四川省泸州市2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次教学质量诊断性英语试题(解析版)

PAGEPAGE1四川省泸州市2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次教学质量诊断英语试题第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共100分)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)略第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWhenyouhaveachancetotravelinMacao,thereare4thingsthatyoucan’tmiss.MacaoTowerAJHackettTheMacaoTower,338meterstall,istheworld’s10thhighesttower,withlotsofactivities,suchasviewing,eatingandentertainment.Thebestpartoftheactivitiesisthebungeejump.Raiseyourarmsandoffyougo!Ifyouarenotdaringenoughtojump,youcantrytheskywalkonthe57thfloor—it’sstillimpressive.Takethischanceandhaveatry!AtraditionalPortuguesedinnerMacaowasinthecontrolofPortugalbefore1999.Asaresult,PortugueseculturecanbeeasilyseeninmanycornersofMacao.ManyPortugueselivedhereandopenedPortugueserestaurantsinthespecialarea,buttheflavorismoreadaptabletoChinesepeople.VisitingamuseumMacao,asasmallcitywithonlyanareaof30.5squarekilometers,has23eye-catchingmuseums.Duetoitsuniquehistory,bothEasternandWesternhistoricalsitescanbefound.Manyofthemareprotectedforculturalheritage,touristspotsormuseums,suchastheGrandPrixMuseum,MaritimeMuseumandWineMuseum.Goingintoacasino(娱乐场)Wellknownasthe“LasVegasoftheOrient”,Macaohas33casinos.YoucanfinddifferentthemedcasinosaroundeverycornerofMacao,especiallyonTaipaIsland,wherenewcasinosarecontinuouslyopening.Amongall,TheVenetianisthemostpopular.WithahugeshoppingmallandgorgeousVegas-styledesign,itisamust-gospotforbothtouristsandlocals,notonlyforgamblingbutalsotoshopandenjoyleisuretime.1.WhatcanyoudoattheMacaoTower?A.Jumponthe57thfloor. B.Trythebungeejump.C.Enjoytheworld’shighesttower. D.Takeexerciseontheskywalk.2.WhatcanhelpyouknowmostaboutMacao’spast?A.Takinglocalsasguides. B.Tastingatraditionaldinner.C.Visitinghistoricalmuseums. D.Shoppingaroundeverycomer.3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribecasinosinMacao?A.Low-reward. B.High-risk.C.Heavily-guarded. D.Well-developed.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了当你有机会在澳门旅游时，有四件事是你不能错过的。〖答案〗1.B2.C3.D1．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据MacaoTowerAJHackett中“Thebestpartoftheactivitiesisthebungeejump.”（活动中最精彩的部分是蹦极。）可知，你可以在澳门塔尝试蹦极活动。故选B项。2．〖解析〗推理判断题。根据Visitingamuseum中“Duetoitsuniquehistory,bothEasternandWesternhistoricalsitescanbefound.Manyofthemareprotectedforculturalheritage,touristspotsormuseums,suchastheGrandPrixMuseum,MaritimeMuseumandWineMuseum.”（由于其独特的历史，东方和西方的历史遗迹都可以找到。其中许多被保护为文化遗产、旅游景点或博物馆，如大奖赛博物馆、海事博物馆和葡萄酒博物馆。）可推知，参观历史博物馆最能帮助你了解澳门的过去。故选C项。3．〖解析〗推理判断题。根据Goingintoacasino(娱乐场)中“Wellknownasthe“LasVegasoftheOrient”,Macaohas33casinos.YoucanfinddifferentthemedcasinosaroundeverycornerofMacao,especiallyonTaipaIsland,wherenewcasinosarecontinuouslyopening.Amongall,TheVenetianisthemostpopular.WithahugeshoppingmallandgorgeousVegas-styledesign,itisamust-gospotforbothtouristsandlocals,notonlyforgamblingbutalsotoshopandenjoyleisuretime.”（澳门有“东方拉斯维加斯”之称，共有33家赌场。你可以在澳门的每个角落找到不同主题的赌场，尤其是在凼仔岛，那里的新赌场不断开业。其中，Venetian是最受欢迎的。它拥有巨大的购物中心和华丽的拉斯维加斯风格设计，是游客和当地人的必去之地，不仅是赌博，也是购物和享受休闲时光。）可推知，澳门的赌场是相当成熟和发达的。故选D项。BWhenIgothomeafterdroppingoutofcollegeinmyjunioryearbecauseofdepression,Ididn’twanttogetoutofbedeveryday.Butmyparentswantedmeto,soIjustremovedmyselffromthelivingroomtothecouch.SometimesIwouldturnontheTVandwatchmarathons,butmostlyIjustsatthere,lostinthought.OnedaywhenIwaslyingonthecouch,notknowingwhattodo,IthoughtsinceIhadbeenoutofschoolforalongtime,Ihadbetterdosomethingproductiveinmylife.IlookedatwhatIcoulddo.Icouldattendonlinecollegeclasses,gotoin-personeventsjusttogetoutofthehouse,ortakeupahobby.Butnoneofthesethingsmademehappy,andmydepressionseemedtofollowmeinseparably.However,therewassomethingthatwasmything.NomatterwhatkindofdayI’mhavingnow,themerementionofstart-upsstillcheersmeup.IhavebeendoingbusinessinsomekindsofformseversinceIwasakid,anddespiteeverything,thisenthusiasmhasalwaysbeeninmyheart.SoIstartedthinkingofideas,seeingwhichonecouldbecomepractical.Ispentmydaysbeinggluedtoawidepurplenotebookandapeninhand,sometimesmovingfromthecouchtothetableonourbackporch(门廊)inthemornings.IfIgotupearlyenough,I’dwatchthesuncomeup.Itwasthere,inthestillmornings,thatIlearnedaboutlifeandstartedtolookbackonmine.Withtimegoingon,thedepressionstartedtolift.Iwasmakingmoreprogressinmyrecovery,andthegooddaysweremorefrequentthanthebad.Istartedacoupleofdifferentbusinesses,eventuallysettlingonawebdesignbusiness,anddidalotofexperiments,whichchangedmyideas.Afteraperiodoftime,thingsstartedtowork.4.Whatseemedtotroubletheauthorallthetime?A.Variousdailyroutines. B.Parents’complaints.C.AttractiveTVprograms. D.Certainmentalproblems.5.Whatdidtheauthorbegintothinkofdoingoneday?A.Findingawayout. B.Goingbacktoschool.C.Escapingfromhome. D.Hostingout-dooractivities.6.Whatexactlyliftedtheauthor’sspirits?A.Takingnotesattentively. B.Appreciatingearlymornings.C.Recallingthecheerfulchildhood. D.Followingthepassioninbusiness.7.Whatdoyouthinkoftheauthor?A.Lonelybuttalented. B.Passivebutproductive.C.Stressedbutoptimistic. D.Uncreativebutchangeable.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从被抑郁症困扰，到通过考虑创业、启动创业来逐渐康复的故事。〖答案〗4.D5.A6.D7.C4．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第一段中“WhenIgothomeafterdroppingoutofcollegeinmyjunioryearbecauseofdepression,Ididn’twanttogetoutofbedeveryday.(当我在大学三年级因为抑郁症而辍学回到家时，我不想每天起床)”和第二段中“Butnoneofthesethingsmademehappy,andmydepressionseemedtofollowmeinseparably.(但这些都不能使我快乐，我的抑郁症似乎与我形影不离)”可知，作者因为抑郁症而辍学回家，总是无法摆脱其阴影，因此一直困扰他的是某些心理问题。故选D项。5．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第二段中“OnedaywhenIwaslyingonthecouch,notknowingwhattodo,IthoughtsinceIhadbeenoutofschoolforalongtime,Ihadbetterdosomethingproductiveinmylife.IlookedatwhatIcoulddo.(有一天，我躺在沙发上，不知道该做什么，我想既然我已经离开学校很长一段时间了，我最好在我的生活中做一些有成效的事情。我看了看我能做什么)”可知，有一天作者开始想事，寻找出路。故选A项。6．〖解析〗推理判断题。根据第三段中“NomatterwhatkindofdayI’mhavingnow,themerementionofstart-upsstillcheersmeup.(不管我现在过着怎样的一天，只要一提到创业公司，我就会振作起来)”和“thisenthusiasmhasalwaysbeeninmyheart(这种热情一直在我心中)”可知，真正让作者振奋精神的是追随对商业的热情。故选D项。7．〖解析〗推理判断题。根据第一、二段的叙述可知，作者被抑郁症困扰着，无力也无心做任何事情，因此是充满压力的。根据第三、四段的叙述可知，作者想起了自己对于创业的热情，开始思考各种想法，想把想法转化为实际，由此可知，他在努力寻求出路，因此是乐观的。故选C项。CThepopulardocumentaryseriesAerialChina(航拍中国)recentlyreturnedtothesmallscreen.Thelatestandfourthseasonofitgivesaperspectivethatisbothexcellentandinformative.Asthefinaloftheseries,thenewseasonwasshotacross11provincial-levelregionsandstartedinthespringof2020.“Theexperiencefromthepreviousthreeseasonsmakesusmorecapabletofollowwildanimalswhileavoidingdisturbingthem,”saysYu,chiefdirectoroftheseries.Chinahasmadegreateffortstoprotectendangeredwildlifespeciesandtheirhabitatsinrecentyears,andithasbecomemucheasiertospotrarespeciesinthewild.TakingTibetanantelopesasanexample,theplateau-basedcreaturesweredifficulttoencounterinthepast,buttheexpansionoftheirpopulationandenhancedresearchontheirlivingpatternshaveallowedthecameracrewtotailorplanstofollowtheanimals.Mostclose-upsfortheseasonwereshotbyphotographersfromhelicoptersorcamerasinstalledondrones(无人机).Thevitalmomentforasuccessfulshotdependsonthemoodoftheanimalsorhowgoodtheweatheris,”Yusays.InanattempttofullyshowChina’shugechangesoverthepastdecade,thedocumentaryseriesconsultedexpertsfromdifferentfieldstohelpselectthemostattractiveshootingsites.Inthefinalseason,AerialChinahasused73helicoptersand320dronestoshootfootageoveranareaof900,000kilometers,andselectedaround1,000staffers.Morethan30teamswereassignedtoshootindifferentcitiesforthefourthseason.Thepreviousthreeseasonshavebeenwatchedby850millionTVviewersandseenonlineover140milliontimes.Forfansoftheseries,thedirectorsayshehopesthatthenewseasonwilldrawabiggeraudiencewithitsunusualperspectivetoshowthemChinalikeneverseenbefore.8.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“perspective”inthefirstparagraph?A.Reference. B.Viewpoint. C.Mention. D.Standard.9.WhyareTibetanantelopesmentioned?A.Toindicateasuccessfulencounter. B.Tointroducenewlivingpatterns.C.Toshowabiologicalimprovement, D.Tosaveendangeredwildlifespecies.10.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Theteammembers’roles. B.Thesplendidshootingsites.C.Thehi-techdevicesforshooting. D.Theeffortsspentintheseason.11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphwanttotellus?A.Thisisthelastbutoneseason. B.Thisseasoniswellworthviewing.C.TheseriesispopularwithTVreviewers. D.TheseriesisintendedforChinesefans.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是《航拍中国》第四季的拍摄过程以及与前三季的不同之处。〖答案〗8.B9.C10.D11.B8．〖解析〗词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“Thelatestandfourthseasonofitgivesa…(它的最新的第四季提供了一个……)”后的“thatisbothexcellentandinformative.Asthefinaloftheseries,thenewseasonwasshotacross11provincial-levelregionsandstartedinthespringof2020.(优秀又信息丰富的。作为该系列的最后一季，新一季在11个省级地区拍摄，并于2020年春季开播。)”，可知，第四季《航拍中国》提供了一个既优秀信息量有丰富的……，结合第三段中的“Mostclose-upsfortheseasonwereshotbyphotographersfromhelicoptersorcamerasinstalledondrones(无人机).(这一季的大部分特写镜头都是由直升机上的摄影师或安装在无人机上的摄像机拍摄的。)”和“InanattempttofullyshowChina’shugechangesoverthepastdecade,thedocumentaryseriesconsultedexpertsfromdifferentfieldstohelpselectthemostattractiveshootingsites.(为了充分展示中国在过去十年中的巨大变化，该纪录片系列咨询了来自不同领域的专家，以帮助选择最具吸引力的拍摄地点。)”可知，该季的大部分特写镜头都是用直升机上的摄影师或无人机拍摄的，并且还咨询了很多不同领域的专家帮助选择最具吸引力的拍摄点，由此可推测，该赛季拍摄的拍摄角度不同，信息量更大，所以划线单词的意思与“视角”意义相近。故选B项。9．〖解析〗推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Chinahasmadegreateffortstoprotectendangeredwildlifespeciesandtheirhabitatsinrecentyears,andithasbecomemucheasiertospotrarespeciesinthewild.(近年来，中国在保护濒危野生动物及其栖息地方面做出了巨大努力，在野外发现稀有物种变得更加容易了。)”可知，此处提到了中国在保护野生动物及其栖息地方面做出很大的努力，进而下文以藏羚羊为例来说明做出这些努力的效果，结合“TakingTibetanantelopesasanexample,theplateau-basedcreaturesweredifficulttoencounterinthepast,buttheexpansionoftheirpopulationandenhancedresearchontheirlivingpatternshaveallowedthecameracrewtotailorplanstofollowtheanimals.(以藏羚羊为例，过去在高原上很难遇到这种生物，但随着它们数量的增加和对它们生活模式的研究的加强，摄制组可以量身定制跟踪这些动物的计划。)”可知，藏羚羊的数量增加，有利于拍摄这些野生动物，所以本文提到藏羚羊的目的是表明生物得到了改善。故选C项。10．〖解析〗主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Inthefinalseason,AerialChinahasused73helicoptersand320dronestoshootfootageoveranareaof900,000kilometers,andselectedaround1,000staffers.Morethan30teamswereassignedtoshootindifferentcitiesforthefourthseason.(在最后一季中，《空中中国》动用了73架直升机和320架无人机，拍摄了90万公里的区域，并挑选了大约1000名工作人员。超过30个团队被派往不同的城市拍摄第四季。)”可知，该季拍摄动用了很多直升机和无人机，拍摄区域之广，工作人员以及拍摄的城市之多以及上文中介绍的该季拍摄的特写镜头都是在直升飞机上的摄影师或在无人机上的摄像头拍摄，还咨询了很多专家选择最佳的拍摄场地，由此可知，第三段讲述的是该季纪录片拍摄所付出的努力。故选D项。11．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Forfansoftheseries,thedirectorsayshehopesthatthenewseasonwilldrawabiggeraudiencewithitsunusualperspectivetoshowthemChinalikeneverseenbefore.(对于该纪录片的粉丝，导演表示，他希望新一季能以不同寻常的视角吸引更多的观众，向他们展示从未见过的中国。)”可知，导演希望新一季能以不同寻常的角度吸引更多的观众，展示从未见过的中国，由此可知，本段想告诉我们这一季更值得观看。故选B项。DPlantsdonotsufferinsilencewhenthirstyorstressed,accordingtoanewstudypublishedtodayinCell.Plantsthatneedwaterorhaverecentlyhadtheirbranchescutproduceuptoroughly35soundsperhour,theauthorsfound.Butwell-wateredanduncutplantsaremuchquieter,makingonlyaboutonesoundperhour.Thereasonwhyyouhaveprobablyneverheardathirstyplantmakenoisesisthatthesoundsaresohigh-pitchedthatveryfewhumanscouldhearthem.Someanimals,however,probablycan.Bats,miceandmothscouldpossiblyliveinaworldfilledwiththesoundsofplants,andpreviousworkbythesameteamhasfoundthatplantsrespondtosoundsmadebyanimals,too.Tooverhearplants,LilachHadanyatTel-AvivUniversityinIsraelandhercolleaguesplacedtobaccoandtomatoplantsinsmallboxesprovidedwithmicrophones.Themicrophonespickedupanynoisesmadebytheplants,eveniftheresearcherscouldn’thearthem.Thenoiseswereparticularlyobviousforplantsthatwerestressedbyalackofwaterorrecentcutting.Plantsdonothavevocalcords(声带)orlungs.Hadanysaysthecurrenttheoryforhowplantsmakenoisescentersontheirxylem(木质部)thattransportwaterandnutrientsfromtheirrootstotheirbranchesandleaves.Waterinthexylemisheldtogetherbysurfacetension,justlikewatermovingthroughadrinkingstraw.Ifanairbubble(气泡)formsorbreaksinthexylem,itmightmakealittlepoppingnoise;bubbleformationismorelikelyduringdryseasons.Buttheexactsystemrequiresfurtherstudy,Hadanysays.Theteamproducedamachine-learningmodeltocheckwhetheraplanthadbeencutorwaswater-stressedfromthesoundsitmade,withabout70%accuracy.Thisresultsuggestsapossiblerolefortheaudiomonitoringofplantsinfarmingandgardening.Totestthepracticalityofthisapproach,theteamtriedrecordingplantsinagreenhouse.Pilotstudiesbytheauthorssuggestthattomatoandtobaccoplantsarenotexception.Wheat,cornandwinegrapesalsomakenoiseswhentheyarethirsty.12.Whatisthenewresearchmainlyabout?A.Plantscanreacttoanimals. B.Plantscanproducesounds.C.Well-wateredplantskeepsilent. D.Branchlessplantsneedwatering.13.WhatcanhappentoplantsshortofwateraccordingtoHadany?A.Theycancreatemorebubbles. B.Theycanfeellessstressed.C.Theyrequirelessnutrientsupply. D.Theyneedlungstobreathemore.14.Whatmightthemodelbeappliedto?A.Fruitgrowing. B.Cropselection.C.Watersourceprotection. D.Noisepollutiontest.15.Whatmightbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HowPlantsAreThirsty B.WhenNatureExpressesItselfC.HowPlantsCryforTheirNeeds D.WhenCreaturesHearEachOther【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现植物在口渴或压力时会发出声音，人们听不见的原因是这种声音非常高，很少有人能听到。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及应用前景。〖答案〗12.B13.A14.A15.C12．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第一段“Plantsdonotsufferinsilencewhenthirstyorstressed,accordingtoanewstudypublishedtodayinCell.(根据今天发表在《细胞》杂志上的一项新研究，植物在口渴或压力时不会沉默)”以及第二段“Plantsthatneedwaterorhaverecentlyhadtheirbranchescutproduceuptoroughly35soundsperhour,theauthorsfound.Butwell-wateredanduncutplantsaremuchquieter,makingonlyaboutonesoundperhour.(作者发现，需要水或最近被切断树枝的植物每小时发出大约35个声音。但浇水充足和未修剪的植物则要安静得多，每小时只发出一种声音)”可知，这项新研究的主要内容是植物可以发出声音。故选B。13．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Waterinthexylemisheldtogetherbysurfacetension,justlikewatermovingthroughadrinkingstraw.Ifanairbubble(气泡)formsorbreaksinthexylem,itmightmakealittlepoppingnoise;bubbleformationismorelikelyduringdryseasons.(木质部中的水通过表面张力聚集在一起，就像水通过吸管一样。如果一个气泡在木质部形成或破裂，它可能会发出一点爆裂声;在干旱季节更容易形成气泡)”可知，缺水的植物可以产生更多的气泡。故选A。14．〖解析〗推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Thisresultsuggestsapossiblerolefortheaudiomonitoringofplantsinfarmingandgardening.(这一结果表明，音频监测植物在农业和园艺中的可能作用)”以及最后一段“Wheat,cornandwinegrapesalsomakenoiseswhentheyarethirsty.(小麦、玉米和酿酒葡萄在口渴时也会发出声音)”可推知，该模型可以应用于果树栽培。故选A。15．〖解析〗主旨大意题。根据第一段“Plantsdonotsufferinsilencewhenthirstyorstressed,accordingtoanewstudypublishedtodayinCell.(根据今天发表在《细胞》杂志上的一项新研究，植物在口渴或压力时不会沉默)”结合文章主要说明了研究发现植物在口渴或压力时会发出声音，人们听不见的原因是这种声音非常高，很少有人能听到。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及应用前景。可知，C选项“植物如何为它们的需要而哭泣”最符合文章标题。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。DoLobstersFeelPain?Thetraditionalmethodforcookingalobster(龙虾)—boilingitalive—raisesthequestionofwhetherornotlobstersfeelpain.___16___.Lobstersgobadveryquicklyaftertheydie,andeatingadeadlobsterincreasestheriskofillnessandreducesthequalityofitsflavor.However,iflobstersarecapableoffeelingpain,themethodandothers,suchasstoringthelivelobsteronice,raisemoralquestionsforchefsandlobstereatersalike.___17___.Lobstershaveaperipheralsystemlikehumans,butinsteadofasinglebrain,theypossessnervecluster(神经簇).Becauseofthisdifference,someresearchersarguelobstersaretoodissimilartovertebrates(脊椎动物)tofeelpain.Nonetheless,lobstersdosatisfyallofthestandardforapainresponse.Lobstersguardtheirinjuries,learntoavoiddangeroussituations,respondtoanesthetics,andarebelievedtopossesssomelevelofconsciousness.Somostscientistsbelievethatinjuringalobstercausesphysicalpain.___18___,soitisnowbecomingillegaltoboillobstersaliveorkeepthemonice.Currently,boilinglobstersaliveisillegalinSwitzerland,NewZealand,andtheItaliancityReggioEmilia.ThemosthumanetoolforcookingalobsteristheCrustaStun.Thisdeviceelectrocutesalobster,makingitunconsciousinlessthanhalfasecondorkillingitin5to10seconds.___19___.Unfortunately,theCrustaStunistooexpensiveformostrestaurantsandpeopletoafford.Somerestaurantsplacealobsterinaplasticbagandplaceitinthefreezerforacoupleofhours,duringwhichtimeitlosesconsciousnessanddies.___20___,butitisprobablythemosthumaneoptionforkillingalobsterbeforecookingandeatingit.A.ThissolutionisnotidealB.Andthen,itcanbecutapartorboiledC.LobstersarepopularfoodinmanycountriesD.ThereisgrowingevidencethatlobstersmayfeelpainE.ScientistsdisagreeoverwhetherornotlobstersfeelpainF.ManyrestaurantschoosemorehumanemethodstocookitG.Thiscookingwayisusedtoimprovehumans’diningexperience【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一直以来科学家们对龙虾是否会感到疼痛持不同意见，现在越来越多的证据表明，龙虾可能会感到疼痛，因此一些国家禁止将龙虾活煮或放在冰上，推荐使用更人道的水产品电击器处理龙虾，一些无力负担该工具的餐馆则尽量选择其他人道的方式进行处理。〖答案〗16.G17.E18.D19.B20.A16．〖解析〗前文“Thetraditionalmethodforcookingalobster(龙虾)—boilingitalive—raisesthequestionofwhetherornotlobstersfeelpain.(传统的烹饪龙虾的方法——活煮龙虾——引发了龙虾是否会感到疼痛的问题)”引入传统活煮龙虾的话题，后文“Lobstersgobadveryquicklyaftertheydie,andeatingadeadlobsterincreasestheriskofillnessandreducesthequalityofitsflavor.(龙虾死后很快就会变质，吃死龙虾会增加患病的风险，并降低其味道的质量)”具体解释采用这种烹饪方式的原因，因此G项“Thiscookingwayisusedtoimprovehumans’diningexperience(这种烹饪方式被用来改善人类的用餐体验)”符合语境，承接前文，概括后文的具体解释，其中的Thiscookingway指代前文的boilingitalive。故选G。17．〖解析〗空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。根据后文的“Becauseofthisdifference,someresearchersarguelobstersaretoodissimilartovertebrates(脊椎动物)tofeelpain.(由于这种差异，一些研究人员认为龙虾与脊椎动物太不相似了，感觉不到疼痛)”和“Somostscientistsbelievethatinjuringalobstercausesphysicalpain.(因此，大多数科学家认为，伤害龙虾会导致身体疼痛)”可知，本段主要介绍了对龙虾是否会感到疼痛的两种不同意见，因此E项“Scientistsdisagreeoverwhetherornotlobstersfeelpain(科学家们对龙虾是否会感到疼痛持不同意见)”符合语境，统领后文内容，其中的feelpain和后文的feelpain是同词复现。故选E。18．〖解析〗空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。后文“soitisnowbecomingillegaltoboillobstersaliveorkeepthemonice(因此，现在将龙虾活煮或放在冰上是违法的)”指出活煮龙虾或把龙虾放在冰上被禁止，因此D项“Thereisgrowingevidencethatlobstersmayfeelpain(越来越多的证据表明，龙虾可能会感到疼痛)”符合语境，解释后文被禁止的原因。故选D。19．〖解析〗前文“ThemosthumanetoolforcookingalobsteristheCrustaStun.Thisdeviceelectrocutesalobster,makingitunconsciousinlessthanhalfasecondorkillingitin5to10seconds.(煮龙虾最人道的工具是水产品电击器。这种装置可以电击龙虾，让它在不到半秒的时间内失去意识，或者在5到10秒内杀死它)”介绍了使用水产品电击器来处理龙虾的方式，因此B项“Andthen,itcanbecutapartorboiled(然后，它可以被切开或煮)”符合语境，承接前文，其中的it指代前文的alobster。故选B。20．〖解析〗前文“Somerestaurantsplacealobsterinaplasticbagandplaceitinthefreezerforacoupleofhours,duringwhichtimeitlosesconsciousnessanddies.(一些餐馆把龙虾放在塑料袋里，放在冰箱里几个小时，在这段时间里，龙虾失去知觉，死亡)”介绍了一些无力负担水产品电击器的餐馆处理龙虾的方法，后文“butitisprobablythemosthumaneoptionforkillingalobsterbeforecookingandeatingit(但在烹饪和食用龙虾之前杀死它可能是最人性化的选择)”对这种方法做出了评价，因此A项“Thissolutionisnotideal(这个解决方案并不理想)”符合语境，承接前文，和后文形成转折。故选A。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。JackyHunt-Broersma,anativeofSouthAfrica,sethergoalinmid-January.Andsincethenshehasbeenrunning26.2mileseveryday,aboutthe___21___ofamarathon.OnSaturday,shecompletedher104thmarathon—a(an)___22___sheexpectstobeconfirmedbyGuinnessWorldRecords.Ifso,shewouldthen___23___aworldrecordfor104back-to-back(持续的)marathonruns,twomorethanherprevious___24___.Thecurrentworldrecordof101___25___wassetonApril10byBritishrunnerKateJayden.The35-year-oldJaydendoesnothavea/an___26___.Hunt-Broersma___27___halfofherleftlegtoarareformofcancerin2001.“Thebiggest___28___wasacceptingthatpartofmybodywasgone,”shesaid.“Untilfiveyearsago,Iwasnotvery___29___.Butafterlookingintorunning,I____30____togiveitatry.”Thesportendedupbeingquite____31____.Currently,shekeepsrunningonafalse____32____madeoutofcarbonfiber.Thecarbonfiberblade(刀锋)sheuses,designedspecificallyfor____33____,costsabout$10,000.ButHunt-Broersmasaysher____34____hasbeenwellworthwhile.“Runningreally____35____mylife,”shesaid.“Itgavemeasenseoffreedom.Ifellinlovewiththeprocessof____36____mybodyfurtherjusttoseewhatIcoulddo.”However,shefacedbothphysicalandmental____37____.Ononerecentday,Hunt-Broersmasaidshefeltnearcollapse(崩溃)at24kilometers.Inthatmoment,shefeltlikeherplannedgoalmightnot____38____atall.Hunt-Broersmaishopingto____39____asinglethoughtinothers——“You’re____40____thanyouthinkandyou’recapableofsomuchmore.”21．A.background B.theme C.distance D.speed22．A.experiment B.achievement C.invention D.program23．A.recover B.witness C.design D.hold24．A.measure B.goal C.rank D.position25．A.marathons B.circles C.kilometers D.points26．A.experience B.advantage C.disability D.mistake27．A.owed B.donated C.devoted D.lost28．A.struggle B.possibility C.opportunity D.regret29．A.active B.sensitive C.negative D.reliable30．A.pretended B.continued C.decided D.refused31．A.complex B.attractive C.expensive D.awkward32．A.machine B.leg C.track D.runway33．A.running B.training C.operation D.competition34．A.project B.arrangement C.analysis D.investment35．A.recorded B.changed C.reflected D.limited36．A.approaching B.supporting C.pushing D.adjusting37．A.factors B.differences C.results D.difficulties38．A.drawnear B.cometrue C.slowdown D.fellbehind39．A.describe B.seek C.collect D.inspire40．A.stronger B.healthier C.stricter D.braver【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了因癌症失去一条腿的妇女Hunt-Broersma跑步打破世界纪录的故事。〖答案〗21.C22.B23.D24.B25.A26.C27.D28.A29.A30.C31.C32.B33.A34.D35.B36.C37.D38.B39.D40.A21．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，她每天跑26.2英里，大约是马拉松的距离。A.background背景；B.theme主题；C.distance距离；D.speed速度。根据上文“shehasbeenrunning26.2mileseveryday”她每天跑26.2英里，以及下文“amarathon”由此可知，此处应表示她每天跑26.2英里，大约是马拉松的距离。故选C项。22．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：周六，她完成了自己的第104次马拉松比赛——她希望这一成就能被吉尼斯世界纪录确认。A.experiment实验；B.achievement成绩；C.invention发明；D.program节目。根据上文“shecompletedher104thmarathon”完成了自己的第104次马拉松比赛，由此可知，她希望这一成就能被吉尼斯世界纪录确认。故选B项。23．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果是这样的话，她将保持连续跑104次马拉松的世界纪录，比她之前的目标多两次。A.recover恢复；B.witness目睹；C.design设计；D.hold持有。根据句意以及该句中的“aworldrecord”可知，此处应表示她将保持连续跑104次马拉松的世界纪录，holdaworldrecord“保持世界纪录”。故选D项。24．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果是这样的话，她将保持连续跑104次马拉松的世界纪录，比她之前的目标多两次。A.measure措施；B.goal目标；C.rank排名；D.position位置。根据句意以及下文“twomorethanherprevious”由此可推知，此处应表示她的104次马拉松的世界纪录比她之前的目标多两次。故选B项。25．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前101场马拉松的世界纪录是由英国选手凯特·杰登于4月10日创造的。A.marathons马拉松；B.circles圈子；C.kilometers千米；D.points点。根据上文“aworldrecordfor104back-to-back(持续的)marathonruns”一直在讲的马拉松记录可知，此处应表示目前101场马拉松的世界纪录是由英国选手凯特·杰登于4月10日创造的。故选A项。26．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：35岁的Jayden没有残疾。A.experience经历；B.advantage优点；C.disability残疾；D.mistake错误。根据下文提到的“herleftlegtoarareformofcancer”以及“acceptingthatpartofmybodywasgone”由此可知，此处应表示35岁的Jayden没有残疾，和Hunt-Broersma的身体状况形成对比。故选C项。27．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：Hunt-Broersma在2001年因一种罕见的癌症失去了左腿的一半。A.owed欠；B.donated捐赠；C.devoted献身；D.lost失去。根据下文“herleftlegtoarareformofcancer”以及“acceptingthatpartofmybodywasgone”接受身体的一部分缺失，可知，Hunt-Broersma失去了左腿的一半。故选D项。28．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：最大的斗争是接受我身体的一部分不见了。A.struggle斗争；B.possibility可能性；C.opportunity机会；D.regret后悔。根据上文提到的因一种罕见的癌症失去了左腿的一半，以及下文“Untilfiveyearsago,Iwasnotvery__.”由此可推知，此处应表示最大的斗争是接受身体的一部分不见了。故选A项。29．〖解析〗考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一直到五年前，我都不是很活跃。A.active活跃的；B.sensitive敏感的；C.negative负面的；D.reliable可靠的。根据上文提到的最大的斗争是接受身体的一部分不见了，以及下文“I_____togiveitatry.”决定试一试，由此可推知，此处应表示一直到五年前，我都不是很活跃。故选A项。30．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在研究了跑步之后，我决定试一试。A.pretended假装；B.continued继续；C.decided决定；D.refused拒绝。根据上文“Butafterlookingintorunning”以及下文的内容可知，此处应表示在研究了跑步之后，我决定试一试。故选C项。31．〖解析〗考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项运动最终相当昂贵。A.complex复杂的；B.attractive吸引人的；C.expensive昂贵的；D.awkward难堪的。根据下文“costsabout$10,000.”提到了高的价格，由此可知，此处应表示这项运动最终相当昂贵。故选C项。32．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前，她一直用碳纤维制成的假腿跑步。A.machine机器；B.leg腿；C.track踪迹；D.runway跑道。根据上文提到的“Hunt-Broersmahalfofherleftlegtoarareformofcancerin2001.”可知她失去了左腿的一半，由此推断，此处应表示她一直用碳纤维制成的假腿跑步。故选B项。33．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：她使用的碳纤维刀锋是专门为跑步设计的，价格约为1万美元。A.running跑步；B.training训练；C.operation手术；D.competition比赛。根据上文提到的“shekeepsrunning”由此可知，此处应表示她使用的碳纤维刀锋是专门为跑步设计的。故选A项。34．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：但Hunt-Broersma表示，她的投资是值得的。A.project项目；B.arrangement安排；C.analysis分析；D.investment投资。根据上文提到的她一直用的碳纤维制成的假腿价格很高，以及该句中的“wellworthwhile”可推知，此处应表示她的投资是值得的。故选D项。35．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：跑步真的改变了我的生活。A.recorded记录；B.changed改变；C.reflected反映；D.limited限制。根据上下文语境以及下文“Itgavemeasenseoffreedom.”给了我一种自由的感觉，由此可推知，此处应表示跑步真的改变了我的生活。故选B项。36．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：我爱上了把我的身体推得更远的过程，只是为了看看我能做什么。A.approaching接近；B.supporting支持；C.pushing推；D.adjusting调整。根据句意以及该句中的“mybodyfurther”由此可知，此处应表示把我的身体推得更远。故选C项。37．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，她面临着身体和精神上的双重困难。A.factors因素；B.differences区别；C.results结果；D.difficulties困难。根据下文“Hunt-Broersmasaidshefeltnearcollapse(崩溃)at24kilometers.”她在24公里处感到几近崩溃，由此可推知，此处应表示她面临着身体和精神上的双重困难。故选D项。38．〖解析〗考查动词短语辨析。句意：在那一刻，她觉得她计划的目标可能根本不会实现。A.drawnear临近；B.cometrue实现；C.slowdown减速；D.fellbehind落后。根据上文提到的她面临着身体和精神上的双重困难，以及该句中的“shefeltlikeherplannedgoalmightnot”由此可知，此处应表示她觉得她计划的目标可能根本不会实现。故选B项。39．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：Hunt-Broersma希望激发其他人的一个想法。A.describe描述；B.seek寻找；C.collect收集；D.inspire激励。根据上下文语境以及下文“

asinglethoughtinothers——You’re____thanyouthinkandyou’recapableofsomuchmore.””可推知，此处应表示Hunt-Broersma希望激发其他人的想法。故选D