2021年中考英语必读时事热点5（解析版）

2020年中考英语必读时事热点(5)

文章导读

一、阅读理解“胖五”发射成功！中国航天迎来新突破。

二、阅读理解新中国成立70周年：历经风雨，创造奇迹。

三、完形填空5G世界——智慧校园来袭，未来的知识殿堂会是怎样的？

四、阅读理解人物传记——冲在抗役第一线，风趣直率的医生张文宏

五、阅读理解2019-2020年上海垃圾分类初战告捷，其他城市准备好了吗？

六、语法填空国庆阅兵，世纪盛典。

七、书面表达践行垃圾分类，建设美好家园。

一、阅读理解

TheLongMarch5Y3isChina'sstrongestrocket.XINHUA

China'sbiggestandmostpowerfulcarrier（运载）rocketroared（轰鸣）inlospaceonDec27,2019.TheLong

March5kickedoffitsmission（任务）attheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainan.

The57-meter-tallrocket,knownastheLongMarch5Y3,isthetallest,strongestandmosttechnologically

sophisticated（技术复杂的）rocketinChina.SinceitismuchbiggerthanChina'sotherLongMarchrockets,

peoplecallit"Fat5”.Therocketisabletocarryspacecraft（航天器）weighingupto25tons-roughlytheweight

of16midsizecars-intolow-Earthorbit（近地轨道）,ChinaDailyreported.Thispayloadcapacity（有效载荷）is

about2.5timesgreaterthanthatofanyotherChineserocket.

DuringtheDecemberlaunch,theLongMarch5successfullysenttheShijian20experimentalsatelliteinto

orbit.Atmorethan8tons,itistheheaviestandmostadvancedcommunications（通信）satellitebuiltbyChina.

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ThelaunchalsotestedkeytechnologiesthatwillbeusedtotaketheChang'e5probe（探测器）tothemoon,

accordingtotheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration.

ThesuccessoftheLongMarch5launchwashard-ea门led.Therocket'sfirstlaunchwascarriedoutin

November2016attheWenchangcenter.AsecondmissiontookplaceinJuly2017atthesamesite,butfailedto

sendasatelliteintoorbit.Accordingtoprojectleaders,inthetwoyearssincethatfailure,therockefsresearch

teamheldmorethan600seminars（研讨会）andcarriedoutatleast1,000experimentsandteststoimprovethe

rocket.

“ComparedwiththeLongMarch5Y2thatwasusedinthefailedsecondmission,thenewonehasabout200

technicalimprovements,includingchangestotheenginedesign,“LiDong,therocket'schiefdesigner（总设计师）,

saidtoChinaDaily.

ThefuturemissionsoftheLongMarch5willincludeatriptoMars,takingbackmoonsamples（样本）,and

placingpartsofamanned（载人的）spacestationintoorbit.

1.WhatdoweknowabouttheLongMarch5?

A.Itwaslaunchedatthestartof2019.

B.ItwaslaunchedinXichang.

C.Itisthetallestrocketintheworld.

D.ItisthebiggestLongMarchrocket.

2.WhatisthepayloadcapacityofotherChineserockets?

A.About2.5tons.B.About10tons.

C.About25tons.D.About63tons.

3.TheLongMarch5wasusedto.

A.improvesatelliteengineeringtechnologies

B.sendChina'sheaviestsatelliteintoorbit

C.taketheChang'e5probetothemoon

D.sendamannedspacestationintoorbit

4.Whatthemeaningoftheunderlineword?

A.很难赚钱的B.来之不易的C.奋勇向前的D.气馁的

5.Whatisthelastparagraphabout?

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A.WhentheLongMarch5willstopworking.

B.HowChina'sspacestationwillbebuilt.

C.WhattheLongMarch5willbeusedforinthefuture.

D.WhatChina'sspaceexplorationwillfocusoninthefuture.

【答案】DBBCC

【解析】中国最大的运载火箭发射成功，标志中国航天事业又一新的突破。

1.D细节理解题。从开头第一句China'sbiggestandmostpowerfulcarrier（运载）rocketroared（轰鸣）intospaceon

Dec27,2019可知答案。

2.B推理题。从Therocketisabletocarryspacecraft（航天器）weighingupto25tonso和Thispayloadcapacity（有效

载荷）isabout2.5timesgreaterthanthatofanyotherChineserocket.这一有效载荷能力大约是中国其他火箭的2.5

倍。所以其他运载火箭是10tons

3.B细节理解题。从这里可知答案：DuringtheDecemberlaunch,theLongMarch5successfullysenttheShijian20

experimentalsatelliteintoorbit.Atmorethan8tons,itistheheaviestandmostadvancedcommunications（通信）

satellitebuiltbyChinao在12月的发射过程中，长征五号成功地将“世建20号”实验卫星送入轨道。它的重量超过

8吨。

4.C字义猜测题。从后文中2016年2017年2次发射失败。而2019年发射成功，可知这次成功“来之不易”符合

题意。

5.C主旨题。最后一段介绍长征5号将来要发挥的作用。故答案选C。

二、阅读理解（原创）

Theyear2019markedthe70thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina（PRC）.Overthe

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past70years,undertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChina（CPC）,Chinahasexperiencedhistoric

changesandmadegreatachievements.

Thenationhasexperiencedgreateconomic（经济的）growthinthepastsevendecades（十年）.

In1978,China'sGDPwasthe11thhighestintheworld.In2010,ChinaovertookJapantobecomethe

second-largesteconomyintheworldaftertheUS.Thecountryisstillinthatpositionnow.

WithChina'sentryintotheWorldTradeOrganization（WTO）in2001,thecountryhasbecomeamajorpower

forworldeconomicgrowth.Since2002,ithashelpedtheworldeconomygrowbynearly30percentonaverage

（平均）.TheentryintotheWTOalsoallowedlessexpensiveforeignfoods,suchasAmericangrapesand

Japaneseveal（小牛肉），tobesoldinChinesesupermarkets.Atthesametime,manyforeignelectronics

factorieshavemovedtoChina,makingtheseproductscheaper.TodayChinaistheworld'slargestexporter（出口

国）andthesecond-largestimporter（进口国），accordingtoChinaDaily.

Infightingpoverty（贫穷）inrecentdecades,Chinahasmadehistoricachievementsandbecomeamajor

contributor（贡献者）totheimprovementofpeople'slivesaroundtheworld.Toreduce（减少）poverty,the

Chinesegovernmenthasdonealotofwork.Itbuiltroads,createdjobs,andgavepeoplebettereducationand

medicalservices.Thecountryhaspromisedtoeradicate（根除）extreme（极端）povertyby2020,andtodate,

morethan800millionChinesehavebeenliftedoutofpoverty,ChinaDailynoted.

Asforeducation,manyChinesearegoingabroadtostudyanddoresearch.Over600,000Chinesewent

abroadtostudyin2018,accordingtoChinaDaily.Chinahasalsosetup536ConfuciusInstitutes（孔子学院）in

morethan150countries.ManyforeignstudentsarelearningChineselanguageandculturethere.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutChina'seconomy?

A.China'sGDPreacheditshighestlevelin1978.

B.China'seconomyovertookJapan'sforoneyear.

C.China'seconomyisthesecond-largestintheworld.

D.Chinaistheworld'slargestimporterandexporter.

2.WhathasChinadonetoreducepoverty?

a.Builtroads.

b.Createdmorejobs.

c.Givenpeoplemoney.

d.Improvedmedicalservices.

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e.Providedfreecollegeeducation.

A.abeB.abdC.acdD.bee

3.China'sentryintotheWorldTradeOrganizationhelps.

A.becomeastrongcountry.B.developChinaandtheworldeconomicgrowth.

C.developChina'seducation.D.providepeoplemorejobs

4.Whatisthelastparagraphabout?

A.HowmanyChinesestudentsarestudyingabroad.

B.WhyChinahassetupConfuciusInstitutes.

C.China'sdevelopmentineducation.

D.China'ssupportforforeignstudents.

5.Whatisthisarticlemainlyabout?

A.HowgreatChina'seconomyis.

B.HowChinahasfoughtpoverty.

C.HowChina'seducationhaschanged.

D.TheachievementsChinahasmade.

【答案】CBCBD

【解析】本文从经济文化介绍中国70年来取得的成就。

1.C细节理解题In1978,China'sGDPwasthe11thhighestintheworld.In2010,ChinaovertookJapanto

becomethesecond-largesteconomyintheworldaftertheUS.Thecountryisstillinthatpositionnow.1978年，中

国的国内生产总值是世界第11位。2010年，中国超过日本，成为仅次于美国的世界第二大经济体。这个国

家现在仍然处于这个地位。可知答案。

2.B细节理解题。从第五段中.Itbuiltroads,createdjobs,andgavepeoplebettereducationandmedicalservices.

可知答案。

3.C主旨题。最后一段主要介绍中国文化方面的成果。故答案选C。

4.B文段理解题。中国加入世贸组织有助世界经济的发展，也使中国经济有较大发展。进出口成为世界第

二。进口产品价格降低，这些都是介绍中国经济的发展故答案B正确。

5.D本文从几个方面介绍中国在过去70年取得成就。

三、完形填空（原创）

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Whatwilltheschoolsofthefuturelooklike?Smartcampusesarebeingbuiltallovertheworld.Their

high-techfeatureshelpstudents1___moreeffectively,aswellasbringconvenience（便利）to___2.

TheUniversityofBritishColumbiahascreatedCanada'sfirst5G-poweredsmartcampus,accordingtoTheStar,

alocalnewspaper.Theschoolworkedwithatechcompany3___a5Gnetworkacrossitscampus.Their

researcherscanusethenetworktotest5Gsoftware（软件）.

AtStaffordshireUniversityintheUK,manystudentsenjoytalkingtoBeaconand___4____itquestions.

BeaconisanAIchatbot（聊天机器人）thatwasdevelopedbytheuniversity.Itislikeapersonalassistantfor

studentsattheschool.Theycanaskitquestions,suchaswhetherornotoneoftheirclassesiscancelled（取消）.

Amazonalsosellssmartcampus5.Alexa,thecompany'svoice-activated（声控的）smartassistant,

canbeusedtohelpteachersruntheirclassesmoreefficiently.Forexample,Alexacanremembertheteacher's

classroompreferences,suchashowbrightthelightsshouldbe,andchangethemaccordingly,accordingtoAmazon.

Peopleoften____6____universitiesas"mini-cities”.Theyoftenhavetheirowntransportation,roads,shops,

andbanks.Universitiesareseenasgood7totestsmarttechnology,becausetheyhavecontroloverallof

theirbuildings.

“Citiesaresobig,andtherearesomanyplayersandstakeholders（利益相关者）,itcanbedifficult.But

universitieshavecontrolovertheirestates（财产）.Theyownallthebuildings...sotheycanbecomelikealiving

lab,“saidGemmyGinty,adesignerwhoisworkingonasmartcampusdevelopmentstrategyfortheUniversityof

Glasgow,inareportbytheGuardian.

Long-distancelearning

5Gwillbeabighelpforstudentswhotakeonlineclasses.Manypeopleliveinpoorareaswherethereareno

schools.Butwith5G,thiswillchange.Withvirtualrealitysystems（虚拟现实系统），studentswillbeabletosee

placesliketheGreatWallwithout___8theirclassrooms.

InAustralia,forexample,manystudentslivefarawayfrom9Theyusewebcams（网络摄像头）to

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talktotheirteachers,butlag（滞后）andunstableconnections（不稳定的连接）makeitapoorexperience.

Withthespeedandstabilityof5G,theirteacherswillbeabletoteachwithout10abouttheir

connection,accordingtoTechradar.

l.A.playB.workC.learnD.teach

2.A.teachersB.studentsC.friendsD.classmates

3.A.buildingB.tobuildC.builtD.build

4.A.makingB.givingC.askingD.receiving

5.A.booksB.toolsC.toysD.products

6.A.describesB.callsC.imaginesD.keeps

7.A.schoolsB.factoriesC.citiesD.places

8.A.gettingB.arrivingC.leavingD.going

9.A.schoolsB.countrysideC.citiesD.towns

10.A.talkingB.feelingC.worryingD.experiencing

【答案】CABCDADCAC

【解析】本文介绍5G应用到学校后未来学校发生的一些变化。

1.C句意：他们的高科技特点帮助学生更有效地学习。帮助学生当然是“学习"learn符合题意。

2.A句意：也给教师带来方便。学生后面对应“teacher”答案选A

3.B句意：校与一家科技公司合作，在校园内建设5G网络。这里用tobuild不定式表示目的状语。

4.C句意：在英国斯塔福德郡大学(StaffordshireUniversity),许多学生喜欢和Beacon交流和它提问。这

里用ask问问题符合题意。

5.D句意：亚马逊还销售智能校园产品。这里product产品符合语境题意。

6.AA.describes描述B.call称呼C.imagines想象D.keeps保持。根据句意:A符合题意。

7.D句意：大学被认为是测试智能技术的好.Places地方符合语境。

8.C前面讲虚拟现实系统，所以学生无需离开教室就可以看到长城，符合语境。

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9.A从后面老师可以知道前面指学校。故答案选A

10.C前面讲网络不稳定，5G应用后无需担心连接问题。所以用“担心”符合题意。

四、阅读理解

“Feelboredstayingathome?Sodoesthevirus.Ifyoustaylonger,the

viruswillbeboredtodeath."ThisishowZhangWcnhongaskedpeopletostay

indoorsduringtheoutbreak.Zhangisheadoftheinfectiousdiseases

department（感染科）atHuashanHospitalAffiliatedwithFudanUniversityin

Shanghai.HealsoworksasheadoftheShanghaiexpertteamthattreatsnovelcoronaviruspneumonia（新冠肺炎）.

Thesedays,Zhanghasbecomeaninternetcelebrity（网红）duetohisfunnyandfrankwayoftalking.

Hefirstcaughtpeople'sattentioninlateJanuary,whenheaskedthemembersoftheCommunistPartyof

China（共产党员）inhisdepartmenttogotothefrontlinehospitals.Hisreasonwassimple:Theyhave“vowed（宣

誓）toputpeople'sinterestsfirst."Hisstraightforwardwayofspeakingquicklywonapplauseacrossthecountry.

Meanwhile,asaPartymemberhimself,Zhangsetanexamplebycheckingonpneumoniapatientseveryday."Ido

itinpersonbecauseIneedtoencourageothercolleagues（同事）,“hetoldthemedia.

ZhangbelievesinthetraditionalChineseideathat“thebestdoctorspreventthedisease（上医治未病）

That'swhyhetrieshisbesttospreadscientificknowledgeonhowtopreventtheepidemic.Hissenseofhumorhas

madeiteasierfortheknowledgetoreachthepublic.HeandhisteamalsoupdatetheirWeChataccounteveryday

withtimelyanalysesoftheepidemictodriveawaypublicworries.Oneofhisarticlesgotmorethan10millionhits.

ButZhangmightnotcareabouthissuddenfame.Whenaskedabouthisfeelingsafterbecomingfamous,

Zhangtoldthemedia,"Don'tpayattentiontome.PayattentiontoWuhan.Fmnotacelebrity.Tmadoctor.^^

ZhangWenhong'squotes（弓I述）goviralonline

"Everyoneisasoldier.You'renotjustquarantining（隔离）yourselfathome,butcombating（战斗）thevirus.^^

“Youarenotadoctor,butwhatyoudoismoreimportantthanwhatdoctorsdo.”

“Whenyouspeakless,yourthoughtsspring（涌出）.Stayingindoorswillbringyoubenefits.”

1.WhatwonZhangWenhongsuddenfameontheinternet?

A.Hismedicalskills.B.Hiswayofspeaking.

C.Hispersonalstories.D.Hisspecialtreatments.

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2.WhatdoweknowaboutZhangWenhong?

A.HeisnotaCPCmember.

B.Heputpeople'sinterestsfirst.

C.Hisstraightforwardwayofspeakingoffendssomepeople.

D.Heencouragedhiscolleaguestostayawayfrompatients.

3.AccordingtoZhang,thebestwaytostopthevirusis.

A.topreventitB.todevelopavaccine

C.tocheckpatientsD.todomoreresearch

4.WemightdescribeZhangWenhongas.

A.astrictpersonB.anirresponsibleman

C.asuperstarD.arespectabledoctor

【答案】BBAD

【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了张文宏医生。主要介绍了他在新冠病毒爆发期间，一直身先士卒，冲

在第一线，以其风趣直率的说话风格在网络上引起全国的关注。

1.B细节理解题。根据uThesedays,Zhanghasbecomeaninternetcelebrityduetohisfunnyandfrankwayof

talking",可知是因其风趣直率的说话风格，故选B。

2.B细节理解题。根据uHisreasonwassimple:Theyhave*vowedtoputpeopledinterestsfirst5,可知他将人

民的利益放在第一位，故选B。

3.A细节理解题o根据“ZhangbelievesinthetraditionalChineseideathat4thebestdoctorspreventthedisease,”,

可知他认为预防是阻断病毒最好的方式，故选A。

4.D推理判断题。通读全文，可推知张文宏医生是一个直率风趣、负责可敬的好医生，故选D。

五、阅读理解

IfyouliveinShanghai,youmighthavetakena“lesson"insorting（分类）garbage,asthecityintroduced

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newgarbage-sortingregulations（规章）onJuly1,2019.

AsChina'sfirstcitytocarryoutstrictregulationsongarbagesortingandrecycling,Shanghairequiresits

residents（居民）tosortgarbageintofourcategories（类别），namelyrecyclable,harmful,dryandwetwaste.If

peoplefailtosorttheirgarbageproperly,theycanbefinedupto200yuan.

Sincetheregulationtookeffect,theamountoftotaldailywasteinShanghaihasbeenreducedbyanaverage

of15,500tons,dropping26percentfromtheendof2018,whiletheaveragedailyweightofrecyclableshits4,500

tons,fivetimeshigherthantheendof2018,accordingtotheShanghaiLandscapingandCityAppearance

AdministrativeBureau.

Thecityalsorebuilt21,000waste-sortingstationsandmorethan40,000wastebinshavebeenupdated（更新）.

Thecity'swastecollectionandtransportationsystem（运输系统）iscomplete,accordingtothebureau.

“Properwastesortingprotectstheenvironmentandsavesnaturalresources,MsaidDengJianping,directorofthe

bureau."Ledbythecentralgovernment,Shanghaiismakingeffortstodeveloplong-termsolutionstogarbage

management.^^

However,therehavealsobeensomeproblems.Somepeoplecomplainedthatitisdifficulttodealwithwet

garbage,astheyareaskedtoremovewetgarbagefromitsbagwhendumping（倾倒）.Accordingtothesorting

rules,thewetgarbagemustgointhewetwastebinandthebagmustgointhedrywastebin.

Thisseparationisnecessary,asitensuresthatthewetgarbagewilldecompose（分解）properlyandbecome

usefulorganic（有机的）waste,thebureausaid.

Plasticbagscanaffectthisprocess.SomepeopleinShanghaiareinsteadusingpaperbagsthatcanbiodegrade

（生物降解）orplasticcontainersthatcanbewashedandreused,accordingtoXinhua.

1.PeopleinShanghaiareaskedtosorttheirgarbageintothecategories.

A.recyclable,dry,harmfulandkitchenwaste

B.recyclable,kitchen,dryand“other“waste

C.harmful,recyclable,dryand“other“waste

D.harmful,recyclable,dryandwetwaste

2.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphtellus?

A.Thegarbage-sortingregulationhasalreadybroughtimprovements.

B.Recyclablewastecomesouttotwo-thirdsofthetotaldailywaste.

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C.In2019,peopleproducedlesswastethanin2018.

D.Shanghaineedsstricterrulestodealwithwaste.

3.AccordingtoDengJianping,Shanghai.

A.hasaddedmorethan40,000wastebins

B.hashadproblemswithgarbagemanagement

C.willhelpothercitiesmakegarbage-sortingregulations

D.isstilllookingfbrlong-termsolutionstodealwithgarbage

4.Whatdoes“thisprocess“inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Theprocessofsortinggarbage.

B.Theprocessofdumpingwetwaste.

C.Theprocessofdecomposingwetwaste.

D.Theseparationofwetwasteanddrywaste.

5.Thisarticletellus.

A.whyShanghaimustsorttheirgarbage.

B.howShanghaisortstheirgarbage

C.thereasonofthegarbage-sortingregulationandsomeachievement.

D.howtoprotectourenvironment

【答案】DADCC

【解析】文章介绍了上海的垃圾分类的规则及垃圾分类的原因及取得的成绩。

1.D细节理解题。从Shanghairequiresitsresidents（居民）tosortgarbageintofourcategories（类别），namely

recyclable,harmful,dryandwetwaste。可知答案。

2.A这一段主要介绍上海垃圾分类的一些成绩和进步。故选A。

3.D根据“Ledbythecentralgovernment,Shanghaiismakingeffortstodeveloplong-termsolutionstogarbage

management.”“在中央政府的领导卜，上海正在努力制定垃圾管理的长期解决方案。”可知D选项正确。

4.C词义意思猜测。根据上文可知“thisprocess”指代施湿垃圾的分解。

5.C主旨题。文章介绍了上海的垃圾分类的规则及垃圾分类的原因及取得的成绩。故选C

六、语法填词（注意没有给出单词的空只能填一词，其他不限）（原创）

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Howtocelebrateabigbirthdaywithstyle

Tomarkthe1（70）anniversaryofthefoundingofNewChina,thecountryheldaseriesof

celebrations,includingawarding（授予）42peoplewith2（nation）medals（勋章）andhonorarytitles（荣

誉称号）,aswellasagrandcelebrationinfrontofTiananmen3Oct1.

Onthatday,PresidentXiJinping4（give）aspeechinTian'anmenSquare.Seventyyearsago,Xi

said,theChinesepeoplestooduptoputanendtopovertyand5（weak）.“Noforcecanevershakethe

statusofChina,orstoptheChinesepeopleandnationfrom6（march）fbrward,“Xisaid.