iscalledadeterminant.Arectangulararrayofnumbers,enclosedinalargepairofeitherparenthesisorbrackets,iscalledamatrix.Thesizeordimensionsofamatrixarespecifiedbystatingthenumberofrowsandthenumberofcolumnsitcontains.Ifthematrixconsistsofmrowsandncolumns,itissaidtobeanmbynmatrix.Inthiscourse,welearnedthecalculationofdeterminantandmatrix.Forexample,thecalculationofdeterminant,themultiplicationofmatrices,andsoon.4.概率论与数理统计WahrscheinlichkeitstheorieundmathematischeStatistikTaughtushowtocalculatetheprobabilityofacertainevent.Forexamplethereare10ballsinthebox.4ofthemareblack,6ofthemarewhite.Wegrab3balloutofbox,withoutputback.TheprobabilityofallofthemareblackisP=C3-4/C3-10Probabilityandstatistics概率论与数理统计Inthiscourse,themaincontentisprobability,welearnedsomebasicprobabilitymodelssuchasclassicalprobabilitymodel.Icangiveyouanexampleabouttheclassicalprobability.5.工程制图TechnischeZeichnungthiscourseteachushowtodrawacomponentonthepaper.Fromthreeangleofview.Frontview/topview/sideview.Givemethegraphicofacomponent,icanknowwhatexactlywhatitlookslike.Orintheoppositeway.Itisthecommunicationmethodbetweendesignerandmechanicer.Forexample,金字塔Pyramid.Fromthefrontviewandsideviewitisatriangle.Fromthetopviewitlookslikethis--asquare.6.认识实习KognitivesPratikumwegotoseveralenterprises/places.Suchaselectricalmachineryplant/transformersubstation/powerstation/Transformerfactory7.电子实习Elektronenpraktikumeachstudentmakeamultimeter.boththecomponentandthedesigharegivenbyourteacher.wejustPulleverythingtogetheruseelectricsolderingiron.金工实习MetallbearbeitungspraktikumwellthereisaMachineryPlantinouruniversity.wewenttheretofigurouthowthecomponentaremadedoutofmetal.车床德:Drehmaschine英:Lathe/铣床millingmachine/电焊electrowelding.butthosemachineareprettyold.大学物理Universitäts-PhzsikThiscoursetaughtusalotsphysicknowledge,suchasclassicalmechanics/light/electrical/heat/movement.声光力电热动classicalmechanics/S=V0t+1/2at^2力的合成平行四边形法则parallelogramrule/矢量和vectorsumF=maG=gm1m2/r^2E=1/2Cu^2电容capacitance欧姆定律Ohm'slaw功work定轴转动与平动对照大学物理实验Dopplereffect/电路原理SchaltungsprinzipThiscoursetaughtusthecharacteristicofcircuit.Howtoanalysecircuit.Howtosimplifycircuit.Forexample,ResisterU=IR,capacitorI=Cdu/dt,inductorU=Ldi/dt,Kirchhoff'sLaw.KVL:∑U=0KCL:∑I=010.电路原理实验SchaltungsprinzipenexperimentThisisanexperimentcourse.Letmethinkaboutit.Forexample,usebridgemethodtomeasuretheresistor.(图)11.复变函数FunktionenderkomplexvariablenOnthiscoursewelearnedFouriertransformandLaplacetransform.Fouriertransformisfromtimedomaintofrequencydomain.Laplacetransformisfromtimedomaintocomplexfrequencydomain.ThesearethefunctionsofFandLtransform.Wecanuseittogetthetransferfunctionofaspecificsystem.Forexample,(图)12.工程力学IngenieurmechanikEngineeringmechanicsisallaboutbalance.Whenanobjectisstandstillormoveinaconstantspeedwithoutchangethedirection,wecansaythatalltheforceontheobjectisbalanced.Forexample,twobalancedforceisintheoppositedirection,withthesamebigvalue.What'smore.Letmedrawapicture.(图)Thissingleforceisequaltothisforceandthistorqueofcouple.13.数学实验MathematikexperimentThisisaselectivecourse.WelearntouseMatlabtosolvemathematicproblems.Forexamplewecanuseittofindoutthesolutionofaequation.Weusematlabtodrawthegraphofequation.thenzoomintofindoutthecrosspoint.(matlab例程)x=0:1:100y=2x^2+3x+1Plot(x,y)14.电磁场原理GrundlagedeselektrischenMagnetsfeldsThislessontaughtusthecharacteristicofelectricfieldandmegneticfield.IcanstillrememberthemostimportantknowlegeinthislessonisMaxwell'sequations.Letmewriteitdown.Gauss'slawdescribestherelationshipbetweenanelectricfieldandtheelectricchargesthatcauseit:Theelectricfieldpointsawayfrompositivechargesandtowardsnegativecharges.Inthefieldlinedescription,electricfieldlinesbeginonlyatpositiveelectricchargesandendonlyatnegativeelectriccharges.'Counting'thenumberoffieldlinesinaclosedsurface,therefore,yieldsthetotalchargeenclosedbythatsurface.Gauss'slawformagnetism:magneticfieldlinesneverbeginnorendbutformloopsorextendtoinfinity.Faraday'slawdescribeshowatimevaryingmagneticfieldcreates("induces")anelectricfield.Ampère'slawwithMaxwell'scorrectionstatesthatmagneticfieldscanbegeneratedintwoways:byelectricalcurrentandbychangingelectricfields.15.电磁兼容及电磁环境保护ElektromagnetischeVerträglichkeitundelektromagnetischerUmweltschutyIt'saselectivecourse.Whenwedisignacircuitmemustconsidertheeffectofthedisturbfromtheelectromagneticenviriment.(electromagneticinterference)(EMI)Soweshouldanalysetheelectromagneticfield.Sothemaxwell'sequationsareveryimportant.Letmewriteitdown,(同上)Andtherearecertainstandardsthatthedistantbetweentransmissionlineortransformersandresidentialbuildings.16.计算机辅助电路分析Computer-unterstützendeSchaltungsanalzseMatlab的simulink策略画个max发生器放个探针讲讲Pspice引到毕设（thanwewillusetheknowledgeofthiscourse）计算机技能训练ÜbungenfürComputerfähigkeitenMatlabProtel（PCB-printedcircuitboard）Pspice大学计算机基础UniversitätsComputergrundlage程序设计技术ProgrammierungstechnikWelearnedClanguageonthiscourse.Letmewriteacodeforexample.（C例程）#include<stdio.h>voidmain{inta,sum=0;for(a=1;a<101;a++)sum=sum+a;printf("sum=%d\n",sum);}计算机硬件技术基础TechnischeGrundlagederComputerhardwareThestructureofcomputer.Andbrieflytalkabouttheassemblerlanguage.单片机原理及其应用PrinzipdesMikrokontrolllereinheit(MCU)undseineAnwendungTheprofessorintroducedusthesingle-chipmircocomputer.Itisdifferentfrompersonalcomputer.Singlechipmicrocomputerisdesignedforspecificfunctions.It'smuchmoreeconomical.PCisdesignedtobeflexibleandtomeetwiderangeofneeds.WecanuseClanguageorassemblerlanguagetoprogram.（汇编例程）Istillremembersomecodeoftheassemblerlanguage.MOVA,#35/////PUSHA/POPAfirstinlastout////ADDA,B//INCA////DECA嵌入式系统及其应用EingebautesSystmeundseineAnwendungTherearebigdifferentbetweenembeddedsystemandPC.Anembeddedsystemisdesignedforspecificcontrolfunctions.Apersonalcomputer(PC)isdesignedtobeflexibleandtomeetwiderangeofend-userneeds.OnthislessontheprofessorbrieflyintroducedustheLinuxsystem.IcanstillremembersomeLinuxprogrammingcodes,Suchasls/rm/mv/chmod/cd电子设计与制作Electronendesignund-herstellungOnthislesson,weworkingroups.Mymissionisuseasolderingirontosolderingaelectronicclock.Thedesignisgivenbytheprofessor.Solderingtininthelefthand,solderingironintherighthand.Nowandthenusesomerosin.16.电工电子综合设计ElectrotechnischesundelectronischesGesamtdesignOnthislesson,weuseclanguagetowriteacodetocontrolthesteppingmotor.Steppingmotoriseasytocontrolbyasinglechip.Thisisasteppingmotor.OutputisABCD,thenitrotatelikethis.Ifyouwantitspinmoresmoothly，wechangetheoutputlikethisAABBBCCCD.Wecancontrolthetimedelaytocontrolthespeed.What'smore,ifwereversetheorder.wecanreversetherotatingdirection,Delay(s)P1=0x08;//ADelay(s)P1=0x0c;//ABDelay(s)P1=0x04;//BThisisthetimedelaySubfunction.voiddelay(ints){intj;for(;s>0;s--)for(j=0;j<8000;j++);}Wecanuse中断interrupttochangethespeed17.模拟电子技术AnalogeElektronikOperationalamplifierisanveryusefuldevice.Letmedrawapicture.(图)Thegainofanoperationalamplifierisextremlyhigh.Inthenormalsituationweuseanegativefeedbacktoreduceit.Makeitmorestable.Forexample(图)thisisavoltagefollower/amplifier/theratiobetweenoutputvoltageandinputvoltageis...运算放大器二极管三极管模拟电子技术实验AnalogeElektronikexperiment模拟电子技术课程设计KursdesignderanalogenElektronik18.数字电子技术DigitalElektronikDigitalelectronictechniqueisdiffrentfromanalogelectronicstechnique.Logicisveryimportantinthislesson,Forexamplelogiccalculation,oruseKarnaughmaptosimplifytheexpression.SomeChipslikeencoderanddecoder.(图和表)（码制numbersystem）数字电子技术实验digitalenElektronikexperiment数字电子技术课程设计KursdesignderdigitalenElektronik19.信号与系统SignalundSystemIt'sallaboutprocessthesignal.Forexamplefouriertransformandlaplacetransform.Fouriertransformisfromtimedomaintofrequencydomain.Laplacetransformisfromtimedomaintocomplexfrequencydomain.（傅里叶式子拉氏变换式子）可引至自动控制原理20.电力电子技术ElektrischeundelektronischeTechnikAC/DCDC/ACIt'sthetechnologytocontrolorchangetheelectricity.Weusecontrollablepowerelectronicdevicetoreformthepowersource.Forexample,ACtoDCconverter.(图)DCtoACconverter(图).21.自动控制原理PrinzipderautomatischenSteuerungClassicautomationisbasedontransferfunction.Buthowtogetthetransferfunctionofacertainsystem.WeuseLaplacetransform.Ittransformtheequationfromtimedomaintofrequencydomain.It'seasytocalculate.Forexample.Thisisacircuitwitharesistorandaninductor.Theratiooftheoutputandinputisthetransferfunction.(图和式子)Ifthetransferfunctioniscomplicated,wecansimplifyit.Andwecantellwhetherthesystemisstable.22.电机学Elektromaschinenwissenschaft电机测试与控制Mototestund-kontrolleTherearedifferentkindsofelecelectricalmachine.DCmachine、inductionmachine、synchronousmachine.ForexamplehowtocontrolthespeedofaDCmotor.E=U-IRE=CnФn=(U-IR)/CФ23.电力系统稳态分析StabileAnalysedeselektrischenSystemsThestablestateisoppositefromtransientstate.Steadystateisstablestate.Mostoftimetheelectricalsystemworksinstablestate.Themainpurposeofstableanalyseistocalculatethepowerdistributionandthevoltageofeachpoint.Letmedrawapicture.It'saverysimplesystem.Wereplaceitwithamodule.IfweknowthePowerandvoltageofthispoint,wecancalculateotherpoint'spowerandvoltage.（图计算过程）潮流计算powerflowcalculation24.电力系统电磁暂态分析MomentaneAnalysedesElektromagnetsdeselecktrischenSystemThetransientstateisoppositefromsteadystate.Steadystateisanstablesituation,mostoftimetheelectricalsystemworksinstablestate.Butwhenthereissomethinghappendsuchasshortcircuit,theequipmentwillwentthroughatransientstate.anotstablestate.Itischangingfromonestatetoanother.Thislessonfoucusonthisperiodoftime.Letmedrawapicturetodescribeit.Forexample(图)电抗reactance25.高电压技术Oberspannungstechnik高电压实验技术及实验VersuchstechnikundExperimentderOberspannungIntheelectrialsystemhighvoltageiswidelyused.suchas500KV220KV110KVtheyaremuchhigherthanthevoltageweusedeverydaysuchas220V/380V.Thislessontaughtusthecharacteristicofhighvoltage、howtoproduce(generate)ahighvoltagepulse.howtomeasurehighvoltage.ForexampleMarxgenerator,weuseittogeneratehighvoltagepulse.Letmedrawapictureofit.Averycleverdesign.Thoseareballsmadeofcopper.Capacitor、resistor.IftheinputisU,thantheoutputaboutnU.26.发电厂及变电站电气部分ElecktrischerTeildesKraft-undUmspannwerkesThiscourseintroducedusthestructureoftransformer-stationsandpower-stations.Letmedrawapicturetodecribeit.Thisisasimpleone.Generator/transformer/busbar/potentialtransformer/currenttransformer/backupThereisbigdifferentbetweenisolationswitchandcircuitbreaker.Ifthereiscurrentintheline.Weonlyusecircuitbreakertocutofthisline.(不同母线衔接方式单个变压器两个变压器单母线双母线母联)自动重合闸automaticreclosingcircuit27.电力系统污秽与覆冰绝缘Verschmutzung-undRaureifisolationdeselektrischenSystemsisolatorismadeofceramic[si'ræmik]orglass.Inthiscoures，wemainlyfoucusontheisolatorusedontransmissionline.Theisolatorlookslikethis.Mayidrawapicture?...Ithastwofunctions,oneisholdthelinefromfalling,theotherfunctionisisolation.Let'stalkabouttheisolation.Theshapeofitisimportant.Especiallytheclimbingdistance.Itdeterminestheflashovervoltage.Weuseseveralisolatortogethertomeettherequirementofisolation.What'smore,wehavetoconsidertheeffectofpolution.Theratiobetweensaltanddirt.Theeffectofrain.Theeffectofthewayhowtheisolatorwashanged.Shitofthebirdregularlycleanthem.自动重合闸automaticreclosingthecircuit28.电气设备在线智能化监测IntelligenteOn-Line-ÜberwachungderelektrischenAnlagenon-linemonitoringInelectricalsystem,therearethreewaystomaitantheequipment.Wecanrepairitwhenitisbroken.orWecanaftereveryperiodoftimeregularlymaitanit.OrWemonitorthestatusoftheequipment.Whentheequipmentisabouttobroken,werepairit.Ofcoursethelastwayisthebest.It'sthemostecnomicwaytomaitance.Buthowtomonitoristhemaincontentofthislesseon,Forexample,thetransformer.Wecanusesensortomonitethegas/light/sound/viberation.Whenthereissomethingwronghappensisolationfailureoragingorshortcircuit,willgeneratesomecertainkindofgas.SuchasCH4C2H6C2H4...Wecanmonitorthisgas,tofigureoutwhatishappeninginthetransformer.故障定位faultlocation29.电力系统过电压与接地技术Überspannung-undErdungstechnikdeselektrischenSystemsWeknowintheelectricalsystemgroundingisveryimportant.It'sforthesafetyofthepeopleandthesafetyofequipment.Thesmaller,thebetter.Buthowtolowertheresistanceofthegrouding.Thereareseveralways.Wecanincreasethedepthofthegroundingbodywebury.Weusemoreorbiggermetals.Wecanevenchangethesoil.Orusesomeverycomplexgroundingbody.30.专业课程设计DesignderFachkurse毕业设计AbschlußdesignMygraduationdesignistodevelopahighvoltagepicosecondpulsegenerator.Picosecondisveryshort.1ps=10^-12s.FirstofallweuseaMarxgenerator.Letmedrawapictureofit.Averycleverdesign.InputisU,outputisabout4U.ButtheoutputofMarxgeneratorisnotshortenough.Theoutputisstillseveralnanosecondshort.Soiuseasharpingcircuittosharpenitsrisingedge.Anduseateilcutswitchtosharpenitsfallingedge.Inordertomessurethehighvoltagepulse,iuse