通用学术英语综合教程-读写 课件 大学英语IV-2-1-Can We Work Together

通用学术英语综合教程（读写）EnglishforGeneralAcademicPurposesREADING&WRITING

Chapter2CanWeWorkTogetherReading1Reading2LearningObjectivesToidentifyacademicsourcesTorecognizerhetoricalimportanceofin-textcitationsandreferencesTograsptwobasicwaysofsourcedocumentation:integralandnon-integralTograspthreebasicwaysofsourceincorporation:quoting/paraphrasing/summarizing

WhydoWeCooperate?GettingEvenorBeingatOdds?CoalitioninThree-toSix-personGroupsUCASReading1Why

DoWeCooperate?MichaelTomasello

UCASUCASReading1Reading1BeforeYouReadWhileYouReadAfterYouReadLanguageFocusAcademicLiteracySkillsUCASBeforeYouRead

UCASMenuWarming-upSomepeoplebelievethatwearebornselfish,whileothersthinkwearebornaltruistic.Examinethefollowingbooksandofferyourview.TheMagicofRealityattheGroceryStoreUCASReading1Pairwork1.Workinpairs:AandB.SupposeAisgivenasumofmoney(e.g.100yuan),andrequiredtodivideitbetweenBandhim/herself.Acanofferanysplitofthemoney,andBcaneitheracceptorrejecttheproposeddivision.IfBacceptstheoffer,themoneyisdividedasproposed,andbothplayersreceivetheirrespectiveshares.IfBrejectstheoffer,neitherplayerreceivesanymoney.Whatisyourfinalsplit?2.ThisisanexperimentcalledtheUltimatumGame.UseChatGPTorothertoolstofindoutmoreinformationaboutit,andshareitwitheachother.BeforeYouRead

UCASMenuTheMagicofRealityattheGroceryStoreUCASReading1DiscussionWhichofthefollowingstatementsislikelytodecideone’swillingnesstocooperate?Rankthemfromthemostunlikelyone(1)tothemostlikelyone(5).BeforeYouRead

UCASMenuWillingnesstocooperateOnecangetahigherscorebyworkingwithothers.12345Onecandeveloplastingfriendshipsduringcooperation.12345Onecantakeabackseatandrely,onotherteammembers.12345Onecanenjoygroupactivitiesandcompletetaskseasily.12345Puttingourheadstogethercanproducebetterschemes.12345Cooperatingwiththoseinpowerbringslong-termbenefits.12345Itisalearningprocesswhenpeopleholdconflictingviews.12345Itishumannaturetohelpothers,especiallythevulnerable.12345UCASReading1WhileYouReadUCASMenuQuestionsWhatistheauthor’ssideinthedebateaboutwhetherhumansareborncooperativeorselfish?WhatarethenoteworthyfactsaboutRakoczy,Warneken&Tomasello’s(2008)study?Whatdoes“we”intentionalitymean?Accordingtotheauthor,whydochildrenrespectsocialnorms?TheMagicofRealityattheGroceryStoreUCASReading1Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).____1.People’sideasaredividedonwhetherhumancooperationisaresultofnaturalgiftorsocialization.____2.Recentstudiesshowchildrenarelikelytofollowsocialnormsratherthanenforcethem.____3.Childrenalwaysneedadults’correctionswhentheylearntoplayagame.____4.Incooperativeactivities,peopledeveloptheirindividualrationalityintosocialrationality.____5.Theauthoremphasizestheroleofsocialpressureinhowchildrenlearntobecooperative.AfterYouReadUCASMenuTTFFFTheMagicofRealityattheGroceryStoreUCASReading1LanguageFocusUCASMenuTask1Asynonymisawordorexpressionwhichmeansthesameasanotherwordorexpression.Goodwriterscanvarytheirlanguageandavoidusingthesamewordsorexpressionsoverandoveragain.FindoutthesynonymsfromReading1forthewordslistedbelow.Youcanalsoreferto/

.ideaoropinion(para.1)____________________oppose,disapproveof(para.2)____________________result(para.2)

____________________notable(para.3)

____________________express(para.3)____________________6.insist(para.4)____________________7.aspect(para.4)____________________8.only(para.5)____________________9.show(para.6)____________________10.unselfish(para.7)____________________thesisobjectconsequencenoteworthyconveycontenddimensionsolelydemonstratealtruisticTheMagicofRealityattheGroceryStoreUCASReading1LanguageFocusUCASMenuTask2ChoosethewordsyoufoundinTask1tocompletethefollowingsentences.1.Ifoundnothingparticularly___________toreport.2.Scholarshipsaregiven___________onthebasisoffinancialneed.3.Thecommitteestrongly___________tothereport'srecommendations.4.Thestudy___________thelinkbetweenpovertyandcrime.5.Theirmain___________wasthattheriseinearningswasduetoimprovementsineducation.6.Somescientists___________thattheuniversemaybeyoungerthanpreviouslythought.7.Youcannotexpectalargecorporationtobe___________.8.Allthisinformationcanbe___________inasimplediagram.9.Obviouslydisappointmentisanatural___________ofdefeat.10.Digitalcamerashaveaddedanew___________tophotography.noteworthysolelyobjecteddemonstratesthesiscontendaltruisticconveyedconsequencedimensionVocabularyexerciseUCASReading1conform,contend,demonstrate,deviation,garner,inherent,norm,predisposition,solitary,thesis1.Teachers

__________

thatpolicymakersandparentsaresendingcontradictorymessages.

2.Theissuessurroundingcancerandagingare

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internationalattention.

3.Ourpublishedmaterialshould

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thesestandardspecifications.

4.He

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5.Someare

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creatureswhileothersliveinherdsorpacks.6.Theexistingenvironmentalsolutionsintelecommunicationsfacilitieshave

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limitations.

7.Thisconceptexplainswhysomepeoplehavea

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toalcoholism.

8.Minor

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fromproceduresarenotgivingmuchattention.

9.Understandingandexploitinggender

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offerscommercialbenefits.

10.Empirical

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thatnarrativeidentitychangesoverthecourseofpsychotherapy.

LanguageFocusUCASMenucontendgarneringconformthesissolitaryinherentpredispositiondeviationsnormsdemonstratedUCASReading1AcademicLiteracySkillsUCASMenuWhytogivecredittothesource;toavoidplagiarism.HowCitation=in-textcitation+references

(one-to-onecorrespondence)CommonlyusedguidesforcitationformatsindifferentareasAPA(AmericanPsychologicalAssociation)styleMLA(ModernLanguageAssociation)styleTheOxfordGuidetoStyleTheChicagoManualofStyleCitingUCASReading1AcademicLiteracySkillsUCASMenuIntheAPAcitationstyle,therearetwowaystointegratethesourcetoyourwriting:integralandnon-integralcitationforms.Theformeristhatthenameofthecitedauthorplaysanexplicitgrammaticalrolewithinasentence,e.g.thesubjectofthesentence,whilethelatteristhatthenameofthecitedauthorisplacedoutsidethesentence,i.e.afterthesourceinformation,withinbrackets(Swales,1990).

LookatthefollowingmodelfromCarroll,J.(2002).AHandbookforDeterringPlagiarisminHigherEducation.Oxford,UK:OxfordCenterforStaffandLearningDevelopment.p.11.CitationformsUCASReading1AcademicLiteracySkillsUCASMenuOriginal:Cheatingisseekingtogainunfairadvantageorbreakingaregulation;plagiarismisoneformofcheating.Studentsoftenreversethisrelationship,usingtheword“plagiarism”todescribeallacademicdishonesty,sotimespentclarifyingdefinitionsisusuallytimewellspent.Thecitationformscouldbe:TheIntegralForm:Carroll(2002:11)claimsthatitisnecessarytospendtimeclarifyingthedefinitionofplagiarismbecauseitisoftenwronglyusedbystudents“todescribeallacademicdishonesty”;TheNon-integralForm:Itisnecessarytospendtimeclarifyingthedefinitionofplagiarism,becauseitisoftenwronglyusedbystudents“todescribeallacademicdishonesty”(Carroll,2002:11).CitationformsUCASReading1AcademicLiteracySkillsUCASMenuTask3Readthefollowingsentences.Fillintheblankswithproperelementsprovidedinthebox.A.TomaselloB.Tomasello,2009C.Tomasello(2009)claimsD.PreviousresearchhasshownE.AccordingtoTomasello(2009)InhisbookWhyWeCooperate(2009),________proposedatheorylargelyinagreementwithRousseau’sbeliefintheinnatecooperativenatureofhumanbeings._________thatchildrenrespectsocialnormsnotonlybecausetheyfeeltheneedtoobeytoauthorityorthepromisetogetsomethinginreturn.Peoplehaveacommongoalastheycooperatewithotherstocompleteatask,whichleadtotheformationofmutualdependence(_________).________thatchildrenpossessaconceptionofthemselvesandothersasbeingpartofalargercommunitywithitsrulesandnorms(Tomasello&Rakoczy,2003)._________,socializationplaysavitalroleinthedevelopmentofaltruisticbehaviorsamongyoungchildren.ACBDEUCASReading1AcademicLiteracySkillsUCASMenuReferences1.

Altruism.(n.d.).InWikipedia.RetrievedNovember11,2017,from/wiki/Altruism.2.

Balakrishnan,R.(2006,March25-26).Whyaren’tweusing3Duserinterfaces,andwillweever?PaperpresentedattheIEEESymposiumon3DUserInterfaces.doi:10.1109/YR.2006.148.3.

Batson,C.D.(2011).AltruisminHumans.NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress.4.

Gajjar,S.P.(2012).BuildingCorporateResilience:CaseStudyofSpierHoldings.(Unpublisheddoctoraldissertation).SchoolofPublicLeadership,UniversityofStellenbosch,SouthAfrica.5.

Fuller,S.(2015).Thevalueuniversitiesaddtosociety(November24).RetrievedNovember13,2018,from/the-value-universities-add-to-society-51161.

6.

Kunreuther,H.(2009).Theweakestlink:Managingriskthroughinterdependentstrategies.InP.R.Kleindorfer&Y.Wind(Eds.),Networkchallenge:Strategy,profitandriskinaninterlinkedworld.UpperSaddleRiver,NJ:WhartonSchoolPublishing,383-398.7.

King,M.L.“IHaveaDream.”SpeechpresentedattheMarchonWashingtonforJobsandFreedom,Washington,D.C.,August1968./20th_century/mlk01.asp.8.

Riolo,R.L.,Cohen,M.D.,Axelrod,R.(2001).Evolutionofcooperationwithoutreciprocity.Nature,414(6862):441–43.9.

Sladeetal.(2004).Spankinginearlychildhoodandlaterbehaviorproblems:aprospectivestudyofinfantsandyoungtoddlers.Pediatrics,113(5):1321.10.

WorldHealthOrganization(2013).Researchforuniversalhealthcoverage:worldhealthreport2013.Geneva:WHO.UCASReading1AcademicLiteracySkillsUCASMenuTask4Readtheabovereferencelistanddiscusswhatmightbetheirsources(publishedbooks,peer-reviewedjournalarticles,PhDdissertations,onlinearticles,speeches,conferenceproceedings,Wikipedia,reportsfromaninternationalinstitute).Trytofilltheblanksabout“advantages”and“disadvantages”.TypesofsourcesAdvantagesDisadvantagesPublishedbooksPeer-reviewedjournalarticlesSavealotoftimesearchingsources;Provideaveryeffectivesummary,ifthebooksaregood.Canbesureofquality,asonlythebestarticlesgetpublished.Assecondarysources,maycausedistortionormisunderstanding;Becomeoutofdatequickly.maybedifficultforthosenotintheacademiccommunitytounderstand;usuallybeonesotericorcutting-edgemattersandnotnecessarilystraightforwardissues;maygivelittleattentiontoexplainingthewidercontext,orexplaininginsimpleterms.UCASReading1AcademicLiteracySkillsUCASMenuTypesofsourcesAdvantagesDisadvantagesPhDdissertationsConferenceProceedingsOnlinearticlescanbevaluablesourcesofcontemporaryoriginalwork.mayoftensubjecttoaminorformofpeerreview.usuallyrightuptodate,andoftenreportonworkthatisstillinprogress.Ofvariablequality,sinceconferencesvaryintheirstatus,andpapersareoftensubjecttoonlyaminorformofpeerreviewcanbeavaluablesourceofbackgroundandcontextualinformation.maycarrymisleadinginformationandarenotsubjecttopeerreview.UCASReading1AcademicLiteracySkillsUCASMenuTypesofsourcesAdvantagesDisadvantagesWikipediaReportsfromaninternationalinstituteSpeechesMostwebsitescarryreliableinformation,some,whereyoucandownloadpeerreviewedarticles.Somemaycarrymisleadingorunreliableinformation,whilegivingyouanimpressionofthebreathofthearea.providereliableandauthoritativeinformationwithsolidsupportofreferences.mightbeoutofdated,asittakestimetoformareportfromaninternationalinstitute.canarousethereader'sattentionandinvolvetheminreadingcanbebiased,fullofpersonalagendasandsometimessimplyinaccurate.UCASReading1AcademicLiteracySkillsUCASMenuTask5InReading1,theauthorholdsthathumansareborncooperativeandhelpful.Isthisclaimevidenc