大脑结构解剖图课件

TheTelencephalon山东大学医学院解剖教研室李振华1可编辑课件PPTExternalfeatureThetelencephalonconsistsofrightandleftcerebralhemisphere,partiallyseparatedbycerebrallongitudinalfissure.ThecerebraltransversefissureintervenesbetweenthehemispheresandthecerebellumEachhemispherehasthreesurfaces:superolateral,medialandinferior2可编辑课件PPTThreeprincipalsulci

Centralsulcus

中央沟Lateralsulcus外侧沟Parietooccipitalsulcus顶枕沟CentralsulcusLateralsulcusParietooccipitalsulcus3可编辑课件PPT

Fivelobes

Frontallobe额叶Parietallobe顶叶Temporallobe颞叶Occipitallobe枕叶Insularlobe岛叶FrontallobeParietallobeOccipitallobeTemporallobeInsularlobe4可编辑课件PPTSulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfaceFrontallobe:

Precentralsulcus中央前沟Superiorfrontalsulcus额上沟Inferiorfrontalsulcus额下沟Precentralgyrus中央前回Superiorfrontalgyrus额上回Middlefrontalgyrus额中回Inferiorfrontalgyrus额下回5可编辑课件PPTSulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfacePrecentralsulcus

Precentralgyrus

Superiorfrontalsulcus

Inferiorfrontalsulcus

Superior,middleandinferioefrontalgyri

6可编辑课件PPTParietallobe:

Postcentralsulcus中央后沟

Postcentralgyrus中央后回

Intraparietalsulcus顶内沟

Superiorparietallobule顶上小叶

Inferiorparietallobule顶下小叶

Supramarginalgyrus缘上回

Angulargyrus角回7可编辑课件PPTSulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface

Postcentralsulcus

Postcentralgyrus

Superiorparietallobule

Supramarginalgyrus

Angulargyrus

Intraparietalsulcus8可编辑课件PPTTemporallobe:

Superiortemporalsulcus颞上沟Inferiortemporalsulcus颞下沟Superiortemporalgyrus颞上回

Middletemporalgyrus颞中回

Inferiortemporalgyrus颞下回

Transversetemporalgyri颞横回9可编辑课件PPTSulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface

Superiortemporalsulcus

Inferiortemporalsulcus

SuperiortemporalgyrusMiddletemporalgyrus

Inferiortemporalgyrus

10可编辑课件PPTTransversetemporalgyri11可编辑课件PPTSulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfacePrecentralsulcus

Precentralgyrus

Superiorfrontalsulcus

Inferiorfrontalsulcus

Superior,middleandinferioefrontalgyri

Postcentralsulcus

Postcentralgyrus

Superiorparietallobule

Supramarginalgyrus

Angulargyrus

Superiortemporalsulcus

Inferiortemporalsulcus

SuperiortemporalgyrusMiddletemporalgyrus

Inferiortemporalgyrus

12可编辑课件PPTSulciandgyriofmedialsurface

Corpuscallosum胼胝体

Callosalsulcus胼胝体沟

Cingulatesulcus扣带沟Cingulategyrus扣带回Marginalramus缘支Paracentrallobule中央旁小叶Calcarinesulcus距状沟Cuneus楔叶

Lingualgyrus舌回13可编辑课件PPTSulciandgyriofmedialsurface

Corpuscallosum

Callosalsulcus

cingulategyrus

Cingulatesulcus

Marginalramus

Paracentrallobule

Calcarinesulcus

CuneusParietooccipitalsulcusLingualgyrus14可编辑课件PPTSulciandgyriofinferiorsurface

Olfactorybulb嗅球Olfactorytract嗅束

Olfactorytrigone嗅三角

Anteriorperforatedsubstance前穿质

Collateralsulcus侧副沟

Occipitotemporalsulcus枕颞沟

Medialoccipitotemporalgyrus枕颞内侧回

Lateraloccipitotemporalgyrus枕颞外侧回

Hippocampalsulcus海马沟

Parahippocampalgyrus海马旁回Uncus钩

Hippocampus海马Dentategyrus齿状回

Hippocampalformation

海马结构15可编辑课件PPTInferiorsurfaceOlfactorybulb

Olfactorytract

Olfactorytrigone

Anteriorperforatedsubstance

Collateralsulcus

OccipitotemporalsulcusMedialandlateraloccipitotemporalgyri

Parahippocampalgyrus

Uncus

16可编辑课件PPTHippocampusDentategyrus

Hippocampalformation

17可编辑课件PPTHistologyofthecerebralcortexArchicortex原皮质

(hippocampalformation海马结构)

Paleocortex古皮质(rhinencephalon嗅脑)Neocortex新皮质(mostofcerebralcortex)3celllayers6celllayers18可编辑课件PPT19可编辑课件PPTFunctionallocationofcerebralcortex20可编辑课件PPTFirstsomaticmotorarea第一躯体运动区Position:locatedinprecentralgyrusandanteriorportionofparacentrallobule21可编辑课件PPTFirstsomaticmotorarea第一躯体运动区Characters

Representationisinverted,butheadandfaceareuprightAbodypartisrepresentedbyacorticalareaproportionaltoitsuseratherthanitssizeReceivingfibersfrompostcentralgyrus,VA,VLandVPL,sendingoutfiberstoformpyramidaltract,controllingvoluntarymovements22可编辑课件PPTFirstsomaticsensoryarea第一躯体感觉区Position－liesinpostcentralgyrusandposteriorportionofparacentrallobule23可编辑课件PPTFirstsomaticsensoryarea第一躯体感觉区CharactersSensoryrepresentation,likemotorarea,iscrossedandinvertedReceivingandinterpretsensationfromoppositesideofbody24可编辑课件PPTAuditoryarea听区LocatedintransversetemporalgyriReceiveauditoryinformationfrombothears25可编辑课件PPTVisualarea视区LieoneithersideofcalcarinesulcusinmedialsurfaceofoccipitallobeVisualcortexofonehemispherereceivesimpressionfromtemporalpartofretinaofsamesideandnasalpartofoppositesideLesionsofvisualcortexproducecontralateralhomonymousvisualfielddefections26可编辑课件PPTVestibulararea平衡觉区:locatedinfrontofsuperiortemporalgyrusOlfactoryarea嗅觉区:locatedneartheuncusTastearea味觉区:locatedatfrontaloperculum27可编辑课件PPTLanguagearea语言中枢Itisdominantinlefthemisphereinright-handedpersonMotorspeecharea

运动性语言中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofinferiorfrontalgyrusDamage:motoraphasiaWritingarea

书写中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofmiddlefrontalgyrusDamage:agraphiaAuditoryspeecharea

听觉性语言中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofsuperiortemporalgyrusLesion:sensoryaphasiaVisualspeecharea

视觉性语言中枢LocatedinangulargyrusLesion:alexia28可编辑课件PPTLateralventricle

侧脑室Position:locatedincerebralhemispheresFourpartsCentralpart:liesinparietallobeAnteriorhorn:extendsintofrontallobePosteriorhornextendintooccipitallobeInferiorhorn:extendintotemporallobeInternalstructures29可编辑课件PPTCommunicationlateralventricle→interventricularforamen→thirdventricle30可编辑课件PPTBasalnuclei基底核Corpusstriatum纹状体Lentiformnucleus豆状核

Caudatenucleus尾状核Claustrum屏状核Amygdaloidbody杏仁体Globuspallidus苍白球putamen壳Neostriatum新纹状体－paleostriatum旧纹状体31可编辑课件PPT32可编辑课件PPTWhitematterAssociationfibers

联络纤维

RunbetweengyriwithinthesamehemisphereCerebralarcuatefibers大脑弓状纤维Superiorlongitudinalfasciculi上纵束Inferiorlongitudinalfasciculi下纵束Uncinatefasciculus钩束Cingulum扣带33可编辑课件PPTCommissuralfibers连合纤维－runbetweenleftandrighthemisphereCorpuscallosum胼胝体:rostrum,genu,trunk,spleniumAnteriorcommissure前连合Fornixandcommissureoffornix穹隆和穹隆连合34可编辑课件PPTProjectionfibers投射纤维:connectcortexwithlowerpartofbrainandspinalcordandtheyincludebothascendinganddescendingfibers

InternalcapsulePosition:athicklaminaofwhitematterlyingbetweencaudatenucleus,thalamusandlentiformnucleus35可编辑课件PPT36可编辑课件PPTThreepartsAnteriorlimbofinternalcapsule

内囊前肢LiesbetweencaudatenucleusandlentiformnucleusContainingfrontopontinetractandanteriorthalamicradiationGenuofinternalcapsule内囊膝IsangleatwhichanteriorandposteriorlimbsmeetContainingcorticonucleartractPosteriorlimbofinternalcapsule

内囊后肢LiesbetweenthalamusandlentiformnucleusContaincorticospinaltract,corticorubraltract,centralthalamicradiation,parieto-occipito-temporo-pontinetract,acousticradiationandop