非谓语动词间句法功能

区分三大非谓语动词间的句法功能

人教版Book7Unit3语法1课时1.动词不定式的基本形式主动语态被动语态一般式完成式进行式

完成进行式

todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonetobedoing\tohavebeendoing

\

2.分词/动名词的基本形式主动语态被动语态现动在名分词词一般式完成式过去分词

doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone\done3.动名词动词不定式分词主语宾语表语定语状语补语4.1作主语

不定式多表具体的动作，动名词多表抽象习惯的动作（1）不定式做主语不定式作主语时,谓语用单数，为了平衡句子,通常用it作形式主语,构成句型:It’s+n.(adj.)+for(of)sb.+todosth.Tofindoutwhostolethemoneyisnoteasy.It’snoteasy(foryou)tofindoutwhostolethemoney.5.不定式的复合结构:forsbtodo,ofsbtodoItisusefulforyoutolearnsomespokenEnglish.Itisverykindofyoutocomehere.Itisfoolishofhimtodosuchathing.在某些形容词如clever,good,nice,kind,foolish,careless,right,wrong,rude,

impolite等词之后的不定式前，常加of短语,这是对人做某事的赞扬，责备或感激等。6.．.eg.It’sworthwhiledoingit.It’snousedoingit.It’sawasteoftimedoingit(2)动名词做主语时，it也可作形式主语．用于这种形式的是一些特定的adj和n，但较少,如worthwhile,worth,useless,nouse,nogood,fun,awasteoftime等7.2作宾语I’mpreparingtotaketheexaminationnextweek.（1）只接todo作宾语的动词attempt,afford,agree,arrange,beg,choose,decide,determine,expect,hope,intend,long,manage,offer,plan,pretend,prepare,promise,refuseseek,wish,want等8.allow,mind,miss,enjoy,escape,conside（考虑）,admit(承认)，advise,appreciate，avoid,finish,practise,suggest,delay（延迟）,imagine,keep,quit（离开）,resist(抵抗),risk（冒险）,beusedto,lookforwardto（期望）,objectto（反对）,payattentionto,等

（2）只接doing动名词作宾语的动词9.(3)即可接todo又可接doing，但意义区别不大的词有：like,hate,begin,start,love,continue等．．注意:start,begin后面接todo和doing无多大区别。但在下列情况下，多用动词不定式：a．表自然界变化：Itstartedtorain.Snowstartedtomeltasspringcame.接表心理活动的词，如understand,know,realize等Ibegantorealizemymistakes.begin,start本身为进行时：Peoplearebeginningtotakesomemeasurestostoppollution.10.(4)有些动词后可接todo或doing，但意义截然不同。trytodotrydoingmeantodomeandoingforgettodoforgetdoingremembertodorememberdoingstoptodostopdoing尽力去做某事试一试，试试看打算做某事意味着做某事忘记做过了某事忘记要做某事记得要做某事记得做过了某事停下（某事）去做某事把某事停下来11.goondoinggoontodo

regrettodoregretdoing(5)need,require,want译作“需要”时，跟doing作宾语，主动表被动，相当于tobedone.Theclassroomneedscleaning/tobecleaned

继续做同一件事继续做另一件事遗憾地要做某事后悔做了某事can’thelptodocan’thelpdoing情不自禁做某事不能帮助做某事12.(6)介词but/except表除了，其前有实义动词do时，but/except后的不定式to要省略，否则to则不省.我们用一句话概括就是：有do无to，有to无do．ShehasnochoicebuttowaitHecoulddonothingbutwait.13.3作表语不定式，动名词作表语多说明主语的内容，不定式常说明具体的一次行为，动名词多表抽象习惯分词：现在分词：令人…的过去分词：感到…的Myjobistoteach/teachingyouEnglish.Shelookeddisappointed.Thenewsisverydisappointing.14.（1）不定式做定语

a作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词往往存在着三种逻辑关系，主谓关系，动宾关系，同位语关系Aliceisalwaysthefirststudenttocome

to

school.(主谓关系)Tomhasalargefamilytosupport.(动宾关系)Myfathermadeapromisetobuymeabicycle.(同位语关系)4做定语15.B在动宾关系时，不定式动词为不及物动词,应在该动词后加上一个介词Pleasepassmesomepapertowrite

on.Shehasanicepentowrite

with.Heboughtaflatforthefamilytolive

in.16.c当名词被thefirst,thelast等序数词以及

theonly,形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式作定语，而不管动作是否已完成．

Heistheonlypersontoknowthetruth.Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.

d以“即将发生的动作”修饰事物时，可用不定式做定语．Hewillwritemorebooksintheyearstocome.Thestudentsarepreparingfortheexaminationtotakeplacesoon.17.(2)分词做定语：分词前置：

Wecanseetherisingsun.(表正在进行主动Heisaretiredworker.（表被动完成）分词后置：Therewasagirlsittingthere.Thisisthequestiongiven.Thereistenminutesleft.单个的分词做定语分词短语，个别分词如given,left等时要后置．18.(3)动名词与分词做定语的区别：动名词做定语表示其名词的用途现在分词做定语表示名词所进行的动作asleepingbaby=ababywhoissleepingasleepingcar=acarforsleeping19.

5作宾语补足语（1）宾补为todo的动词

如：asksbtodosth类似动词有allow,forbid,prefer,force,announce,press,inspire,request,advise,remind,beg,command,drive，train,cause,require，order,warn,encourage,want,lead,teach,permit,wish等20.（2）宾补为省去to的不定式,被动时需加上toa.表示感觉或心理状态的动词see/watch/notice/observe/hear/listento/

feel等Theysawtheboyfallfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.b.使役动词have,make,let

但无makesbdoingsth的结构

21.6作状语（动词不定式与分词）Shewasverysurprisedtohearthenews.（原因）HewenthometofindhisoldfriendTomwaitingforhim.（结果）

a.表结果时only

todo表意料之外，onlydoing表情理之中Ihurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.(意料之外)Hegotupearlyonlycatchingthefirstbus(情理之中）.(1)动词不定式表目的，结果，原因22.B不定式用作结果状语时，还可以用于

so…asto…/such…asto…(如此…以致于…)，too…to…adj./adv./n.+enoughtodo…

Jimgotupsoearlyastocatchthefirstbus.Theproblemistoodifficultforustoworkout.Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.23.c主动形式表被动意义的不定式eg:Thequestionisverydifficulttoanswer.Thearmchairiscomfortabletositin.主语＋be+adj.+todo

能用于此句型的形容词有：difficult,easy,comfortable,hard,pleasant，interesting,dangerous,等24.

(2)分词做状语可以表示时间，原因，条件，让步，伴随，方式，结果Nothavingreceived(=AsIhadn’treceived)ananswer,Iwrotehimaletter.Hesatatthetable,readingtheChinaDaily

andreadtheChinaDaily25.改错：1.Seeingfromthetopofthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.

seen2.Beingdark,shedidn’tdaretogooutalone.

It26.(3)a分词的独立主格结构：由主语+分词构成Everythingdone(=Aftereverythingwasdone),theywenthome.Motherbeingillinbed（=BecauseMotherwasillinbed）,hecouldn’tgotowork.Timepermitting（=Iftimepermits）,Ishallstayhereforanothertwodays．27.b.动名词的复合结构动名词结构作主语,其逻辑主语用所有格one’s，作宾语,其逻辑主语用宾格或所有格均可one’s/sb，逻辑主语是无生命名词时,不管做主语还是宾语，只用普通格1)

Tom’s/His/Thatgirl’sbeinglatemadetheteacherangry.2)TheteacherwasangryatTom’s/Tom

beinglate.

his/his

thatgirl’s/thatgirl3）Arethereanyhopeofourteamwinningthe