新教材2024高考英语二轮专题复习专题一阅读理解第二部分怎样准解题第四讲词句猜测题-“义”有“景”生莫忘记教师用书

第四讲词句猜测题——“义”有“景”生莫忘记【近3年全国卷考情分析】清迷点·扫盲点提升审题能力技法1单词或短语含义猜测题——巧用线索猜词义设题特点设问方式4种文体(记叙文、夹叙夹议文、议论文和说明文)所涉及的各种话题的阅读理解均涉及考查猜测单词或短语的含义。除了直接的命题外，在阅读理解的文章中常有一些单词或短语为生僻词，但又没有附加注释，也需要猜测词义才能理解文章，这是词义猜测题的一种间接命题形式。①Whatdoestheword/phrase“________”inParagraph1referto/mean？②Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phrase“________”inParagraph2probablymean/referto？1利用逻辑关系猜测词义【经典感悟】[典例1][2023·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C]Inthis“bookofbooks，”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelate__to．30．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inParagraph2mean?A．Understand.B．Paint.C．Seize.D．Transform.[解析]词义猜测题。利用反义关系解题，根据第二段尾句“Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago，buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto”中的but表达的语境可知，这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了我们都能理解的时刻。故画线词义为“理解”。[自主解答]________【答题微点】阅读理解语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义。对猜测词义帮助较大的逻辑关系有反义、同义和因果等。2利用语法关系猜测词义【经典感悟】[典例2][2021·全国甲卷阅读C]Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite：Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam(横杆),Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup：Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting：“Safe!__Safe!__Safe！”Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.29．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“Safe！Safe！Safe！”probablymean?A．Becareful！B．Welldone!C．Noway!D．Don'tworry![解析]利用语法关系猜测词义。根据画线词后文的解释说明“Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义。[自主解答]________【答题微点】在做阅读理解题目时，考生利用语法关系：下定义、同位语(从句)、定语从句、举例、标点符号是猜测词义的一种快速有效的方法之一。

3构词法助力词义猜测【经典感悟】[典例3][2020·新高考卷Ⅱ阅读B]Theendoftheschoolyearwasinsightandspiritswerehigh.Iwasbackteachingafteranabsenceof15years,dealingwiththevariouskindsof“forbiddenfruit”thatcomeoutofbookbags.Nowwasthespringofthewaterpistol(手枪)．Idecidedtothinkupamethodofdealingwithforbiddenfruit....MyimaginaryGrandma'sBoxworkedlikemagicthatspring，andlater.SometimesstudentswouldaskmetodescribeallthethingsIhadinit.ThenIwouldtrytorememberthedifferentpossessionsIsupposedlyhadtakenaway—sinceIseldomactuallykeptthem.Usuallythe__offenderwouldappearattheendoftheday,andIwouldreturnthebelonging.25．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theoffender”inParagraph8referto?A．Thestudent'sparent.B．ThemakeroftheGrandma'sBox.C．Theauthor'sgrandchild.D．Theowneroftheforbiddenfruit.[解析]利用构词法猜测词义。er为后缀，当其与动词缀合时，表示“做某事的人或物”；offend为动词，意为“违反；冒犯”，故offender有“犯规者，违反者”的含义。结合前文中出现的“forbiddenfruit”，以及后文提到“returnthebelonging”，可推断犯规者指的是拥有前述forbiddenfruit的人。[自主解答]________【答题微点】构词法能够不借助阅读上下文便能够大体猜出词义，然后再结合语境猜测，这样事半功倍，而且具有双重保险，大大提高了解题效率和正确率。所以我们主张：可以利用构词法的，一定先利用构词法，再结合语境解题。[听课笔记]4上下文语境助力词义猜测【经典感悟】[典例4][2023·全国甲卷阅读B]TerriBoltonisa__dab__handwhenitcomestoDIY(do­it­yourself).Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.24．Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inParagraph1?A．Anartist.B．Awinner.C．Aspecialist.D．Apioneer.[解析]词义猜测题。利用上下文语境猜测词义。根据画线词后一句的“Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture，sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.”可知，泰瑞·博尔顿擅长搭架子和拼装家具，她自己能做的工作从不付钱给别人做。据此可知，她是自我动手方面的专家，故画线部分意为“专家”。[自主解答]________【答题微点】有些词义猜测题找不到以上标志线索，这时我们可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义，这也是近几年来高考考查的热点。[听课笔记]

技法2代词猜测题——“就近原则”找指代【经典感悟】[典例5][2020·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读C]Inthemid­1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat．Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24­year­oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto?A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B．TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C．WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D．WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.[解析]就近原则找指代。画线词在第二段首句，that用来指代上文提到的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句可知，他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章，由此可推断出that指代写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章这件事，意思是指写一篇文章已远不能包含他所见所闻的所有内容。[自主解答]________【答题微点】1．设题特点：代词猜测题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。2．设问方式：①Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which...”referto?②Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they/which...”inparagraph...refersto________．图解技巧1“就近原则”找指代技法3句意猜测题——“意义吻合”推句意【经典感悟】[典例6][2022·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读B]Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling，withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon'tevenrealizeit'snew.Forthem，it'sjustnormal....Thishit__home__for__measIwassittingwithmy2­year­oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren'sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.24．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninParagraph2?A．Providedshelterforme.B．Becameverycleartome.C．Tookthepressureoffme.D．Workedquitewellonme.[解析]句意猜测题。根据第一段内容以及画线词后文“asIwassittingwithmy2­year­oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上看书时，尤其清楚地认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。[自主解答]________【答题微点】1．设题特点：句意猜测题一般出现在前后文有解释的特殊含义的语句或高度概括句中，要求考生用合适的句子解释这一语句或这一语句的某一部分。锁定语句前后寻找，意义吻合是解题关键。2．设问方式：①WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph...mean?②WhichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph...?图解技巧2“意义吻合”推句意[听课笔记]练重点练难点·创新应用体验[2023·南京市六校联合体高三调研]Inmostcases,peoplepicktheeasiestwayout:thepathofleastresistance.Yet,itisthehardchoice—thepathofmostresistance—thatismorebeneficialandprovidesmostsuccessinthelongrun.Howdothesepathsdiffer?Whatarethedangersofaneasylife?Whataretherewardsforahardlife?Howdoyoustarttakingthepathofmostresistance?Takingthepathofleastresistancemeanschoosingtheeasiestavailableoption,withlittleregardforitslong­termconsequences.Forexample,youeatwhateveryoulike,wheneveryoulike,andinwhateveramountyoulike.Itmayfeelniceatfirstbutallofthemhaveaverysteepprice.Inthatcase,it'sguaranteedobesity.Mostpeopleinmodernworldfollowthispathandthisiswhysomanypeoplestrugglewithalackofself­discipline,goodhabits,etc.Thepathofmostresistanceisaboutchoosingtheoptionthatwillleadtomorepersonalgrowth,evenifitmeanssufferingintheearlystageoftheprocess.Forexample,itmaycostyoualottoquitwatchingTVforhoursonend.Butoverthelongterm,you'llfreeupalotoftimethatwillleadtoamoresatisfyinglifethanthatofacouchpotato.Atfirstsight,thisapproachisunappealing.Itrequireseffortandlossofpleasure,andleadstopotentialsuffering.Yet,ontheothersideofallthatliesaworldofmoreconfidence,self­disciplineandmentalresilience(恢复力).Intheend,theymorethanmakeupforthefleetingsuperficialpleasures.We'relazybynature.Somemaypointoutthatitwasbecauseofthistendencythatwenowenjoysomanywondersoftechnologythatpeopleinthepastwouldkilltohave.Butaskthesameindividualspraisinglazinessiftheywouldbehappylivingalifewhereeverythingisgiventothemthemomenttheythinkaboutit.Theywouldhavezerohardships,noobjectiveinlifeandnoobstacletoovercomeandnowisehumanwouldwantsuchanexistence.1．Howdoestheauthorshowthedangersofchoosingtheeasypath?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Bylistingdata.C．Bymakingacomparison.D．Byaskingquestions.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A．WatchingTVforhours.B．Havingmanylifestruggles.C．Gettingsuperficialpleasures.D．Choosingthepathofmostresistance.3．Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Lifeistobeenjoyed,notendured.B．Setyourlifegoalsasearlyaspossible.C．Thereshouldbesomechallengesinlife.D．Goodhabitsprovideshort­termpleasures.4．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Totellushumansarelazybynature.B．Toshowthecommonlifestylesofyoungpeople.C.Topr