主谓一致（教师版）2022届高考英语语法

PAGE12022届英语语法精讲精练微专题（主谓一致）教师版考点清单一、就远一致要点精讲：主语后面跟有下列介词或介词短语with，alongwith，togetherwith,aswellas,ratherthan,including,like,but,except，谓语动词在人称与数上应与前边的主语一致。例1：NoonebutJohnandhisteachersknowsthetruthoftheexperiment.例2：Tomaswellastwoofhisfriendswasinvitedtomyforty-ninthbirthdaypartylastFriday.例3：Alice,togetherwithherfriends,waspraisedforhavingwonhonorfortheirschool.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.(2019江苏改编)Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers______________(give)tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.2.(2019天津改编)Amy,aswellasherbrothers,_____________(give)awelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.3.(2017天津改编)Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,_____________(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.【答案与解析】1.hasgiven。inthelastthreemonths常与现在完成时连用；alongwithhisbandmembers是介词短语，真正主语是Themusician。故答案是hasgiven。2.wasgiven。lastweek常与一般过去时连用；aswellasherbrothers表示“也，而且”，谓语与真正的主语Tom保持一致，单数意义，又是被动语态。故答案是wasgiven。3.isregarded。Nowadays常与一般现在时连用；alongwithjoggingandswimming是介词短语，真正主语是cycling，单数意义，又是被动含义。故答案是isregarded。考点清单二、就近一致要点精讲1：并列连词either…or…,neither…nor…,not…but,notonly…butalso…等连接并列主语时，谓语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。例4：Iseitherheoryounottellingthetruth?例5：Notonlyyoubutalsosheistoblameforthetrafficaccident.例6：Neithertheleadernorthefarmersareresponsiblefortheheavylosses.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。4.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents_______(be)toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.5.NotonlyIbutalsoDavidandIris_______(be)fondofplayingbasketball.6._____(be)eitherheoryoutohosttheTalentShowinourschoolthisyear?【答案与解析】4.is。either…or…表示“或者……或者……”，这里距离谓语最近的主语是oneofyourstudents，单数意义。betodo表示按计划将要发生，故答案是is。5.are。notonly…butalso…表示“不但……而且……”，这里距离谓语最近的主语是DavidandIris，复数意义。故答案是are。6.Is。neither…not…表示“既不……也不……”，本句是一般疑问句，因此谓语的一部分移到句首，距离谓语最近主语是he，单数意义。故答案是Is。要点精讲2：Therebe句型及Thefollowing句型语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。例7：Thereisapencilandtwodictionariesonthedesk.例8：Therearetwodictionariesandapencilonthedesk.例9：Thefollowingistheinformationaboutplayswhichwillbeonthesedays.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。7.Thefollowing_______(be)someotherexamplesforyoutoreferto. 8.There_______(be)millionsofwebsitesontheInternetandthere_______(be)alotofusefulinformationonthewebsites.9.Betweenthetworowsoftrees__________(stand)thenewlybuiltteachingbuilding.【答案与解析】7.are。Thefollowing….属于倒装句，be动词应与后边的主语单复数保持一致。本句主语是someotherexamples，故答案是are。8.are;is。Therebe…句型属于倒装句，be动词应与后边的主语单复数保持一致。两句主语分别是millionsofwebsites和alotofusefulinformation，故答案是are;is。9.stands。本句是介词短语位于句首构成倒装句，真正的主语是thenewlybuiltteachingbuilding，单数意义。故答案是stands。考点清单三、意义一致要点精讲1：family,class,committee,team,group,crew,audience等集体名词强调整体谓语用单数，强调成员谓语用复数。例10：Thefootballteamismadeupof23members.例11：Thefootballteamaretakingtheirtrainingcourseontheplayground.例12：Allthecrew

are

onboard

excepttheelectrician.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。10.Herfamily_________(be)largerthanmineandherfamily__________(watch)TVnow.11.Afterhearinghisinspiringspeech,theaudience_____________(move)byhisstoryandhiswords.12.Thecommittee_________(make)upof20members,who_________(be)allexpertsinmedicine.【答案与解析】10.is；arewatching。该句意为：他们家庭比我们家大，现在她的家人们正在看电视。第一空family指整体，单数；第二空指家庭成员，应用复数。故答案是is；arewatching。11.weremoved。根据语境逻辑应用一般过去时的被动语态；这里强调观众们，强调成员，应用复数形式。故答案是weremoved。12.ismade;are。bemadeupof表示“由……组成”；thecommittee这里强调整体，单数意义。第二空是定语从句，先行词是20members，复数意义，故答案是ismade;are。要点精讲2：某些集体名词如people,police,cattle,oxen谓语动词必须用复数。例13：Thepolicearesearchingtheforestfortheeightescapedprisoners.例14：Thecattle

are

rounded

up

intheeveningseveryday.例15：TheChinesepeople

arecharacterized

bymodesty.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。13.Thepolice_____________(search)forthemurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.【答案与解析】13.weresearching。was/weredoing…when…是固定句型，表示“正在做某事这时发生另一件意外的事”；police表示警察总称，复数意义。故答案是weresearching。要点精讲3：单复数同形的名词(sheep,deer,works,means,species,Chinese,Japanese)等作主语时，谓语动词应根据其意义或限定词决定单、复数。例16：This

species

has

nearly

diedout

because

itshabitat

isbeing

destroyed.

例17：Suchachemicalworksistobeclosedbythelocalgovernmentnextyear.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。14.Everypossiblemeans____________(try)topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.15.Allpossiblemeans____________(try)topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.【答案与解析】14.hasbeentried。means用作名词，表示“方式；方法”，单复数同形。本句中means前边有限定词every,单数意义，故答案是hasbeentried。15.havebeentried。means用作名词，表示“方式；方法”，单复数同形。本句中means前边有限定词all,复数意义，故答案是havebeentried。要点精讲4：the+形容词（或分词）主语表示一类人时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有therich,thepoor,thebrave,theinjured,theliving,thewounded等。例18：Thelivingaretryingtheirbesttorescuethosetrappedintheruins.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。16.Theelderly_____________(take)

goodcareofinourcountryatpresent.【答案与解析】16.aretaken。结合语境应用被动语态；atpresent暗示用一般现在时；Theelderly相当于Theelderlypeople，复数意义，故答案是aretaken。要点精讲5：名词短语作主语表示时间、距离、金钱、机构、书籍等概念时，谓语动词常用单数。例19：Eighthoursofsleepisenoughforachild.例20：TheUnitedNationswasfoundedonOctober24,1945.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。17.(2017·江苏改编)ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,which___________(be)bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens,statusasaleadingnovelist.18.Threeyears___________(pass)sincetheymetlasttime,andforthem,threeyears_____(be)reallyalongtime.【答案与解析】17.was。GreatExpectations是英国小说家狄更斯的名著《远大前程》，表示书籍、单位等概念应视为单数；结合语境应用一般过去时，故答案是was。18.haspassed;is。前半句since应与现在完成时连用；时间、距离、金钱类名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数；第二空仍是单数意义，故答案是haspassed;is。考点清单四：语法一致要点精讲1：不定式、动名词和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。例21：Whyhewasabsentfromthemeetingyesterdayisbeingquestioned.例22：Planningsofaraheadmakesnosensesomanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。Whatweusedtothink_______(be)impossiblenowdoesseempossible.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts___________(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagers.21.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory______________(not,decide)yet.22.Whatweneed_______(be)enoughwater,butwhattheyneed_______(be)houses.【答案与解析】19.was。usedtodo表示“过去常常会”，因此谓语应用一般过去时；同时从句作主语位于应用单数，故答案是was。20.hascaused。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数，结合语境应用现在完成时，故答案是hascaused。21.isn’tdecided/hasn’tbeendecided。动词不定式短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数；结合语境应用被动语态，故答案是isn’tdecided/hasn’tbeendecided。22.is;are。What引导主语从句且其解释作用，谓语动词应与be动词后面名词单复数保持一致，故答案是is;are。要点精讲2：分数,百分数,some,all,most,therest等修饰名词时,谓语动词与修饰的名词单复数保持一致。例23：Mostofhisincomehasbeenspentonbooks.例24：Whatisthepopulationofyourcountry?例25：Seventypercentofthepopulationinthatcountryarestillinpoverty.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-third__________(use)regularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.One-thirdofthecountry__________(cover)withtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens_______(be)blackpeople.25.40%ofthepopulationinthatcountry________(be)young,andtwothirdsofthem_________(not)knowhowtoreadandwrite.【答案与解析】23.wereused。分数作主语，谓语动词应与后面中心名词单复数保持一致；这里onethird后面省略了of20notebookcomputers，复数意义；结合语境应用一般过去时，故答案是wereused。24.iscovered;are。分数作主语，谓语动词应与后面中心名词单复数保持一致，本句分数后面中心名词是thecountry，单数意义；becoveredwith是固定词组；themajorityof…短语作主语，也与中心名词一致；这里是thecitizens，应用复数。故答案是iscovered;are。25.are;don’t。population作主语，谓语常用单数；若population被百分数、分数修饰谓语动词应用复数，故答案是are;don’t。要点精讲3：and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如果并列主语指同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each,

every,

或no修饰时，其谓语要用单数形式。例26：Acartandhorsewasseeninthedirectionofthetown.例27：Manyaboyandmanyagirlhasmadethesamemistakeinthemathexam.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。26.Apoetandartist_______(be)comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteraturethisafternoon.27.Butterandbread________(be)theirdailyfood,butthebreadandthebutter__________(eat)upsofar.28.Earlytobedandearlytorise__________(make)amanhealthy,happyandwise.29.In

our

country

every

boy

and

every

girl

________(have)the

right

to

receiveeducation.

【答案与解析】26.is。Apoetandartist表示“一位作家兼诗人”作主语，指一个人，谓语用单数，故答案是is。27.is;havebeeneaten。Butterandbread表示“黄油面包”，视为一个整体；第二空则指两件物品，应用复数，sofar常与现在完成时连用，故答案是is;havebeeneaten。28.makes。该句意为：早睡早起让人健康、快乐、明智。早睡早起都做到才算一个习惯，视为整体，故答案是makes。29.has。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果有each,

every时，其谓语要用单数形式，故答案是has。要点精讲4：alargequantity/amountof…作主语，谓语动词用单数；largequantities/amountsof…作主语，谓语动词用复数。例28：Alargeamountofmoneyisspentonadvertisementseveryyear.例29：Largeamountsofspecialfuelareneededtolauncharocketintospace.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。30.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofearth________(wash)awayeachyear.31.--Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?Becauselargequantitiesofwater__________(pollute).【答案与解析】30.arebeingwashed。large/hugequantitiesof…作主语，表示“很多……”，不管后接复数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词与quantities一致用复数，结合语境该动作还在进行又是被动语态，故答案是arebeingwashed。31.havebeenpolluted。large/hugequantitiesof…作主语，表示“很多……”，不管后接复数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词与quantities一致用复数，结合语境该动作对现在造成了影响。同时又是被动语态，故答案是havebeenpolluted。要点精讲5：thenumberof…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；anumberof表示“若干，许多”，谓语用复数。例30：ThenumberofthestudentsinClass7is65.Andanumberofthemarekeenonreading.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonourroads__________(keep)risingthesedays.33.Thenumberofpeopleinvited______(be)fifty,butanumberofthem_______(be)absentfordifferentreasons.【答案与解析】32.keeps。thenumberof…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数，结合语境应用一般现在时，故答案是keeps。33.was;were。thenumberof…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；anumberof表示“若干，许多”，谓语用复数。结合语境应用一般过去时。故答案是was;were。要点精讲6：oneof…后接定语从句，从句谓语用复数；theonlyoneof后接定语从句，从句谓语用单数。例31：Johnsonisoneofthefarmerswholiveinthevalley.例32：Johnsonistheonlyoneofthefarmerswholivesinthevalley.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho________(wear)eveningdress.【答案与解析】34.wears。theonlyoneof后接定语从句，从句谓语用单数；结合语境应用一般现在时。故答案是wears。要点精讲7：all,both,each,every,either,neither,none等代词作主语，视意思而定。例33：EachstudentinClass29hasatleastthreedictionaries.例34：Thestudentseachhaveatleastthreedictionaries.例35：Allofthemoneywasgiventothepoorvillagerslastmonth.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。35.-–Didyougototheshowlastnight?-–Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea___________(invite).36.Allthescientificevidence_____(show)thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming_______(be)damagingourhealth.37.Thesummerholidayiscomingandweeach______(be)readyforthepicnicinthepastweeks.38."All_______(be)presentandall_______(be)goingonwell,"ourheadteachersaid.39.Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse_______________(build)atpresentinthedisasterarea.【答案与解析】35.wasinvited。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each,

every

或no修饰时，其谓语要用单数形式。结合语境应用一般过去时的被动语态。故答案是wasinvited。36.shows;is。evidence表示“证据”，是不可数名词，谓语用单数；后半句主语是increasinguse,仍是单数。故答案是shows;is。37.are。本句each是同位语，真正主语是we,谓语用复数形式。故答案是are。38.are;is。不定代词all作主语，指人时谓语用复数；指物时谓语用单数。故答案是are;is。39.isbeingbuilt。manyanewhouse表示“许多房屋”，但是遵循“语法一致”，谓语用单数；结合语境应用现在进行时的被动语态。故答案是isbeingbuilt。要点精讲8：在Itis…that…强调句型中也应考虑主谓一致。例36：ItwasJimthatwaspraisedbytheheadmasterthismorning.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。40.ItisI,who_______(be)yourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.【答案与解析】40.am。在Itis…that…强调句型中被强调部分是主语时，who/that后面谓语应与该主语保持一致。故答案是am。好题再练（一）高考真题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Currently,about35,000works____________(display)inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.2.Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you'llfindprobablyasolutionthat_______(suit)everyone.3.(2020天津改编)Thenumberofmedicalschoolsreached18intheearly1990sand__________(remain)aroundthatlevelsince.4.(2020全国II)Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers__________(carry)specialsignificance.5.(2019全国Ⅰ)Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six

_____

(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.

6.(2019全国II)IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI

_______

(make)overtheyears.7.(2019全国III)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we

__________

(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars.

8.(2018全国II)Since2011,thecountry__________(grow)morecornthanrice.9.(2017全国Ⅰ)Whenfatandsalt__________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.10.(2016全国II)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow

__________(be) often acceptable.【答案与解析】1.arebeingdisplayed。时间状语Currently是关键。“当前，现在，目前”；结合语境应用被动语态。2.suits。定语从句先行词是asolution，遵循语法一致。3.hasremained。since常与现在完成时连用；remain是不及物动词，无被动语态。4.carries。动名词短语decoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers作主语，谓语用单数。5.are。结合语境应用一般现在时，构成并列句。6.havemade。时间状语overtheyears是关键，常与现在完成时连用。7.wereinvited。结合语境应用一般过去时，又是被动语态。8.hasgrown。since常与现在完成时连用。9.areremoved。结合后面主句判断这里应用一般现在时的被动语态；同时主语是两个不同概念，复数意义。10.is。动名词短语Leaving the less important things until tomorrow

作主语，谓语用单数。好题再练（二）模拟试题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。11.Here_______(be)apen,afewpencilsandsomepaperforyou.12.Nowmorethanonemember_______(be)againsttheplan.13.Thiskindofcartoons_______(sell)wellinthebookstorewhilecartoonsofthatkind___________badly(sell).14.Anironandsteelworks,withsomesatellitefactories,_______(be)tobebuilthere.E-mail,aswellastelephones,________(be)playinganimportantpartindailycommunication.16.Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren_______(go)skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.17.Eachofthestudentsworkinghardattheirlessons

__________(read)thebook.SohaveI.

18.Thenumberofthestudentswho________(possess)cellphones________(be)increasingrapidly,whichaffectsthenormalteachingbadly.19.Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers______(be)essentialtotheirdevelopment.20.Sofaraseriesofproblems_____________(bring)aboutbythisdecision.【答案与解析】11.is。Herebe/Therebe…后面有多个主语时，遵循“就近一致”原则。12.is。morethanone后接单数名词，遵循“就近一致”原则，用单数。13.sells;sell。sellwell是特殊结构，主动形式表示被动意义；第一空主语是Thiskindofcartoons，单数意义；第二空主语是cartoons，复数意义。14.is。Anironandsteelworks表示“一家钢铁工厂”，谓语用单数；withsomesatellitefactories是介词短语。15.is。aswellas连接并列主语，谓语遵循“就远一致”原则，单数意义。16.goes。everySundayafternooninwinter表示经常发生的动作，谓语应用一般现在时。17.hasread。SohaveI是倒装句，暗示前边也用现在完成时；workinghardattheirlessons作定语，真正主语是each。18.possess;is。第一空定语从句先行词是thestudents,谓语动词用复数；第二空主语是number，单数意义。19.is。真正主语是students’innermotivation，单数意义。20.hasbeenbrought。Sofar表示“到现在为止”，常与现在完成时连用；结合语境应用被动语态。好题再练（三）单句改错下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。21.Thecattleiseatinggrassonthehillnow.22.Kate,oneofmyclosefriends,comefromGuangzhou.23.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishforaholiday.24.Thewriterandtranslatoraredeliveringaspeechinourschoolnow.25.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneedsrepairing.26.Largequantitiesoffoodhasbeensenttotheflood-strickenvictimsinthepastfewdays.27.Theteacher,aswellas6girlsand8boys,werevisitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.28.NooneinthedepartmentbutTomandIknowthatthedirectorwillresign.29.Thecountrylifetheelderlycouplewasusedtohavechangedgreatlysince1992.30.Whatthescienceteacherdoesandsaysareofgreatimportancetocollegestudents.【答案与解析】21.is改为are。cattle是牛的总称，复数意义。22.come改为comes。oneofmyclosefriends作主语同位语，故谓语动词应用单数。23.wish改为wishes。Notonly…butalso…连接并列主语，谓语应遵循“就近一致”。24.are改为is。Thewriterandtranslator表示“那位作家兼翻译家”是同一个人，单数意义。25.needs改为need。分数短语作主语，谓语应与中心名词单复数一致。26.has改为have。Largequantitiesof后面谓语动词应用复数形式。27.were改为was。aswellas6girlsand8boys应遵循“就远一致”，谓语用单数。28.know改为knows。主语后面是but,excep