北京市顺义区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语

顺义区2024届高三第一次统练英语试卷考生须知：1.本试卷总分100分，考试时长90分钟。本试卷共12页，共三部分。2.在答题卡上准确填写学校、姓名、班级和教育ID号。3.考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。4.考试结束后，请将答题卡交回，试卷自己保留。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Agoldenfogsettledoverthefields.Thesunpreparedtorestfortheevening.Ilookedforwardtosettingmy___1___asideforanevening.Iwasn’tlongheadedhomewhenIheardavoicebehindme.“Photo,photo,photo.”Ayoungboyabout7or8yearsoldfollowedclosely.Ibreathedatiredsigh.Ihadno___2___topresstheshutterbuttononemoretime,nomatterhowbeautifuloreagerhewas,buthekeptfollowingme.AsIlookedathim,half___3___,anideaforacompositionflashedinmymind.Ikneeledinthefieldandinstructedtheboywheretostandandhowtopose.AsIpreparedtotakethephotograph,hisenergysuddenlyshiftedfrom___4___toshynesstofear.NomatterwhatItoldhimtodo—howtostand,howtolook—Ijustcouldn’tgetthe___5___.Defeated,Igaveup.Ilookedattheboy,wholooked___6___andawkward.Inaneffortto___7___him,Iclappedmyhands,saying,“Thatwasgreat.Youweregreat.”Passers-bygatheredaround,cheeringandclappingloudly.Theboy’sfaceimmediatelybrokeinto(a)___8___.Iintuitively(直觉地)tookafewshotsofthemoment.Thatphotographturnedouttobebetterthanthe___9___I’dimaginedbecauseitcamefromadeeperplacewithinme.Whenwe____10____frustration(懊恼)andfocusonwhat’shereinthemoment,thatiswhenwearemovedtocreatefromtheinsideout.1.A.money B.camera C.boots D.notebook2.A.time B.confidence C.energy D.chance3.A.interested B.disappointed C.relieved D.puzzled4.A.panic B.confusion C.eagerness D.directness5.A.help B.attention C.idea D.shot6A.alone B.unconcerned C.violent D.thoughtful7A.disturb B.cheer C.accept D.satisfy8.A.smile B.tears C.worries D.surprise9.A.style B.color C.content D.composition10.A.turnto B.dealwith C.letgoof D.giveinto第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。KennethShinozukawas10whenhisgrandfather,___11___hasAlzheimer’sdisease,begantowander.Hewantedtoinventsomethingtohelp.Thatturnedouttobeapressuresensorinasock.Thesensorwillsendanalarmtoacaregiver’ssmartphoneassoonasapatient___12___(step)outofbed.TodayKennethcontinuestoimprovehisinvention___13___(help)caregiversgetanalarmfromanydistance.HisbiggestdreamistoonedayfindcuresforallAlzheimer’s.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Merriam-Webster___14___(announce)that“authentic”wasatoptermoftheyear2023.TheriseofAlhelpeddriveinterest___15___theword.Andthelinebetween“real”and“fake”(假的)hasbecome___16___(increasing)unclear.Asaresult,insocialmediaandmarketing,“authentic”hasbecomethegoldstandardforbuildingtrust.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WorldAnimalDayisanannualeventon4thOctober,___17___(aim)toimproveanimalrightsacrosstheglobe.It___18___(celebrate)sinceaGermanwriterandpublisherstarteditin1925.Throughjoininginvarious___19___(organize)events,peoplearebetterawareofhowanimalsshouldbetreated.Andtherearesomany___20___(option)foreveryonetohelpendtheneedlesssufferingofallanimals.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheCAUSELeadershipAcademy(CLA)forstudentsisapaidnine-weekinternship(实习)programthatconnectscollegeundergraduatestocommunitiesthroughlocalpoliticalexperiencesandpreparesthemtoleadandadvocateforthecivicengagement.GeneralInformation:·ProgramDuration:June24th,2024—August23rd,2024·LocationandTimeCommitment:CLAwillbeanin-person,full-timeprogram(5daysperweek,about40hoursperweek).·Payment:Eachinternwillreceive$4,000uponsatisfactorycompletionoftheprogram.ProgramGoals:·Togainnewskillsandknowledge·Todeepenunderstandingofissuesthatimpactthelocalcommunity·Toexplorecivicleadershipcareerpaths·TodevelopprofessionalexperienceandskillstobeeffectiveinpoliticaladvocacyandcampaignsupportProgramComponents:·Internswillworktogethertodevelopaproject.·Internswillbeplacedinapublic,private,ornon-profithostoffice.·InternswilllearnaboutandsupportcivicengagementeffortswiththeirHostOffice.·Internswilldevelopleadershipskillsandexpandunderstandingofcivicengagement.Requirementsfortheapplicants:·HaveaminimumGPA(GradePointAverage)of3.0·Beacurrentstudentwithatleastoneyearofcollegecompletedorarecentcollegegraduate·BeabletoactivelyparticipateinallmajoreventsForfullconsideration,applicantsmustensurebothApplicationandLetterofRecommendationarereceivedbySunday,January28th,2024at11:59pm.21.Theprogramaimstohelpparticipants_______.A.leadpoliticalcampaigns B.makehighacademicachievementsC.choosecivicleadershipcareerpaths D.deepenunderstandingofcivicissues22.CLAwillprovideinterns_______.A.atrainingonline B.aprojecttofinishindividuallyC.aleaderpositioninaHostOffice D.a$4,000paymentforgreatwork23.Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?A.Participatinginallevents. B.HavingaGPAnolessthan3.0.C.ApplyingafterJanuary28th,2024. D.Beingacurrenthighschoolstudent.BIfyouhaveeverseenasnowflakedesignonjewelryorabag,chancesareitwasbasedononeofWilsonBentley’smorethan5,000photomicrographsofsnowcrystals(晶体).Atfirst,though,Bentleydidnothaveanywaytosharehisenjoymentofthedelicatehexagons(六边形)otherthantodrawthem.Hespenthoursoutsideorinsidehisunheatedstoreroomwithamicroscope.Hewouldpickupasnowcrystalandtransferittoamicroscopeslide.There,heflatteneditwithabirdfeather.Then,holdinghisbreath,heobservedthecrystalandhurriedtodrawwhathesawbeforeitturnedforeverintothinair.Afewyearslater,Bentleybeganhispursuittophotographasnowcrystal.Heattachedamicroscopetoacamera.Timeaftertime,hisnegativesappearedblank.Thefollowingwinter,hefinallyfiguredoutthattoomuchlightwasreachingthecamera.Hissolutionwastoplaceametalplatewithatinyholeinthecenterbeneaththestageofthemicroscope.Itcutdownthestray(杂散)lightandallowedonlythelightwavescarryingtheimagetoreachthecamera.OnJanuary15,1885,attheageof19,Bentleyfinallyphotographedasnowflake!Hespentmanyhoursoverthenext45yearsinhistinydarkroomdevelopingnegatives.Bentleylivedhisentirelifeonhischildhoodfarm.Hefarmedforaliving.Tohisfriendsandfamily,hewaskind,gentle,andfunny“Willie”.Buttoscientists,hewastheuntrainedresearcherwhobecameasnowcrystalpioneer.Hewroteforsciencejournals.Henotonlyphotographedsnowcrystalsbutalsobecameanauthorityondew(露水)andfrost.Hekeptadetaileddailylogoflocalweatherconditionsthroughouthislife.Hedevelopedamethodtomeasurethesizeofraindropstoo.Bentleynevermademorethanafewthousanddollarsfromhiswork.Ithadbeenalaboroflove,andhewassatisfiedtobeabletosharethebeautyofhissnowcrystalswiththeworld.Andtoday,heisrememberedasSnowflakeBentley.24.WhydidBentleydrawthesnowcrystals?A.Todesignproducts. B.Tobecomeanartist.C.Tosharehispleasure. D.Toresearchtheweather.25.Tophotographasnowcrystal,Bentley_______.A.improvedthemicroscope B.changedthenegativesC.turneddownthelight D.inventedacamera26.WhatdoweknowaboutBentley?A.Helivedasuccessfulbutboringlife. B.Hewaslaughedatforlackoftraining.C.Heearnedalotofmoneyfromhisphotos. D.Hewasnotonlyanartistbutalsoascientist.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.Intelligenceisthekeytosuccess.C.Loveanddevotionmakesaperson. D.Chancesareforthosewhoareprepared.CIloveagrouptext—agrext,ifyou’llpermitme—butlately,thehugenumberofthemcompetingformyattentionhasfeltoutofcontrol.BythetimeIwakeup,thenotificationshavealreadystartedrollingin;asI’mgoingtobed,they’restillcoming.Inbetween,Itrytokeepup,butallittakesisone30-minutemeetingbeforeI’vesomehowgotten100newmessages.Iscrollupandup,tryingtofindwhereIleftoff,likeI’velostmyplaceinabookthatkeepsgettinglonger.Forbetterorforworse,wemightbeintheAgeoftheGroupChat.Onestudyfoundthatlessthan2percentofparticipantshadonlyone-on-onechatsonsocialmedia.42percentsaidthatgroupchatscanfeellikeapart-timejob.Otherstudieshavefoundthatgroupchatscancontributetogroupbondandsharedfun.Agrouptextcanbelikeareminderthatyou’repartofsomething.Someresearcherscallthis“ambientvirtualpresence”:Evenwhenyou’realone,you’renotalone.Thisislikebatsanddolphinsproducingacontinuoussoundandusetheresultingecho(回声)tosensewhat’saroundthem.Buttakingintoomanysignalscancreatea“waterfalltypeofeffect,”wheremessageskeepfloodinginandaddingup.Eventually,you’reunderwater.Addingtothedisorder,withoutastandardrule,peoplehaveverydifferentideasaboutgroupnormandwhatdegreeofresponsivenessisrequired—whichcancauserealtension.Fearofthattensioncanmakewordlessorevenleavingachatfeeldispiriting.Andanyway,youmightnotwanttomissout.Thedesireisn’ttoexittheroomsomuchastobreakawindow.Ifgroupmessagingislikeecholocation,thendisconnectingmeanslost.Ultimately,mostofusdowantconnection,evenifitinvolvessomeduties;we’lltakequantitiesofmessageswhenwe’rebusyifitmeanswecanreachoutwhenwe’rehurting.Ageneraladviceistogiveupgrextsthatarecarryingonbutthatdon’treallyinterestyou.Butwhenyoucan’t,you’lljusthavetoacceptthatbelongingtakessomeeffort.That’sthenatureofrelationships,right?28.TheauthoruseshisexperienceinParagraph1to_______.A.introducethetopic B.predicttheendingC.highlightanopinion D.illustrateanargument29.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.Lonelypeopleprefergroupchats. B.Batsanddolphinshavegroupchats.C.Groupchatsofferasenseofbelonging. D.Groupchatscreateafewpart-timejobs.30.Whatdoesthewriterintendtotellus?A.Groupchatneedsastandardrule.B.Groupchatgivesusmorefearthanjoy.C.Groupchathelpspromotestrongconnection.D.Groupchatisjustawaytomaintainrelationships.DBorders,departments,orissueareasallrepresentwhatsystemsanalystscallsystemboundaries.Systemboundariesdivide.thebig,messy,interconnectedworldintosmallersubsystems.Thisisuseful,evennecessary.Ourmindsandourcollectivegovernancesystemswouldbestuckifwehadtoalwaysconsideralltheconnectionsofeverythingtoeverythingelse.Butdividingsystemsintosubsystemscansometimesbreakanaturalcooperativity.Forinstance,adecarbonizingcountrywillspendmoneyinitsenergyandtransportationsectorsandsavemoneyinitshealthsystem.Decarbonizationcouldbeawinforthewhole,butitmightbeexperiencedasabotherforparticularsubsystems.DonellaMeadows,theearlysystemsmodeler,wrotethatsystemboundariesare“linesinthemind,notintheworld.”Andthatisactuallygoodnews.Ifdepartments,anddisciplinesarejustideas,thenthereisnothingimmovableaboutthem.Wecanmaketheseborderslessobviousandconductpartnershipsacrossthem.Wecanevenredrawthemtoincludemoreofwhatmattersinasingleprojectorinvestment.That’sthepremiseofmultisolving—usingoneinvestmentoftimeorefforttoachieveseveralgoalsatonce.Forinstance,WarmUpNewZealand(WUNZ)upgradedtheenergyefficiencyofresidentialbuildingsandprovidedjobsinthebuildingsectorafterafinancialdownturn.Theprojectresultedinbetterhealthforresidents,aswell.Thattranslatedintohealthsystemssavings.Takentogether,a2011studyestimatedthatacrossallthesebenefits,theprojectsaved$3.90forevery$1invested.Multisolvingseemspossibleeverywhereandlikeanobviouschoice.Yet,itisverymuchtheexception,nottherule.Whyismultisolvingstillsorarewhenithasthenowertoboostprogressonsomeofthemosturgentissuesweface?Unfamiliaritystandsintheway,asdoesanoft-unexaminedassumptionthatmakingissuessmallermakesthemeasiertoaddress.Weoftenheartheviewpoint,“Ialreadyworkonpoverty(orclimate,etc.)andthat’shardenough.WhyshouldIaddbiodiversityorpollutiontothemix?”Fundraisingforcrossingborderscanbeastruggletoo.Funderswantthe“visibleresults”shown,buttheydon’talwaysseecrossingbordersasanessentialpartofachievingthoseresults.Itiseasytodevalueandunderemphasizeconnection-building.Afterall,itcanbedelicateandnotalwaysvisible.Buttorealizegoalsintoday’sworld,fromequitablepoliciesandlow-carbonfacilitiestovalueslikecooperationandfairness,wedoneeddeepshifts,andweneedthemsoon.Andfacilitatingtheflowofideasbackandforthacrossbordersisonewaytospeedchange.31.Asforsystemsboundaries,theauthoris______.A.critical B.puzzled C.supportive D.unconcerned32.Whatdoestheword“premise”underlinedinParagraph2probablymean?A.Prediction. B.Precondition. C.Prevention. D.Presentation.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peoplearefamiliarwithmultisolving.B.WUNZperformedmultisolvingsuccessfully.C.Raisingmoneyhelpstoproducevisibleresults.D.Multisolvingiswidelyusedtoaddressproblems.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Multisolving:HardtoachievesoonBMultisolving:EssentialtosolvesmallissuesC.Multisolving:ConductingpartnershipacrossbordersD.Multisolving:Makingsystemswhole,healthy,andsustainable第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Flowisacognitive(认知的)statewhereoneiscompletelyimmersed(沉浸)inanactivity—frompaintingandwritingtoyogaandsurfboarding.___35___TheprocessofflowwasdiscoveredandcoinedbytheHungarian-AmericanpsychologistMihalyCsikszentmihalyi.Inthe1960s,Csikszentmihalyistudiedthecreativeprocessandfoundthat,whenanartistwasinthecourseofflow,theywouldinsistontheirtaskstrictly,regardlessofhungerorexhaustion.___36___OneofCsikszentmihalyi’skeypointsaboutflowisthatapersonneedstopushoneselfoutoftheircomfortzonetostimulateit.Becauseit’sadynamicstate,onehastoconstantlyadjusttheskilllevel,challenge,andcomplexityrequiredfortheactivity.___37___Ifyourskilllevelgoesbeyondtheactivity,boredomwillsetin,whichwillbreakthestateofflow.___38___Onecanaccessflowbythinkingofactivitieslikesports,dancingandpainting.Wecanalsohaveaflowstateexperiencewithmanyofourday-to-daytasksandencounters.WatchingTVandvideogaming,however,arenotonthatlist.Flowcanalsobeatoolforbetteremotionregulation(调节).Whenapersonisinastateofflow,thereislittleneedfordoubtsoranxietiesaboutoneselfortheworldingeneral.___39___Throughtheprocessofflow,apersonchoosestofocusonataskandgainasenseofautonomyovertime,body,andmind.However,pushingyourselftofindtheflowstatecanbackfire.Infact,tryingtoohardorwonderingwhetheryouareinthisstateinitselfgoesagainstflow.Welosethebalancebetweentensionandskilllevelifweconcentratetoomuchonthetask.A.Eventheuncertaintiesoflifefallaway.B.Peoplemaynotrealizeitbutanyonecanfindflow.C.Askyourselfifacertaintaskwillfulfillagoalofyours.D.Flowcansometimesbeviewedasaforerunnerforpeakperformance.E.Healsofoundthattheartistwouldhighlighttheprocessandnottheendresult.F.Asyoupracticeaskill,yourlevelofmasterywillchangeaswillthefeelingofflow.G.Itinvolvesintensefocus,creativeengagementandthelossofawarenessoftimeandself.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。There’sadifferencebetweenbeingniceandbeingkind.Beingniceinvolvesbeingpoliteandpleasingtoothers.Ifyou’repeoplepleasing,you’replacinganexpectationonthepersonyou’rebeingnicetothattheyrespondtoyouinacertainway.Beingkindislessself-serving.Ontheonehand,kindnessinvolvesbeinggenerouswithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.Theotherhalfisthepurposebehindtheaction.Akindpersonisactingoutofsympathyandgenuineconcernforanother.Thedifferenceisintentionality,saidDr.CatherineFranssen,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyatLongwoodUniversityinVirginia,notingthatakindpersontriestoreallyunderstandwhatsomeoneelseisgoingthrough.Practicingkindnessratherthannicenessallowspeopletodevelopdeepergenuineconnectionswithothers,saidFranssen.Themoreyoudoit,theeasieritwillgettorelatetoothersandbuildmoremeaningfulrelationshipsinallaspectsoflife.Thewarmfeelingyougetfromperf