《BFT考试培训材料》课件

GoodMorning

LadiesandGentlemenNicetomeetyou!1可整理ppt王晓明中国社会科学院研究生院国际文化中心

主任北京市国际语言工程建设委员会顾问剑桥大学BETS考试北京地区考官组长(RTL)国家外专局BFT考试高级考官及资深培训师2可整理pptGeneralskillsKnowinghowtochangegearKnowinghowtostartthecarKnowinghowtopark3可整理pptTest-takingskillsDoingthetheorytestReversingroundacornerDoingathree-pointturn4可整理pptBefamiliarwiththetests5可整理pptListeningTestSpeakingTestReadingTest

BFTPapersWritingTest6可整理ppt测试形式测试要点题量分值1多项配对。一共8或9个句子，要求从所给单句中选择正确答案填入短文。考查逻辑思维能力,文章篇章结构8162多项配对。5个题概括大意；5个题完成句子，各为7个选项考查运用快速阅读技能获取段落主题和主要细节的能力5+5203多项选择。短文后7个问题，每个问题有4个选项，选择正确答案。考查运用各种阅读技巧理解短文大意、了解细节及判断作者写作意图和观点的能力

7144选择填空。短文中有20处空白，每个空给出4个选项，要求从中选出一个正确答案。考查正确理解文章的能力,语法,词汇和逻辑.20207可整理pptReadingStrategiesandSkills1.Prediction2.

Skimming3.

Scanning5.GuessingNewWords

6.ReadingforMainIdea7.

Inference8.UnderstandingtextOrganization4.

DetailedReading9,10Writer’sPurposeandattitude8可整理pptReadingStrategiesandSkills1.

Prediction2.

Skimming3.

Scanning4.

Detailedreading(MeaningGroups,EyeSpan)5.

Guessingunknownwords6.Understandingthemainidea(Topicsentence)7.

Inferring(imply&infer)8.

Understandingtextorganization9.

Assessingawriter’spurpose10.

Evaluatingawriter’sattitude9可整理ppt1.PredictionUsesomeknowledgeofthesubjecttohelpyouanticipatewhatareadingtextcontains.E.g.Title,picture,diagrametc.“CaughtintheWeb”“InCase

YouLoseYourLuggage”“Sixmonths

inAnotherWorld”“CulturalVariationonStyleofThinking”10可整理ppt2.SkimmingReadquicklythroughatexttogetanoverallideaofitscontents.Featuresofthetextthatcanhelpyouincludethefollowing:1)Title2)Sub-title(s)3)Detailsabouttheauthor4)Abstract5)Introductoryparagraph6)First,secondandlastsentencesoffollowingparagraphs7)Concludingparagraph11可整理pptHintsforSkimming

1. Moveyoureyesacrossthelinesrapidly.2. Donotstop.Alwayslookforward;donotlookback.3. Focusasmuchaspossibleonkeywords.4. Rememberthatthefirstsentenceusuallypreparesthereaderfortheparagraph.

5.Thelastsentenceofthepartwillimplythecontentofthefollowingparagraphs.12可整理pptPeoplespeakdifferentlyindifferentsituations.Socio-linguistsanalyzetheeffectsofsituationonlanguage.Threeofthemajorpointsthatsocio-linguistsconsideraretheplace,thepeople,andthepurposeoftheconversation.First,socio-linguistslookattheplace.Peoplemayspeakdifferentlyiftheyareathome,atschool,inchurch,orinagovernmentoffice.Second,theyconsidertherelationshipofthepeoplewhoarespeaking.Awomanmaytalkinadifferentwaytoherson,hersecretary,orhermother.Third,socio-linguistsanalyzethepurposeoftheconversation.Peoplemayuselanguagedifferentlyiftheyareexplainingaproblem,complainingaboutaproblem,ortryingtopersuadesomeonetodosomethingaboutaproblem.PracticeExercises—Paragraph113可整理ppt1. ThemainideaofParagraph1isthat______________.a.peoplespeakdifferentlywhentheyhaveaproblemb.peoplemayhaveabetterrelationshipiftheytalktoeachotherc.thesituationaffectshowpeoplespeak

2.Theparagraphmentions_____pointsthatsocio-linguistsconsider. a.1 b.3 c.5Keys:cbParagraph114可整理pptPeoplespeakdifferentlyindifferentsituations.Socio-linguistsanalyzetheeffectsofsituationonlanguage.Threeofthemajorpointsthatsocio-linguistsconsideraretheplace,thepeople,andthepurposeoftheconversation.First,socio-linguistslookattheplace.Peoplemayspeakdifferentlyiftheyareathome,atschool,inchurch,orinagovernmentoffice.Second,theyconsidertherelationshipofthepeoplewhoarespeaking.Awomanmaytalkinadifferentwaytoherson,hersecretary,orhermother.Third,socio-linguistsanalyzethepurposeoftheconversation.Peoplemayuselanguagedifferentlyiftheyareexplainingaproblem,complainingaboutaproblem,ortryingtopersuade

someonetodosomethingaboutaproblem.Paragraph115可整理pptHandout--skimmingPractice—大纲Part216可整理ppt3.ScanningLookingforspecificwords,phrasesanditemsofinformationasquicklyaspossible,whichinvolvesrapidreadingforthespecificratherthanthegeneral;forparticulardetailsratherthantheoverallidea.Suchas:1)percentagefigure2)yearforparticularhistoricaleventsetc.17可整理ppt

Hintsforscanning

1.Notethearrangementofinformation.

a.Alphabeticalorder?--phonenumber

b.Non-alphabeticalorder?

c.Prose韵文material?(newspapers,texts,

magazine

2.Keepkeywordsinmind

3.Gofast!

18可整理pptExample:

Whatkindofpeoplepreferblue?_____.

Thecoolcolorsaregreen,blue,andviolet.Thesecolors,unlikewarmcolors,arerelaxing.Wheretherearecoolcolors,peopleareusuallyquiet.Peoplewholiketospendtimealoneoften

preferblue.

19可整理pptWhatkindofdayisared-letterday?_________.

ManyexpressionsinEnglishusecolors.Theseexpressionsshowhowpeoplefeelaboutthecolors.Forexample,peopleassociateredwithastrongfeelinglikeanger.Whensomeoneisveryangry,peoplesaythatheorsheseesred.Redisanactivecolor.Ared-letterdayisaluckyday.Whencriminalsarecaughtinthemiddleofacrime,peoplesaythattheywerecaughtred-handed.Greenisthecolorofgrassandleaves.Whensomeonegrowsplantswell,peoplesayhehasagreenthumb.Blueisasad,thoughtfulcolor.Whensomeoneisverysad,shesayssheisblue.Thebluesisakindofjazzthatisusuallyverysadandslow.

20可整理pptPracticeWhichcolorbendsthemost?_________(Information:nameofacolor)Scientistscanexplainhowsunlight,alsocalledwhitelight,formsaspectrumwhenitpassesthroughaprism.Whenarayoflightentersaprismatanangle,itsspeedchanges.Whenitsspeedchanges,therayoflightbends.Differentwave-lengthsofcolorhavedifferentspeeds,soeachbendsatadifferentangle.Violetbendsthemost.Redbendstheleast.Bybendingatdifferentangles,wavelengthsofcolortakedifferentpathsthroughtheprism.Thenthecolorsarevisible.violet21可整理ppt4.DetailedReadingThesecondandthirdreadingofatext.Itcanbedescribedasmorecomprehensivereading.Itinvolvesaslowerandmorecarefulreadingprocess.22可整理ppt5.UnknownWordsItisunlikelythatyouwillunderstand100%ofthevocabularyinatext.Consultingyourdictionarywillinterruptyourprocessofreadingandunderstanding.ThenWhatshouldwedoaseffectiveandactivereaders23可整理pptSoreThumbofnewwords!24可整理pptTheReaderAsDetectiveThree

basicwaystounderstandthemeaningofanewword.Onewayistofindthestructureofaword;(itsprefix前缀,suffix后缀,androot词根).Asecondway

istolookthewordupinadictionary.Athirdway,andperhapsthemostimportantandmostusefuloneofall,istousethecontextofawordtounderstanditsmeaning.Contextisthesentenceorparagraphinwhichawordappears.

Manytimes,thesentenceorsentencesaroundtheunfamiliarwordwillofferanindicationof,orclueto,theword'smeaning.Theseindicationsorcluesarereferredtoascontextclues.25可整理ppt(1)Definition

a.Maryis

indecisive，thatis，shecan’tmakeuphermind.b.

Thecontextisthewordsaroundanewvocabularyitems.26可整理ppt(2)Restatement

a.Iama

resolute

man.OnceIsetupagoal，Iwon’tgiveitupeasily.b.Mostinternationalstudentsmajorin

practicalsubjects.Thesesubjectsprovideusefulskillsthathelpstudentsfindgoodjobs.27可整理ppt(3)GeneralKnowledgea.ThedoorwassolowthatIhitmy

headonthe

lintel

[lintl].

b.Markgotonthemotorbike,Isatbehindhimonthe

pillion

[‘pilj

n],andweroaredoffintothenight.28可整理ppt(4)RelatedInformation

Justbeforetheexam，Mike’shandsshookandsweated

somuchthathecouldnotholdapen.Hisheartbeatfastandhisstomachached,eventhoughheknewthesubjectverywell.Hereallyhadastrangephobiaabouttakingtests.

29可整理ppt(5)Example

Sheisstudying

glaucoma

[gl:’koum

]andotherdiseasesofeye.30可整理ppt(6)Comparison(similarity)

Thesnowwasfalling.Big

flakes

driftedwiththewindlikefeathers.31可整理ppt(7)Contrast(difference)

a.Peterwasnot

frugal

[fru:gl]sincehespentmoneysofreely.b.Janewastalkingwithothers

whileElizaremained

reticent

[‘retis

nt]allthetime.32可整理pptNowyoualreadygotsomeideasoffindingoutthenewwordsthroughthecontextclues.Pleasepracticeyourskillswhileyourreading.The“sorethumbofunknownwords”willneveroccurinyourreadingagain!CONGRATULATIONS!33可整理pptExercises:

TheIditarodisadogsledracethatcelebratesaneventthathappenedinAlaska.In1925,AlaskandogscarriedmedicinefromAnchoragetothefarawayvillageofNome.InNome,manypeopleweredyingfromthediseasecalleddiphtheria.Atthattime,dogsledswereusedtotravellongdistancesinAlaska,somushers

tookthemedicinetoNomebydogsled.34可整理pptToday,manymushersentertheIditarodraceandfollowthesametrailfromAnchoragetoNome.TheIditarodisnotaneasyrace;manypeopledonotevenfinishit.Infact,onlyasmallpercentageofmushersactuallycrossedthefinishline.Thisisbecauseduringtherace,themushersexperiencetoomuchabusetotheirbodies;theygetonlyalittlesleepandtheyarephysicallytired.35可整理pptIftheyhavetostopandabandontherace,theyfeelveryfrustratedbecausealltheirhardworkpreparingfortheracehasgonedownthedrain.Itoftentakesmonthsbeforetheyfeelgoodagainandcangetbackintotheswingofthings.

36可整理pptExpandyourVocabularyEuthanasiaEu—than—AsiaCandidatecan—did—ate

Bachelorb—ache—lorElephantelephantdoordoorodor37可整理ppt全脑记忆法爱上记单词步骤： 1以新找熟

2新熟联想 3默想编码 4尝试回忆 5及时复习

38可整理ppt以新找熟

1）分解法：car-go货物，port-end预知，ten-ants

房客，in-no-cent纯洁的，单纯do-use浸泡

39可整理ppt以新找熟

2）替换法：前--chop(shop),mirth(birth)欢笑，欢乐

后--belt带子(bell),coffer(coffee)保险箱中--mop拖把(map),slum贫民窟(slim)，40可整理ppt以新找熟

3）加减法：

加--dive潜水(drive),lean倚靠，倾斜(learn)减--prose散文(pose)，ally同盟

（all）

41可整理ppt以新找熟

4）交换法：odor气味(door)，dab轻排(bad)

moor(room)荒野，

evil(live),devil(lived)42可整理ppt以新找熟

练习insane—in/same神经错乱的target—car/get目标assassinate—ass/ass/in/ate暗杀ivy—iv/y(四季长青)gallanttall/ant英勇的carrot—car/rotslake—s/lake解渴pageant—page/ant壮观的bother—brotherarena[

‘ri:n

]竞技场—a/ren/a(两个人戴着头盔在竞技场决斗)43可整理ppt新熟联想

提高想象力：暗示自己有丰富的想象力，没有不能联想的事物。联想的原则：1）视觉化和体验化抽象的词（人、物、情景） 2）奇特化—拟人、夸张、幽默 3）

个人化步骤： 1）转化—语词到单个形象 2）组合—单个形象到图画 3）造句—看“图”说话 4)润色—突出关键心像 5)重复—强化

44可整理ppt新熟联想

mood

心情

moon

月亮

45可整理ppt新熟联想

闭上眼睛联想（图象或情景要生动，鲜明）patch（补丁）—match,boon（恩惠）book，ledge（暗礁）edge,chill（寒冷）child，46可整理ppt新熟联想–练习ransack—ran/sack细细搜索beckon—back/on招手示意badger—bad/guy纠缠testimony—test/money证据stalwart—star/war健壮的mushroom—much/room蘑菇47可整理ppt默想编码：大脑能够接受的模块

字母

a—apple尖塔，蝌蚪，头盔等b—boy手机，大拇指，口哨6等c—cat月牙，嘴巴，镰刀，耳朵，香蕉d—dog轮椅，脚，烟斗e—egg鹅，眼睛，衣扣，梳子f—fat拐杖，剑，手枪g—goat手铐，葫芦，8/948可整理ppt默想编码：大脑能够接受的模块

字母

h—head椅子，梯子，牙刷i—ice人，蜡烛，针头j—jack鱼钩，扑克Jk—kite7，跷跷板l—log木棍，树干，笔1m—men山峰，大门，桥洞，鼻子n—none凳子，隧道口，小门，

o—owl太阳，月亮，大饼，盘子，鸡蛋p—pig红旗，斧头，刀，停车场，路牌

49可整理ppt默想编码：大脑能够接受的模块

字母

q—quilt气球，球拍，9r—rock小草，叉子，路灯s—sand蛇，绳子，t—toy伞，十字架，图钉

七u—unit杯子，试管，井，桶v—vase漏斗，山谷，领口，楔子w—wing翅膀，波浪，灯丝，锯齿x—x-ray剪刀，y—yes树枝，高脚杯，花束，衣架z—zoo闪电

鸭子250可整理ppt默想编码：大脑能够接受的模块字母组合

ab—阿爸，阿伯，哑巴ad—阿弟，广告ag—阿哥，银(silver)al—尖棍，铝(aluminium)au—金，auntbl—61,玻璃br—兄弟，病人，溴（bromine）ca—钙(calcium)，茶，癌ch—长椅，主席cl—长棍，氯（chlorine）co—公司，可乐，一氧化碳cr—成人，超人

51可整理ppt默想编码：大脑能够接受的模块字母组合

cu—铜，醋dr—博士，医生fe—铁fl—地板，俘虏fr—法郎，夫人ic—电话卡ip—电话卡id—身份证gl—81,胶水gr—工人，GREpl—旗杆pr—刀叉，公关（publicrelation）pur—纯水qu—女王

52可整理ppt默想编码：大脑能够接受的模块字母组合

sh—上海，神话，生活sl—司令sn—密码，蛇洞sm—司马sp--专家，间谍squ--广场st—街道，车站sw—软件th—藤椅tr—树，土人wh—武汉，外汇

53可整理ppt其他联想abolish(啊不历史，不再用历史上曾有过的—废止)abuse（啊不好用）absent(啊伯送东西去了，不在，缺勤)execute—exe(扩展名，可执行程序)执行长官，总裁等abstract–abs(函数，求绝对值)absolute—绝对，抽象abroad—ab/roadabnormal—啊，不normal54可整理pptExercises:mango,heritage-her/it/age,bonus—bonus,capable,brideboy/ride,groomg/roomSatisfaction—sat-is-f-action55可整理ppt4尝试回忆：回忆当时情景，联想.

5及时复习：1小时集中精力

24小时内复习

1周—强化有问题的地方

1个月复习记牢

56可整理pptTakeabreak57可整理ppt6.UnderstandingMainIdeasEachparagraphwillusuallycontainonemainidea,sometimesreferredtoastheparagraphtopicLocationoftheTopicSentence:1)Atthebeginningoftheparagraph2)Inthemiddleoftheparagraph3)Attheendoftheparagraph4)Boththebeginningandtheend58可整理pptParagraphPatternsandTopicSentences

1.Deductivepatterne.g.Fromageneralideatoexamples59可整理pptTopicsentencefirstsentenceCowardicegenerallyinvitesattacks.Adogmaychaseagirlwhoturnsandruns;whereas,ifthegirlholdsherground(坚持，不让步)

thedogwilldohernoharmandevenletitselfbepatted.Aboywhorunsawayatthefirstsightofaneighborhoodgangwillonlyattractpursuit.Hadtheboyjustcontinuedonhisway,thegangmightnothavepaidtheleastattentiontohim.60可整理pptTopicsentencenearthebeginningStudentsarenotonlyonestobenefitfromcomputersineducation.Manyteachersfindthatcomputerscanhelpreducetheirworkload.Computerscanfreeteachersfromcertainkindsoftime-consumingbookkeeping.Testitemscanbe“banked”inacomputer,greatlyreducingthetimerequiredtoproduceanewtest.Testscanbescoredbycomputer,andmoreimportantly,thecomputercananalyzethetestresults,indicatingtotheteacherwhichpointsmayneedfurthertreatmentinclass.61可整理pptParagraphPatternsandTopicSentences2.Inductivepattern

e.g.Fromexamplestoageneralidea62可整理pptTopicsentenceattheend(lastsentence)

OurexportcommoditiesareonshowattheFairtofacilitateourfriends’makingtheirownselectionagainstsamplesduringtheirbusinessnegotiations.Theyrangefromthetiniestintegratedcircuitstoenormousoildrillingplatforms;fromtraditionalivorycarvingstoultramodernlasermachines;fromfullandplumpsoybeanstofinesilkproducts.Allthesearebroughttogetherunderoneroof.TheFairfocusesitsattentiononexportsasitsmainobjective.

63可整理ppt

ParagraphPatternsandTopicSentences3.Centralpattern

e.g.Thispatternisusedwhenthedetailsintheparagrapharecloselyrelatedandthereisanadvantagetohavingsomeofthedetailsbeforeandsomeafterthestatementofthemainidea.64可整理pptTopicsentenceinthemiddle

Althoughmoneyisagreatmotivator,itisonlypartoftheanswer.Veryfewself-employedentrepreneurscanearnwhattheyreceivedinalargescompany,atleastinthefirstfewyears.Theyinvestanyextracashintheirbusiness,ratherthaninexpensivecars,housesorholidays.Probablythemostimportantpartoftheanswerhastodowithbeingincharge.IntheU.S,peoplewhowanttomakeamilliondon’tcarewhethertheyown5%or10%ofthecompany,butintheUK,entrepreneurswant100%ownership:theywanttocontroltheircompanyandtomakeallthedecisionsthemselves.65可整理ppt

ParagraphPatternsandTopicSentences4.MixedPattern

e.g.Bothbeginning&end66可整理pptInprehistorictimesthetypesofdinosaurs

wereasvariedasthetypesofanimalsaretoday.

ThereweregiantplanteatersliketheBrontosaurusandDiplodocus.TherewerefiercepredatorslikeAllosaurusandTyrannosaurus.Therewereflyersandswimmers.Therewastherhinosaurus-likeTriceratops,andtherewastheStegosaurus,withgiantplatesonitsback.Andthereweretinydinosaursnolargerthanasmallrodent.Justliketoday,therewasananimaltofiteveryspace.

TopicsentenceBothbeginning&end67可整理pptTopicsentence—thelocationTheparagraphaboveshowclearlythatthetopicsentencemayappearanywhereintheparagraph.Sometimesthetopicsentenceinaparagraphisnotexplicitlystatedatallbutismerelyimplied.Forexample:68可整理ppt

ParagraphPatternsandTopicSentences5.Descriptivepattern

e.g.NoTS69可整理pptTopicsentencenotopicsentence

AmongthegreatgeniusesoftheRenaissance,manywereartists,likeRaphae;Titan,Michelangelo,VanDyke,andRembrandt.Otherswerepoets,suchasSpenser,Shakespeare,Tasso,andRonsard.Stillotherswerepioneersinscience:GalileoandKeplerinastronomy,forinstance,andVesaliusandHarveyinmedicine.70可整理pptTopicsentencethelocationThisparagraphissowellknitthatanyreasonablythoughtfulreadercansumupthecentralideaoftheparagraphinhisownwords.Theimpliedtopicsentenceabovecanbe:

“TheRenaissanceproducedmanycreativemen.”71可整理pptAdditionalExercisesAfterreadingeachofthefollowingparagraphs,selectothermostsuitabletopicsentencefromthethreechoicesfollowingit.Thentrytoexplainwhythetwochoicesarenotappropriate.Keepinginmind:

thetopicsentenceyoufinallychooseshouldbebroadenoughtocoverallandonlytheinformationyouwishtoincludebutnotbroaderthannecessary.72可整理pptParagraphone.

______________________.WhereBritonsendcertainwordswith-se,Americansusuallyendthesamewordwith-ce(Britishpractisevs.Americanpractice).NoticealsotheBritishpreferenceforfinal–reovertheAmerican–er(metrevs.meter).Finally,mostAmericansconsiderneighboracorrectspelling,butaBritoncharacteristicallyaddsauandspellsthewordneighbour.73可整理pptParagraphone.

Themostsuitabletopicsentenceis:a.BritishandAmericanEnglishhavemanydifferencesinspelling.b.TherearesomeminordifferencesbetweenAmericanandBritishspelling.c.TheendingofBritishandAmericanwordsarenotthesame.a74可整理pptParagraphTwo

______________________.Theoperationofbothcanbethoughtofasbeingdividedintothreephases:input,processing,andoutput.Inthecaseofthecomputer,theinformationwhichisfedintothemachinethedataistheinput;theinternaloperationsofthemachineconstitutetheprocessing;andtheresultusuallyaprintoutiscalledoutput.Thetelephone,too,actsoninformationpresentedtoitandproducesaresult.Theinputistheactualdialingofthenumber.Theswitchingsystemwhichlocatesthenumbercanbeconsideredtheprocessingphase.Finally,thetelephoneringsontheotherendoftheline.Indicatingthatthecallhasbeencompleted;thisconstitutestheoutput.75可整理pptParagraphTwo

Themostsuitabletopicsentenceis:a.Boththecomputerandthetelephonearehelpfulinventionsinourdailylife.b.Computerterminology,suchasinput,processing,andoutputisfrequentlyusedinothercontexts.c.Despiteapparentdifferences,theoperationofthecomputerandthetelephonehavemuchincommon.c76可整理pptParagraphThree______________________.Thefirstoneisthesmalldictionary.Dictionariesofthistypeareusuallyonlyabridgments(makeshorter)ofearlier,morecomprehensivedictionaries.Thedefinitionsfoundinapocketdictionaryareusuallyrathersketchy,andfewornoexamplesentencesaregiventohelptheforeignstudentstounderstandhowthewordisactuallyusedinasentence.Equallyinadequateisthebilingualdictionary(Thai-English,Spanish-English,Russian-English,etc.).Thistypeofdictionaryisoftenbasedontheideaofmakingword–forwordtranslations,anotionwhichshowsnounderstandingoftheidiomaticnatureofalllanguages.Moreover,bilingualdictionariesoftenhastilyandsloppilycompiled,aswellashopelessoutofdateevenbeforetheyarepublished.77可整理pptParagraphThreeThemostsuitabletopicsentenceis:a.Therearemanykindsofdictionariesforforeignstudentstochoosefrom.b.Somedictionariesarenotcomprehensiveenoughforforeignstudents.c.Anumberofdictionariesarenotappropriateforforeignstudents.c78可整理pptParagraphFour______________________.Infantsusuallysatisfythisverybasicneedinthecourseofanordinarydayspentwiththeirparents(feeding,kissing,bathing,etc.)However,ifababyisneglectedorevenmistreatedbybeingdeprivedoftouch,hisdevelopmentwillsufferonalllevelsphysical,intellectual,andemotional.Somechildrenhaveevenbeenknowntodiefromthislackoftactile(thesenseoftouch)stimulation;itisthoughtbymanydoctorsthatmanyunexplained“crib(baby’sbed)deaths”aredirectlyrelatedtolackoftouchanditsvariousconsequences.Childrengivenoutforadoptionatatenderageandplacedinpoorlyrunorphanages,childrenbroughtupbyunaffectionateparents,andchildrenwhoseparentstouchthemonlytobeatthemallthesetypesofchildrenruntheriskofneverreachingtheirpotentialasfullydevelopedadults.79可整理pptParagraphFour

Themostsuitabletopicsentenceis:a.Babiesshouldinteracteverydaywiththeirparentsinordertogrowhealthily.b.Physicalcontactisanimportantfactorinaninfant’soveralldevelopment.c.Manychildrenarenotproperlytakencareofbytheirparents.b80可整理ppt7.InferenceSometimesawriterwillsuggestorexpresssomethingindirectlyinatext.Inotherwords,awriterwillimply

somethingandleaveittothereadertoinferorunderstandwhatismeant.81可整理pptTomakeaccurateinferencesyouneedtopaycloseattentiontotheimplicationsofthefollowingclues:connotationsofwords,photos,graphs,figures&tables,humorincartoonsandtones.

Inference“astatementaboutthe

unknown

made

onthebasisof

whatis

known”

unstated

meanings

implied

by

clues,neverdirectlystated.WhatisInference82可整理pptBecauseofthesituationsinwhichcertainwordsareoftenused,theyareusuallyassociatedwiththatsituation.Forexample,supposeyourprofessoraskedyoutocomeseeherthisafternoonaboutanessayyouwrote.Wouldyousayyouhaveadatemeetingwithyourprofessor?Whichwordisthemostneutral?Whichwordhasotherassociations?

InferenceConnotationsofWords

83可整理pptInthesituationwhereyouprobablyoftenfindyourselfacollegeclassroomthekindoflanguagethatispreferredisneutrallanguage.A“meeting”ismoreneutralthana“date”.It’strueadatemightbenothingmorethananappointment.Butthewordisoftenusedforameetingthathasromanticpossibilitiesadifferentsituation.Therefore,theword“date”inthiscontextisnotasneutralastheword“meeting”becauseofitsromanticconnotations.

InferenceConnotationsofWords

84可整理pptInferencefromphotos,graphs,figuresandtables,andcartoons85可整理pptInferencefromphotos,graphs,figuresandtables,andcartoonsinfer1.tif86可整理ppt8.TextOrganizationThewriterwill:Outline

a

situationDiscuss

a

problemPropose

asolutionOffer

anevaluationWhat,Who,Why,When,WhereandHowCompareContrastTimeperiodChronologicalorderEtc.87可整理pptExampleCaughtintheWebSituation:excessofusinginternetProblem:declineofthequalityofstudents’essaysReasons:1)librarymisleading2)teachers’responsibilitySolution:1)teachersleadstudentstoreadeffectivelyandactively2)computersystemcrashandgivestudentstimetoreadactivelyConclusion:urgeintoaction.88可整理ppt9,10,AWriter’sPurpose&AttitudePurpose

inform

or

persuadeentertain(Informative)

(persuasive)Attituderelatively

or

subjective/

neutral/

expressingopinion

objective

(supportoneside,urgepeopletotakesomeaction)

89可整理pptSkillsforBFTReading90可整理pptSkillsforpart11.快速浏览全文和8-9句话，了解文章的大意.skimming2.分析文章结构。3.判断逻辑关系。

并列、举例、对比、递进、因果、条件、推理、让步、转折、时间、空间、指代、同义与近义等。91可整理pptCompare/ContrastThemaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it’sthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized…92可整理pptCause/EffectOfthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogetherhonesty,kindness,andsoonaccountabilitymaybethemostimportantofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,nolaw-and,ultimately,nosociety.……Idon’tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantagedcircumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.Ifwefreethecriminal,evenpartly,fromaccountability,webecomeasocietyofendlessexcuseswherenooneacceptsresponsibilityforanything.WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.93可整理pptDefinitionAccountabilityisn’thardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonisresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheirconsequences.94可整理pptClassificationTherearethreekindsofbookowners.Thefirsthasallthestandardsetsandbest-sellers--unread,untouched.Thesecondhasagreatmanybooks--afewofthemreadthrough,butallofthemcleanandshinyasthedaytheywerebought.Thethirdhasafewbooks