2022届英语语法-动词不定式（教师版）

PAGE12022届英语语法精讲精练微专题（动词不定式）学生版考点清单一、不定式作主语要点精讲：1.不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(对比：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为)2.不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-todo短语作主语(谓语用单数)。3.常考句型Itis+adj.+of/forsbtodosth结构；Ittakessb.timetodosth.等。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Ittookyearsofwork_____________(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.2.It’simportantforthefigures_____________(update)regularly.3.Whenandwheretostarttheprograms____________(remain)unknown.【答案与解析】1.toreduce。Ittakessb.timetodosth.是常用句型，不定式短语作真正主语。故答案是toreduce。2.tobeupdated。定期更新数据很重要，数据是被更新的，故答案是tobeupdated。3.remains。wh-todo短语作主语，谓语用单数。故答案是remains。考点清单二、不定式作宾语要点精讲1：只接todo作宾语的动词:妙记--mecarfipsd霉咖啡不是的--manage,expect,choose,afford/agree/attempt,refuse,fail,intend,plan/pretend/promise,seem,decide/desire/determine【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。4.Theyfailed_____________(grasp)theimportanceofhiswords.5.Sheneverseemed________(care)whattherestofusthoughtabouther.【答案与解析】4.tograsp。failtodo未能做某事。故答案是tograsp。5.tocare。seemtodo好像做某事。故答案是tocare。要点精讲2：接todo/doing意义不同的动词：妙记--frogshmt青蛙聪明--forget,remember/regret,goon,stop,can’thelp,mean,try。该考点非常重要，必须重视。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。6.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways________(get)herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.7.--Look!Thewindowisopen.--I’msorry.Iforgot____________(close)it.8.Iremembered_________(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.9.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried_________(live)alone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.【答案与解析】6.getting。这里应用meandoing表示“意味着”。故答案是getting。7.toclose。这里应用forgettodo表示“忘记做某事”，强调未做，故答案是toclose。8.tolock。remembertodo表示“记住去做某事”，和后面“忘记去关灯”呼应，故答案是tolock。9.living。trydoing强调“尝试着做了某事”，符合语境要求，故答案是living。考点清单三、不定式作宾语补足语要点精讲1：see类动词(不定式作宾补省to):巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉--notice,let,make,hear,listento,see,observe,watch,have,feel。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。10.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew(deal)withbyourselveseveryday.【答案与解析】10.todeal。本句不是havesbdosth句式，而是havesthtodo表示“有某事要做”，不定式短语作定语，故答案是todeal。要点精讲2：warn类动词(只接todo后作宾补)warn,tell,ask,persuade,expect等。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。11.Passengersarepermitted___________(carry)onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.12.Energydrinksarenotallowed____________(make)inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.【答案与解析】11.tocarry。permitsbtodosth允许某人做事，故答案是tocarry。12.tomake。allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事，故答案是tomake。要点精讲3：用于“with+名词+不定式”，表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定式”构成独立主格结构。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。13.Withalotofdifficultproblems___________(solve),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.14.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest__________(follow)inayear.【答案与解析】13.tosolve。withsthtodo是with复合宾语结构，不定式强调将要发生的动作，故答案是tosolve。14.tofollow。本句是省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定式”构成独立主格结构。故答案是tofollow。要点精讲4：besaid类动词：besaid/believed/reported/knowntodo类句型，可以转化为Itissaidthat…【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。15.Robertissaid_____________(study)abroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.16.Policearesearchingforawomanwhoisreportedto_____________(miss)sincethefloodhitthearea.【答案与解析】15.tohavestudied。besaidtodo表示“据说做某事”；whatcountryhestudiedin暗示该动作已结束，故答案是tohavestudied。16.havebeenmissing。sincethefloodhitthearea暗示应用不定式完成式；结合语境又是一种“失踪”状态，故答案是havebeenmissing。考点清单四、不定式作定语要点精讲1：不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。不定式与名词之间是主谓关系或动宾关系。若不定式是不及物动词，后边应加上适当的介词。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。17.Themeeting___________(hold)now/_______(hold)yesterday/_________(hold)tomorrowisveryimportant.18.Theairport_____________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.19.Mr.Greenstoodupindefenceoftheboy,sayingthathewasnottheone(blame).【答案与解析】17.being;held;tobeheld。现在分词作定语，表示一个正在进行的动作；过去分词短语作定语表示一个被动的、已发生动作。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作。故答案是being;held;tobeheld。18.tobecompleted。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作；结合语境应用被动形式，故答案是tobecompleted。19.toblame。(be)toblame表示“该受到责备”，主动形式表示被动意义，故答案是toblame。考点清单五、不定式作状语要点精讲1：不定式作目的状语，多用于todo,soastodo,inordertodo结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。20.Thelocalgovernmenthasdoneeverythingitcan__________(save)theburiedminers.21._______(accept)asanOlympicevent,asportmustbeplayedinatleast75countriesonatleast4continents.22.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere(train)foraspaceflight.【答案与解析】20.tosave。itcan是定语从句thatitcando的省略，故应用不定式作目的状语，故答案是tosave。21.Tobeaccepted。不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是Tobeaccepted。22.tobetrained。不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是tobetrained。要点精讲2：不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to,enoughtodo,onlytodo,so…asto,suchasto等结构。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。23.Hehurriedtothestation,only____________(inform)thatthetrainhadleft.24.Wouldyoubesokindas_____________(carry)theluggageforme?25.NowI’mbraveenough____________(stand)upandanswerthequestion.【答案与解析】23.tobeinformed。onlytodo常表示出乎预料的结果，本句含有被动意义,故答案是tobeinformed。24.tocarry。so…astodo引导不定式作结果状语，故答案是tocarry。25.tostand。…enoughtodo是不定式短语作结果状语，故答案是tostand。要点精讲3：不定式用于be+adj+todo构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。26.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_________(breathe).27.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier__________(break)intosmallpieces.【答案与解析】26.tobreathe。不定式用于be+adj+todo构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。故答案是tobreathe。27.tobreak。本句是形容词短语作宾语补足语，暗含be+adj+todo构成的反射不定式，故答案是tobreak。考点清单六、不定式作表语要点精讲：不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语有实义动词do,作表语的不定式可省to。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。28.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_____(see)whethertheywillenjoyit.29.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____________(not,make)itmoredifficult.【答案与解析】28.tobeseen。Itremainstobeseenwhether….是固定句型，表示“是否……有待观察”，故答案是tobeseen。29.nottomake。这里不定式短语作表语，但是为了对比，不定式to不能省略，故答案是nottomake。考点清单七、不定式的省略要点精讲1：感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to（注意被动语态中to应加上）；【即时训练】单句改错或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。30.Thelibrarianwillletyoutoknowwhenthebookhasreturned.改错31.Hewasobserved________________(enter)theofficesilently.【答案与解析】30.去掉to。letsbdosth让某人做事，故答案是去掉to。31.toenter。感官动词接不定式作宾补时省略to，被动语态中to应加上，故答案是toenter。要点精讲2：下列句型常省略to：mayaswelldosth;hadbetterdo,donothingbutdosth;can’thelpbutdosth.Whynotdosth?prefertodo…ratherthandosth,wouldratherdo…thando…等。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。32.Ratherthan______(ride)onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_______(ride)abicycle.33.--Iusuallygotherebytrain.Whynot____________(try,go)byboatforachange?34.IlostmykeysintheofficesoIcoulddonothingbuttowaitformymother.改错【答案与解析】32.ride;toride。prefertodosthratherthandosth表示“宁愿做……不愿做……”，故答案是ride;toride。33.trygoing。Whynotdo…?是固定句型；trydoing强调“尝试着做”。故答案是trygoing。34.去掉to。donothingbutdo是固定句型，表示“不得不做某事”，故答案是去掉to。要点精讲3：在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。注意，不定式后面是动词be时，be应保留。【即时训练】单句改错。35.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnottodo.36.Asweallknow,Chinaisnolongerthecountryitusedto.【答案与解析】35.去掉do。在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。故答案是去掉do。36.to后加be。在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，不定式后面是动词be时，tobe应保留。故答案是to后加be。考点清单八、不定式的否定式、完成式和被动式（以动词find为例）内容主动语态被动语态否定式一般式tofindtobefoundnottofind完成式tohavefoundtohavebeenfoundnottohavefound【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。37.Theboypretended_____________(read)thebookwhentheteachercamein.38.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle___________(hear).39.Hegotupearlythismorningsoas_____________(miss)theearlytrain.40.Theenginejustwon'tstart.Somethingseems__________(go)wrongwithit.【答案与解析】37.tobereading。pretendtobedoing假装正在做某事。故答案是tobereading。38.tobeheard。struggletodo努力做某事。故答案是tobeheard。39.nottomiss。soasnotodosth为了不做某事。故答案是nottomiss。40.tohavegone。结合语境该动作已发生，故答案是tohavegone。好题再练（一）高考真题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.(2021全国乙)Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaim________(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.2.(2020全国I)ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4_______(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.3.(2020全国II)Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy________(care)forandmakegreatpresents.4.(2020全国III)Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout_________(find)thewell-knownpainter.5.(2020浙江)Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology________(change)lives.6.(2020天津改编)Thelocalgovernmentdoesn'thavetosacrificeenvironmentalprotection_________(promote)economicgrowth.7.(2019江苏改编)__________(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.8.(2019全国I)Modemmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive__________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.9.(2019全国III)Onourwaytothehouse，itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake__________(get)there.10.(2019浙江)OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents'gradesimprovedalittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.Butsomestudentsdidn'twant__________(wear)theuniform.【答案】1.tohave2.tofind3.tocare4.tofind5.tochange6.topromote7.Toenjoy8.toperform9.toget10.towear好题再练（二）模拟试题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。11.(2018天津改编)Ididn'tmean___________(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelp__________(try)it.12.(2017全国III)Sarah,whohastakenpartinshows,wants______(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.13.AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwenton(thank)allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.14.Birdssingingissometimesawarningtootherbirds__________(keep)away.15.Thelatestinformationconfirmsmybeliefthatheis_____________(blame)fortheaccident.16.Theyaretalkingaboutwhattheywillbringtotheparty___________(hold)thisweekend.17.Ilostmywayincompletedarknessand,__________(make)mattersworse,itbegantorain.18.__________(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.19.Withalargeamountofworkremain________(do),theengineercouldn’tsparetimeforaholiday..20.Thenovelisbelievedto_________________(translate)into