Unit+2+Out+of+this+world+Grammar+and+Usage+ Integrated+Skills+课件-【知识精讲精研】高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第三册

Unit2OutofthisworldGrammarandUsage&IntegratedSkillsVocabulary1.crucialbecrucialto/for...对……至关重要playacrucialrole/partin...在……中起至关重要的作用Itiscrucialthat…至关重要的是……练习：Thislastpointis________.crucial2.comprisebecomprisedof.…包括/包含……，由……组成或构成练习：Theseobjects__________functionsanddataofthesystem.comprise3.foundationlaya(firm/solid)foundationfor…为……打下（坚实的）基础foundvt.创建，创办；兴建（城镇或国家）；把……建立在。befoundedon…建立在……基础上（近义词组为bebasedon）foundern.创办者，发起人练习：Itlaidsolid___________forthedevelopmentofthelocalarea.foundation4.plaintosee相当于clear或obvious。练习：It's_____toseethatstudentsshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.plainLead-inDoyouknowwhattheyare?GalileotelescopeFAST(Five-hundred-meterApertureSphericalTelescope)500米口径球面射电望远镜，也被称为“中国天眼”Let’swatchavideooftelescope!ReadingReadthearticleonpage20andfillinthetable.TheuseoftelescopestoexplorespaceTimeBreakthroughsUseIn1990TheKeplerSpaceTelescopeInrecentyearsTodetectcommunicationsignalsbetweenthestarsintheuniverseTheHubbleSpaceTelescopeToseefurtherthanground-basedtelescopes;toplayacrucialroleinthediscoveryofthemysteriousdarkenergyIn2009TosearchforEarth-sizeplanetsorbitingotherstarsFASTGrammarWhatissubject?主语即“动作的发出者”（主谓宾结构中）或者“表述的对象”（主系表结构中），一般放在句首，有时也放在中间或者句尾。充当主语的可以是名词、代词；也可以是短语、不定式；甚至可以是整个句子。1).名词/代词/数词做主语2).不定式/名词化短语做主语3).从句做主语4).

“it”充当形式主语，真正的主语则放在句尾Findthesentenceswithsubjectclausesandfillthebox.1.ThatHubbleisbasedinspaceallowsittoseefurtherthanground-basedtelescopes,…2.Whether

lifeonotherplanetsdoesexistisyettobeproved,butthesignsarepromising...3.Itisclear

thattelescopesarecrucialtoolsforspaceexplorationandthatdevelopingtherequiredtechnologywillhelpastronomersallovertheworldmakeexcitingdiscoveries.4.Howmuch

wewilllearnfromthetelescopesismerelylimitedbyourimagination.thatwhetheritWorkingouttherulesSubjectclausesSubjectclauses主语从句的连接词：连接词连接代词连接副词that，whether，ifwhat,which,who,whom,whose,whatever，whichever,whoever,whomeverwhen,where,why,howSubjectclauses一、that引导的主语从句1.that在主语从句中不充当句子成分，也没有含义，只起连接作用，但通常不能省略。ThatLucywasadmittedtotheuniversitymadeusveryhappy.露西被这所大学录取了，我们非常开心。Thattheorymustgohandinhandwithpracticeisaprincipleweshouldalwayskeepinmind.理论必须与实践相结合是我们应该永远牢记的一项原则。Subjectclauses2.that引导的从句作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将that引导的主语从句后置，that不能省略。常用it作形式主语代替that从句的句型有以下几种：（1）It+be+形容词（obvious，true，natural，likely，possible，certain，etc.）+that从句.Itisobviousthatyou'vemadeabigmistake.显然，你犯了一个大错。Sheworkssohard.Itiscertainthatshewilldoverywellintheexam.她学习很用功。她一定会在这次考试中考得很好。注意!在“Itisnecessary/important/essential/natural+that从句”中，从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。Itisnecessarythatyou(should)remembertheseEnglishwords.你有必要记住这些英语单词。Subjectclauses（2）It+be+名词短语（nowonder，anhonor，apity，goodnews，nosurprise，afact，ashame，etc.）+that从句。»Hestayeduptillmidnightlastnight.Itisnowonderthathefeelssosleepytoday.昨晚他熬夜到午夜。难怪他今天感觉这么困。»Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.她犯这样的错误真是遗憾。»It'snosurprisethatourteamhaswonthegame.我们队赢了这场比赛不足为奇。（3）It+be+过去分词（said，believed，reported，thought，expected，decided，agreed，suggested，etc.）+that从句。»Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.据说，有大约20%的25岁至34岁的人和他们的父母住在一起，相比于1991年的16%。»Itisreportedthatnopassengerswereinjuredintheaccident.据报道，这起事故中没有乘客受伤。注意!当过去分词是suggested，advised，ordered，requested，required等表示建议、要求、命令等的词语时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语用"should+动词原形"的形式，should可以省略。»Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.有人建议会议延期举行。Subjectclauses二、whether/if引导的主语从句Subjectclauseswhether/if在从句中不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用，意为“是否”。whether引导的主语从句可置于句首，也可置于句末；而if引导的主语从句不能置于句首，只能置于句末。»Whetherthemeetingwillbeheldontimeisstillaquestionbecauseofthehurricane.由于飓风的影响，这次会议是否会如期举行还是个问题。»Itisstillunderdiscussionwhether/iftheoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotel.是否该把这个旧的公共汽车站换成一家现代化的旅馆仍在讨论中。Subjectclauses三、连接代词引导的主语从句连接代词who，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever等引导主语从句时，既起连接作用，同时在从句中又充当主语、宾语或表语等成分。Whobroketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.昨天是谁打破的玻璃还不清楚。WhatIreallyneedatpresentisyourunderstandingandsupport.我现在真正需要的是你的理解和支持。Whichcaryouwillchoosetobuymakesnodifference.你选择买哪辆车没有什么区别。Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.任何人触犯法律都应受到惩罚。Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.这里所说的一切都必须保密。Subjectclauses四、连接副词引导的主语从句连接副词

引导主语从句时,既是连接词，又在主语从句中作状语；where作地点状语；when作时间状语；why作原因状语；how作方式状语。连接副词引导主语从句时，也常用it作形式主语。Whenweshallholdoursportsmeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.我们还没有决定何时举行运动会。Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlestoscientists.对科学家们来说，生命在地球上是如何开始的是最大的困惑之一。ApplyingtherulesB1Circlethemistakeandcorrectthemintheblanks.1Thespacemissionwentsowellwasbeyondourexpectations.SubjectclausePredicateverblackofawordintroducingtheclauseThatthespacemissionwentsowellwasbeyondourexpectations.2Whethertheyareabletogrowmorevegetablesdependonhowmuchtimeittakes.Subjectclause（）v.thirdpersonsingularWhethertheyareabletogrowmorevegetablesdependsonhowmuchtimeittakes.3Itwasnotclearhowlonghewillstayonthespacestation.preparatorysubjectSubjectclausewrongtenseItisnotclearhowlonghewouldstayonthespacestation.4WhatthelunarprobedidnotlandwasaworryforthepeoplebackontheEarth.SubjectclausetheclauseisastatementThatthelunarprobedidnotlandwasaworryforthepeoplebackontheEarth.5ThatmakestheChinesepeoplehappyisthatChinahassuccessfullylaunchedaspacerocket.SubjectclausetheclauseisaquestionWhatmakestheChinesepeoplehappyisthatChinahassuccessfullylaunchedaspacerocket.B2Completethepassagewiththecorrectsubjectclausesintheboxbelow.ahowitlaidthefoundationforfutureexplorationbthatthedatagatheredbythemprovidedvaluableinformationcwhatadvancesChinawillmakeinthefuturedwhyChinaisoneoftheworldleadersinspaceexplorationewhatamazedthewholenationinOctober2010TheChineseLunarExplorationProgramisalsoknownastheChang’eProgram.RunbytheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration,China’sspaceagency,itcomprisesthreestages:orbiting,landing,andreturning.Theprogram’sfirstspacecraft,Chang’e1Lunarorbiter,waslaunchedinOctober2007.ItsuccessfullyorbitedandscannedtheMoon._____wasthatChang’e2reachedtheMoonwithinjustfivedays.eWithbettertechniquesandequipment,Chang’e2completedamoredetailedscanoftheMoonbeforeheadingintodeepspace.ThesuccessofthetwospacecraftshowedtheworldhowfarChinesespaceexplorationhadcome.Itwasevident_____.December2013witnessedtheChinesespacecraft’sfirstsoftlandingontheMoon.ThelandingofChang’e3provedtobeasuccessand______wasplaintosee.InJanuary2019Chang’e4succeededinlandingonthefarsideoftheMoon.baInDecember2020,Chang’e5successfullycollectedandreturnedlunarsamples.Chinahassuccessfullycompletedthethreestagesoftheprogram.However,_______isanybody’sguess.cIntegratedskillsListeningA1Circletheincorrectinformationinthefalsestatementsandcorrectitintheblanks.(1)

Jennysawthefilmlastnight.T/F(2)

JennyandBobbothenjoythefilmtheysaw.T/F(3)

Jennybelievesthere’slifeonotherplanets,butBobisnotsure.

T/F(4)

Bobhopesthealiensarefriendly.T/F(5)

ThealiensinthebookcometotheEarthtodestroyus.T/F(6)

Jennythinksthebookisboring.T/F(Jenny→Bob,Bob→Jenny)(destroy→save)(boring→exciting)ListeningA2Listentotheconversationagainandcompletethenotesbelow.fire-breathingbearsThosescientistsdestroyeverythingintelligenttranslatetheirlanguagefightoffBReadthecomicstripsandfindoutthebasicelementsinthestory.ReadingSettingCharactersOnespringeveningintheparknexttoPaul’shousePaul,aboy,andAlf,agreyalienPlot:

Paulhearsabignoiseintheparkandgoestoinvestigate.Aspaceshiplandsintheparkandoutstepsanalien.

ReadingPlot2-4:

ThegreyalieninvitesPaultothespaceship.Paulentersthespaceshipwiththealien.Paulandthealienflyintoouterspacetovisitanotherplanet.

ReadingDiscussionHowdoyoufeelwhenencouteringaliens?Howdoyoubehavewhenyouareterrified?Writing如何写想象类作文本单元的中心话题是“地球之外”。写作要求是针对一个漫画片段，写出一个遇见外星人之后，被外星人邀请去外星球参观的故事。本单元的写作项目属于新课标中说明文或记叙文中的“想象类”作文。这类作文要求学生在头脑中创造出从未接触过的甚至根本不存在的新形象。想象类作文允许自由想象、自主发挥的空间较大，因此需要灵活的思维能力和丰富的想象能力。要写好此类作文，应注意以下几点：1.首先要确定写作主题。确定主题，明确写作中心，是写好作文的前提，想象类作文也不例外。因为想象虽然可以天马行空，但总要围绕一个中心进行，这个中心就是主题。2.想象美好，立意深刻。想象类作文必须要有一个“美好”的中心思想。如果只是瞎编一个热闹离奇的故事，就失去了想象的意义。3.构思要巧妙，想象要合理。构思和想象是写好此类作文的关键，既要合乎逻辑，又要匠心独运，或启迪思维，或引人入胜。4.列出写作提纲，合理安排顺序。通过合理想象列出写作素材，然后筛选确定；最后再根据写作对象的特点合理安排顺序。5.前后一致，首尾呼应。不管允许想象的空间有多大，都要做到符合逻辑，顺理成章，这一点对于写好此类作文尤其重要。6.此类作文大多采用三段式结构。首先可以简要、巧妙地引出文章的话题，引起读者的阅读兴趣。其次是文章主体要按照一定顺序展开想象，说明想象的主体内容。在最后一部分中，可以再进行总结或对前景进行期待。开篇常用：1.SometimesIdreamaboutmeetinganalien.However,oneday,…2.Iimaginelifeonanotherplanetfromtimetotime.Oneday,…3.Itisfascinatingtoimaginelifeonanotherplanet.4.Iamcuriousaboutlifeonanotherplanet.表达可能性常用：1.IgotontheUFOwiththealienandittookmetothedarkspace.…2.Icanstillrememberthefriendlinessofthealien.….3.Initsplanet,peoplecan...4.Whenarriving,thefirstthingIsawwas...文章结尾常用：1.Whatanunforgettableexperience!2.I'llneverforgetwhatIhaveseenonthatplanet!3.Inmyopinion,thebeautifullifeonthatplanetwillbeturnedintorealityontheEarthoneday.D