《计算机英语》全册精讲

《计算机英语》全册精讲CourseIntroductionandLearningObjectivesFundamentalsofComputerHardwareFundamentalsofComputerSoftwareFundamentalsofComputerNetworksDatabaseandDataManagementTechnologyInformationsecurityandpreventionstrategiesITWorkplaceEnglishCommunicationandInterviewSkills目录01CourseIntroductionandLearningObjectivesCoursenatureComputerEnglishisaprofessionalEnglishcourseaimedatstudentsmajoringincomputerscience,aimingtoimprovetheirabilitytoread,translate,andwriteEnglishliteratureinthefieldofcomputerscience.CoursepositioningThiscourseisoneofthemandatorycoursesforstudentsmajoringincomputerscience,anditisofgreatsignificanceinimprovingtheirprofessionalliteracyandpracticalabilities.TargetaudienceThiscourseissuitableforstudentsmajoringincomputerscienceandtechnology,softwareengineering,networkengineering,andotherrelatedmajors.IntroductiontoComputerEnglishCourseLearningobjectivesandrequirementsMastercommonlyusedprofessionalterminologyandvocabularyinthefieldofcomputerscience,andbeabletoproficientlyreadandunderstandEnglishtechnicaldocumentsandpapers.MasterthecharacteristicsandtranslationskillsofscientificEnglish,andbeabletoaccuratelytranslateEnglishtechnicaldocumentsandpapersintoChinese.MasterthebasicskillsandmethodsofEnglishwriting,andbeabletowritestandardizedEnglishtechnicaldocumentsandpapers.Throughthestudyofthiscourse,studentsshouldhavetheabilitytoengageinacademicexchangeandtechnicalcooperationintheinternationalfieldofcomputerscience.OverviewoftextbookstructureandcontentTextbookstructure:TheentirebookofComputerEnglishisdividedinto10units,eachcontainingsectionssuchastext,vocabulary,annotations,exercises,andextendedreading.ContentOverview:Thistextbookcoversvariousaspectsofthecomputerfield,includingcomputerfundamentals,operatingsystems,programminglanguages,datastructuresandalgorithms,databases,computernetworks,artificialintelligence,andothertopics.Bystudyingthistextbook,studentscancomprehensivelyunderstandthedevelopmenthistoryandlatesttrendsinthefieldofcomputerscience,andmasterthebasicknowledgeandapplicationskillsofprofessionalEnglish.02FundamentalsofComputerHardwareFundamentalsofComputerHardwareComputerCompositionandWorkingPrinciplesSummary:Deeplyunderstandthebasiccompositionandworkingprinciplesofcomputers,includinginputandoutputdevices,storagedevices,computingdevices,andcontroldevices.Detaileddescription:Acomputeriscomposedofmultiplecorecomponents,includingthecentralprocessingunit,memory,harddisk,etc.,whichworktogethertoenablethecomputertoperformvarioustasks.Thecentralprocessingunit(CPU)isthe"brain"ofacomputer,responsibleforexecutinginstructionsandprocessingdata;Memoryisthetemporarystoragespaceofacomputer,usedtostorethedataandprogramscurrentlyinuse;Harddrivesareusedforlong-termstorageofdataandprograms.FundamentalsofComputerHardwareComputerCompositionandWorkingPrinciplesSummary:Gainadeepunderstandingofthecorecomponentsofacomputer,includingthecentralprocessingunit,memory,harddisk,etc.Detaileddescription:TheCentralProcessingUnit(CPU)isthecoreofacomputer,responsibleforexecutinginstructionsandprocessingdata.Ithashigh-speedcomputinganddataprocessingcapabilities,whicharekeyfactorsincomputerperformance.Memoryisthetemporarystoragespaceofacomputer,usedtostoredataandprogramscurrentlyinuse.Ithasfastreadandwritespeed,whichcanmeettheneedsofhigh-speeddataprocessing.Harddrivesareusedforlong-termstorageofdataandprograms,andhavealargestoragecapacity.FundamentalsofComputerHardwareComputerCompositionandWorkingPrinciplesSummary:Understandcommonperipheralsandinterfacessuchasinputandoutputdevices,storagedevices,computingdevices,andcontroldevices.Detaileddescription:Inadditiontocorecomponents,computersalsorequirevariousperipheralsandinterfacestoexpandtheirfunctions.Commoninputdevicesincludekeyboards,mice,touchscreens,etc.,usedtoinputdataandinstructionsintocomputers;Outputdevicesincludedisplays,printers,etc.,usedtodisplayoroutputdata.Inaddition,therearevariousstorageandcomputingdevices,suchassolid-statedrives,graphicscards,etc.,usedtoexpandthestorageandcomputingcapabilitiesofcomputers.Controldevicessuchasmotherboardsandpowersuppliesareresponsibleforcontrollingthenormaloperationofvariouscomponents.Theabovecontentprovidesadetailedexplanationof"ComputerHardwareFundamentals"inthecomprehensivelectureof"ComputerEnglish",includingknowledgeofcomputercompositionandworkingprinciples,corecomponentssuchasCPU,memory,harddisk,aswellascommonperipheralsandinterfaces.Throughtheintroductionofthesecontents,readerscanbetterunderstandthebasicconceptsandworkingprinciplesofcomputerhardware,layingasolidfoundationforfurtherlearningcomputerrelatedknowledgeandskills.03FundamentalsofComputerSoftwareOperatingSystemDefinition01Anoperatingsystemissoftwarethatmanagescomputerhardwareandsoftwareresources,andisthecoreandcornerstoneofacomputersystem.Operatingsystemfunctions02Themainfunctionsofanoperatingsystemincludeprocessormanagement,memorymanagement,devicemanagement,filemanagement,anduserinterfacemanagement.Commonoperatingsystems03CommonoperatingsystemsincludeWindows,macOS,Linux,etc.OverviewandfunctionsoftheoperatingsystemOverviewofprogramminglanguagesProgramminglanguagesarecomputerlanguagesusedtowritecomputerprograms.CommonprogramminglanguagesCommonprogramminglanguagesincludeJava,Python,C,JavaScript,etc.SoftwaredevelopmentprocessThesoftwaredevelopmentprocessincludesstagessuchasrequirementanalysis,design,coding,testing,andmaintenance.ProgramminglanguagesandsoftwaredevelopmentprocessesImageprocessingsoftware,suchasAdobePhotoshopandGIMP.Videoeditingsoftware,suchasAdobePremiereProandFinalCutPro.Officesoftware:suchasMicrosoftOfficesuite,includingWord,Excel,PowerPoint,etc.IntroductiontoCommonApplicationSoftware04FundamentalsofComputerNetworksTheDevelopmentHistoryandCurrentSituationoftheInternetTheInternethasbecomeawidelyusedtoolforinformationexchangeworldwide,coveringfieldssuchassocialmedia,e-commerce,andonlineeducation.ThecurrentsituationoftheInternetTheInternetwasborninthe1960s,initiallyusedformilitaryandacademicresearchpurposes,andgraduallydevelopedintoaglobalinformationsharingplatform.OriginoftheInternetTheInternethasundergoneanevolutionfromARPANETtotheWorldWideWeb,duringwhichmanykeytechnologiesandstandardshaveemerged.DevelopmentstageoftheInternet010203TCP/IPprotocolfamilyTCP/IPprotocolfamilyisasetofprotocolsusedfornetworkcommunication,includingTransmissionControlProtocol(TCP)andInternetProtocol(IP).TCP/IPHierarchyTheTCP/IPprotocolfamilyisdividedintofourlevels,namelytheapplicationlayer,transportlayer,networklayer,andlinklayer.TCP/IPhierarchicalfunctionalityEachlayerhasdifferentfunctions,suchastheapplicationlayerresponsiblefordatatransmissionandcommunicationbetweenapplications,andthetransportlayerresponsibleforend-to-enddatatransmission.TCP/IPprotocolfamilyanditshierarchicalstructureNetworkdevicesCommonnetworkdevicesincluderouters,switches,servers,workstations,etc.NetworkservicesCommonnetworkservicesincludeDNS,DHCP,FTP,SMTP,etc.ThefunctionsofnetworkdevicesandservicesThesedevicesandservicesplaydifferentrolesinthenetwork,jointlyrealizingthefunctionsandapplicationsoftheInternet.Commonnetworkdevicesandservices05DatabaseandDataManagementTechnologyBasicconceptofdatabaseAdatabaseisasystemthatstoresandmanagesdata,providingefficientandsecuredatastorage,retrieval,andmanagementfunctions.DatabasetypeclassificationAccordingtodifferentclassificationcriteria,databasescanbedividedintovarioustypes,suchasrelationaldatabases,nonrelationaldatabases,distributeddatabases,etc.BasicconceptsandtypesofdatabasesTheApplicationofSQLLanguageinDatabaseOperationsSQL(StructuredQueryLanguage)isastandardprogramminglanguageusedtomanagerelationaldatabases,whichincludesoperationssuchasquerying,inserting,updating,anddeleting.IntroductiontoSQLLanguageByusingSQLlanguage,userscaneasilyperformvariousoperationsonthedatabase,suchascreatingtables,insertingdata,queryingdata,updatingdata,anddeletingdata.TheapplicationofSQLlanguageindatabaseoperationsOverviewofBigDataProcessingTechnologyWiththeexplosivegrowthofdatavolume,bigdataprocessingtechnologyhasemerged.Itcanefficientlyprocessandanalyzelarge-scaledata,providingvaluableinformationandinsights.要点一要点二IntroductiontoBigDataProcessingTechnologyBigdataprocessingtechnologyincludesdistributedcomputing,streamprocessing,datamining,andanalysistechnologies,whichcanprocessmassiveamountsofdataandextractvaluableinformation,providingsupportforvariousapplications.IntroductiontoBigDataProcessingTechnology06InformationsecurityandpreventionstrategiesMalicioussoftware,suchasransomware,spyware,andadware,caninterferewiththenormaloperationofcomputers,stealpersonalinformation,andevencontrolthevictim'scomputer.Networkattacks,suchasDistributedDenialofService(DDoS)attacks,phishing,andCrossSiteScripting(XSS)attacks,aimtodisruptnetworkservices,stealdata,orengageinidentitytheft.Socialengineering:Utilizingpeople'spsychologicalandbehavioralweaknessestoengageinfraudanddeception,suchasonlinefraudandphishingemails.TypesandCaseAnalysisofInformationSecurityThreats要点三DataencryptionUsingcryptographicalgorithmstoconvertsensitivedataintounrecognizedformats,ensuringthatonlyauthorizedpersonnelcanaccessit.要点一要点二DigitalsignatureVerifiestheintegrityandauthenticityofinformationthroughencryptionalgorithms,ensuringthattheinformationhasnotbeentamperedwithduringtransmission.IdentityauthenticationUsepasswords,tokens,biometrics,andothermethodstoverifyuseridentity,ensuringthatonlyauthorizeduserscanaccessspecificresources.要点三TheapplicationofcryptographicprinciplesininformationsecurityInstallantivirussoftwareandupdatepatches:updateoperatingsystems,applications,andbrowsersinatimelymannertoreducesecurityvulnerabilities.Regularlybackupimportantdatatopreventdatalossordamage.Enhancecybersecurityawareness:Donottrustemails,links,andattachmentsfromunknownsources,andhandlepersonalinformationwithcaution.Usestrongpasswordsandmultifactorauthentication:Avoidusingsimplepasswordsorsharingthesamepasswordwithmultipleaccounts.Suggestionsforpersonalandcorporateinformationprotectionstrategies07ITWorkplaceEnglishCommunicationandInterviewSkillsCommonEnglishvocabularyandexpressionsintheITindustrySummary:MasteringcommonlyusedEnglishvocabularyandexpressionsintheITindustryiskeytoimprovingEnglishcommunicationskillsintheITworkplace.Detaileddescription:TheITindustryinvolvesnumerousprofessionaltermsandtechnicalconcepts,therefore,understandingandmasteringthesevocabularyandexpressionsiscrucialforimprovingcommunicationefficiency,avoidingmisunderstandingsandambiguities.CommonITindustryEnglishvocabularyincludesprofessionaltermsinfieldssuchascloudcomputing,bigdata,artificialintelligence,softwaredevelopment,andnetworksecurity.Atthesametime,itisnecessarytomastersomecommonlyusedabbreviationsandphrases,suchasTCP/IP,HTTP,FTP,RAM,ROM,etc.SelfintroductionandquestionansweringskillsduringtheinterviewprocessSummary:Selfintroductionandansweringquestionsareveryimportantpartsoftheinterviewprocessandrequiremasteryofcertainskills.Detaileddescription:Intheselfintroductionsection,applicantsneedtobrieflyandclearl