软件项目管理部分课后习题答案

软件项目管理部分课后习题答案

1、Identifythemaintypesofpersonnelemployedinaninformation

systemsdepartment.

(1)Requirementselicitationandanalysis

Thismightinvolve:dependingontheenvironmentandtheparticular

circumstancesoftheproject(e.g.isitbeingdevelopedforaninternalor

externalclient?).

TheISO12207suggeststhat'humanfactorsengineeringspecifications/

wouldbeproducedatthisstagewhichimpliesthepossibledeploymentof

Otherspecialistsmightbeinvolvedtodealwithother,technicalareas,for

examplesecurity.

Note,also,thatyouwouldhavetohavesomeavailabletoprovidedetails

oftheirneeds.

(2)Architecturaldesign

-manyorganizationsnowhaveasinglepersonorgroupthatis

responsibleforensuringnewsystemcomponentsaredesignedaccordingto

organizationalstandard

Softwaredesigners

(3)Detaileddesign

Softwaredesigners,softwaredevelopers

(4)Code/test

Softwaredesigners,softwaredevelopers

(5)Integration

Softwaredesigners,softwaredevelopers(todealwithproblems)

hardwaredesigners,testers

(6)Qualificationtesting

Systemtesters,end-users,softwaredesignersanddevelopers(toresolve

problemsandissues)

(7)Installation

Businessanalysts,technicalsupport,trainers,localusermanagement

2、Asoftwarehousehasdevelopedacustomisedorderprocessingsystem

foraclient.You

areanemployeeofthesoftwarehousethathasbeenaskedtoorganizea

trainingcoursefortheend-usersofthesystem.Atpresent,auserhandbook

hasbeenproduced,butnospecifictrainingmaterial.Aplanisnowneededfor

theprojectwhichwillsetupthedeliveryofthetrainingcourses.Theproject

canbeassumedtohavebeencompletedwhenthefirsttrainingcoursestarts.

Amongthethingsthatwillneedtobeconsideredarethefollowing:

?Trainingmaterialswillneedtobedesignedandcreated;

?Atimetablewillneedtobedraftedandagreed;

?Date(s)forthecoursewillneedtobearranged;

?Thepeopleattendingthecoursewillneedtobeidentifiedandnotified;

?Roomsandcomputerfacilitiesforthecoursewillneedtobeprovided

for.

Questions:

A.Identifythemainstakeholdersforthisproject;

B.Drawupastatementoftheobjectivesforthisproject;

C.Fortheobjectives,identifythemeasuresofeffectiveness;

1

Mainstakeholders

Thesemightinclude:

?Clientmanagement

?Usermanagement-atalowerlevelthantheabove,theywouldshare

thehigher

managementconcerns,butalsohaveoperationalonessuchascoverin

theofficewhenstaffattendtrainingcourse.

?Users

?Trainers

?Technicalsupport-setupinatrainingenvironment

?Premisesmanagement（培训场所管理人员）-availabilityofroomsfor

training?Cateringservices（餐饮月艮务）-toproviderefreshmentsfor

coursedelegates?Reprographicsservices（复印服务）-toproduce

copiesoftrainingmaterialcorrectly

andontime

Objectives

'Tohaveinplacebydd/mm/yyallthematerialsandarrangements

neededforthedeliveryofthetrainingcoursesrelatingtotheuserofthe

accountingpackageABCatorganizationXYZwithinthebudgetspecified".

Notethattheactualdeliveryofthematerialandtrainingofstaffisjust

outsidetheboundaryofthe'project'.

Measuresofeffectiveness

Anobviousoneisthatthetrainingcoursescanactuallygoahead.

However,thisisratherlateifthingsaremissing.Analternativewouldbeto

produceachecklistthatcanbeusedondd/mm/yytoensurethatthe

necessaryarrangementsareinplace,e.g.

?Roomsandequipmentbooked

?Delegatesnotified

?Trainingmaterialsprepared

横线部分为我加注（第2章）

1.ListtheproductscreatedbytheStepWiseplanningprocess.

Thiscanbeseenasafollow-uptoExercise2.6intext.Thepointersfor

thisshowhowthestepsintheStepWiseplanningprocesscouldmapontothe

varioussectionsofaplanningdocumentwhichcanbeseenasthefinal

deliverableofplanning.Thefurtherexerciseineffectasksthestudentsto

identifyintermediateproductsintheprocess.

Ifinditusefultoencouragestudentstodiscusshowtheyaregoingtodo

anexercise-afterallthisisasubjecttodowithplanning.Oneapproach

wouldbetogothrougheachofthestepsintheStepWiseframework,

identifyingtheproductscreated.Youmightendupwithsomethinglikethis.

0.Selectproject:：feasibilityreport

1.Identifyprojectscopeandobjectives：Termsofreference(责权范围)

2.Identifyprojectinfrastructure：Standards,proceduresrelatingto

progressreporting,etc

3.Analyseprojectcharacteristics：Technicalplan,riskregister

4.Identifytheproductsandactivities：Productbreakdownstructure,

productdescriptions,

2

productflowdiagrams,Ideal'activitynetwork

5.Estimateeffortforeachactivity：Scheduleoftaskdurationsandcosts

6.Identifyactivityrisks.Updatedscheduleoftaskdurationsandcosts,

updatedriskregister

7.Allocateresources：Ganttchart

8.Review/publicizeplan:Publicizedplan

9.Lowerlevelplanning:Detailedplans

2.Whatproductsmustexistbeforetheactivity'testprogram'cantake

place?Whatproductsdoesthisactivitycreate?

Pre-test.Softwarespecification,testingenvironment,testcases(including

inputdetailsandexpectedresults),softwaretobetested,

Post-testActualresults,listofdiscrepancies（不一致'性），errorreports

5.Question4intheFurtherExercisesforChapter1referstoascenario

relatingtoatrainingexercise.Usingthatscenario,drawupaProduct

BreakdownStructure,aProductFlowDiagramandapreliminaryactivity

network.

3

2.P57

?Illiness;

?Othercommitmentsinterferingwithworke.g.familiy,work;

?Hardwareorsoftwarefacilitiesnotbeingavailablewhenneeded;

?Ambiguityintheassignmentspeficifcationleadintgto

misunderstandings;

?Lackofunderstandingofthetechniquestobeused

?3.discountedcashflowbetterthannetprofitorreturnon

investment?

?DCFtakesmoreaccountofthepossibilitythatinvestmentmightmore

profitably

beplacedelsewherethantheproposedproject;

?Projectswherethemajorbenefitsareonlyexperiencedafterseveral

yearsare

notfavoured.Thereismoreuncertaintyaboutestimatesofincomeand

costsof

thefuturethatyougaze.

?NPVvaluescanbecalculatedforanumberofdifferentfeasibleinterest

rates-

differentprojectsmightbefavouredasaresult.

5.Detailsaregivenbelowoftheestimatedincomeandoutgoingsof

ProjectsA.Calculatethereturnoninvestment,thepaybackperiodandthenet

presentvalueoftheprojectandcommentinwhichappearstobethemost

attractive.Assumeadiscountrateof5%

Project

A

4

year

01234四、

income

42000470005100040000

outgoingscashflow120000-120000100003200010000370009000

420001200028000

19000

ROI

3.96%

discount

rate

10.95240.90700.86380.8227

NPV

-12000030476.1933560.0936281.1823035.67

NPV

3353.13

accum.cashflow-120000-88000-51000-900019000

payback

4

1.Abuildingsocietyhasalonghistoryofimplementingcomputer-based

information

systemstosupporttheworkofitsbranches.Itusesaproprietary

structuredsystemsanalysisanddesignmethod.Ithasbeendecidedtocreate

acomputermodelofthepropertymarket.Thiswouldattemptforexampleto

calculatetheeffectofchangesofinterestratesonhousevalues.Thereissome

concernthattheusualmethodologyusedforISdevelopmentwouldnotbe

appropriateforthenewproject.

(a)Whymighttherebethisconcernandwhatalternativeapproaches

shouldbeconsidered?

(b)Outlineaplanforthedevelopmentofthesystemwhichillustratesthe

applicationofyourpreferredmethodologyforthisproject.

a)Withtraditionalbusinesssystemsanalysisthereisusuallyanthat

managersarehopingtostreamlineinsomeway.Therearepeoplewho

understandthecurrentlydone.Theycanhelptheanalystdrawupprecise

requirementstobemet.Thereis,inshort,aoftheapplicationthatistobe

built.

Withacomputermodelofthepropertymarketthereisprobablyno

equivalentofthiswell-definedclericalmodel.

?Theanalystswillthereforehavetoseekideasabouttheworkingofsuch

amodel

fromavarietyofsources.Experts,suchasexperiencedestateagents,

maybeabletocontributeobservations,butthesearelikelytobefragmentary

rulesofthumb.Theacademicliteratureoneconomicmodelingmightbe

studied.

?Intheendtheanalystswillprobablyhavetoresorttobuildinga

prototypeofthe

model.Theywillthentrialthistoseeifitbehavesinasimilarwaytothe

propertymarket.

?Thereisalwaysthechancethatthepropertymarketbehavesinjusttoo

complex

andinconsistentmannerforacomputermodeltomimicaccurately.

Allthissuggeststhatt

b)Expandingonthediscussionin1(a),thefollowingisonemethodof

working:

?Defineobjectives:whatdoesthemanagementoftheorganizationwant

fromthe

model?

?Surveyexistingsoftwaresolutionsandtheliteratureonthesubject.Has

anyonedone

thisalready?

5

?Consultexperts.JAD(jointapplicationdevelopment)sessionsare

mentionedintext

asonepossibleapproach.Therearemanyothertechniquestoelicit

relevantknowledgefromdomainexpertswhichshouldbeconsidered.

?Basedontheabovedrawupaninitialprototypedesign

?Buildprototype

?Testit,probablyusingrealdatafromtherecentpast;youcancompare

theresultsof

themodelwithwhatactuallyhappened

?Analysethecausesofdiscrepancies差异；modifythemodelandrerun

?Stopthiscyclewhenyourunoutoftime,orarenotgettingsignificant

improvements?Carryoutageneralvalidationofhowaccuratethemodelit

is,howeasyitistouse-

forexampleistheinputdataneededeasytocollect?

?Writeuprecommendations

3.Aninvoicingsystemistohavethefollowingcomponents:amend

invoice,produceinvoice,producemonthlystatements,recordcashpayment,

clearpaidinvoicesfromdatabase,createcustomerrecords,deletecustomer.

(a)Whatphysicaldependenciesgoverntheorderinwhichthese

transactionsareimplemented?

a)

Giventhedatastructureabove,theordermightbe:

?Createcustomer

?Deletecustomer

?Produceinvoice

?Amendinvoice

?Payment

?Clearpaidinvoices

?Producemonthlystatements

(b)Howcouldthesystembebrokendownintoincrementswhichwould

beofsomevaluetotheusers(hint-thinkabouttheproblemsoftaking

existingdetailsontoadatabasewhenasystemisfirstimplemented).

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b)Whenanapplicationlikethisisinstalled,

(1.1)carefulthoughthastogointohowtheinformationaboutexisting

accountsistobecarriedovertothenewapplication.

(1.2)Obviouslydetailsaboutexistingcustomerswillneedtobesetup

beforethenewapplicationcanbecomeoperational.

---Itwouldbehelpfultoreleasethefunctionalitytosetupcustomer

detailswellin

advanceofthechange-over.

(2)Detailsofinvoicesthathavealreadybeensentoutbuthavenotyet

beenpaidwouldalsoneedtoberecordedforthenewapplication.

---Iftheinvoiceshavealotofcomplexdetailitmightbeworthreleasing

thatfunctionalityearlier,eveniftheuserswouldhavetotransfertheinvoice

numberandamountduetotheirexistingaccountingsystem.Itmightatleast

savethemtypingiftheoldsystemisapurelyclericalone.

五、

成绩仅根据第2和6题批改，第3题不需要看

2.Ifyouwereaskedasanexperttoprovideanestimateoftheeffort

neededtomakecertainchangestoanexistingpieceofsoftware,what

informationwouldyouliketohavetohandtoassistyouinmakingthat

estimate?

Theestimationoftheefforttochangeasoftwarecomponentrequiresa

differentapproachtothedevelopmentofcompletelynewsoftwareasamajor

factoristhestructureoftheexistingsoftware.

Theestimatormightneedtoknow:

?Thenatureofthechangesrequired

?Ideallytheyshouldbetoldaboutthereasonsforthechange,asthey

maybeableto

suggestalternativesandmoreeconomicwaysofmeetingthe

requirement

?Thestructureofthesoftwaretobechanged

?Someideaofwhichpartsofthesoftwareneedchanging

?Whowillbecarryingoutthechanges-willitbesomeonewhois

alreadyfamiliarwith

thesoftwaretobechanged,orwilladditionaltimehavetobeallocated

forfamiliarization?

?Evaluation,Tools,Risk,Personnel,Delay,Cost

3.（止匕题不需要改）Asmallapplicationmaintainsatelephonedirectory.

Thedatabasefortheapplicationcontainsthefollowingdatatypes:

Staffreference

Surname

Forenames

Title

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Departmentcode

Roomnumber

Telephoneextension

E-mailaddress

Faxnumber

Transactionsareneededwhich:

ii.setupnewentries;

iii.amendexistingentries

iv.deleteentries

v.allowenquirerstolistonlinethedetailsforaparticularmemberof

staff

vi.produceacompletelistingofthetelephonedirectoryentriesin

alphabeticalorder

a)UsethisscenariotoproduceanestimatedMarkIIFPcount.Listallthe

assumptionsyouwillneedtomake.

b)Anotherrequirementcouldbetoproducethelistingin(v)in

departmentalorder.InyourviewshouldthisincreaseFPcountandifsoby

howmuch?

关于相同功能，工作量是否应当重复计算？

1.显示2.报错(不同原因)

b)Itcanarguedthatthedatapresentedinthetworeportsarethesame,

sothattheyarelogicallythesameandsoshouldbecountedonlyonce.Most

developmentenvironmenthaveeasytousefeaturesforsortingdataandso

theactualamountofworkneededtoproducethesecondreportwould

probablybenegligible.

However,ifyouhaveeverytriedtolookupdetailsinanunsortedlist,the

factthatitissortedcanprovideconsiderablevalue.

ThereisthereforeadebateamongFPpractitionersaboutwhetherFPs

shouldreflectthevalueofthesystemtotheuserortheamountofworkthat

isneededtodevelopit.Thisisparticularlyanissueinrelationtothe

questionofreusablecomponents.

8

6.Giventheprojectdatabelow:

a)Whatitemsaresizedrivers?

inputs,outputs,entityaccesses(systemusersforcertainaspects)

b)Whatitemsareproductivitydrivers?Programminglanguage

c)Whataretheproductivityratesforprogramminglanguagesx,yandz?

x10FPsaday

[0.58*(210+469)+1.66*(40+125)+0.26*(420+1406)]/(30+85)=y7

FPsadayz12FPsaday

d)WhatwouldbetheestimatedeffortforprojectsXandYusingaMarkII

functionpointcount?

ProjectX:262/7i.e.37days

9

ProjectY705/7i.e.101days

e)WhatwouldbetheestimatedeffortforXandYusinganapproximate

analogyapproach?ProjectX-Project522days,(languageisnotconsidered)

ProjectY-Project3108days.

f)Whatwouldhavebeenthebestestimatingmethodiftheactualeffort

forXturnsouttobe30daysandforYturnsouttobe120days?Canyou

suggestwhytheresultsareastheyareandhowtheymightbeimproved.

Ifweuseameasurementbasedonthepercentageerror,calculatedas

absolute(actual-estimate)/actualwegetthefollowing:

Thisillustratesthatnooneestimatingmethodcanbeassumedtobethe

mostaccurateinallcases.

TheanalogyestimateforProjectXmighthavebeenimprovedby

adjustingforthefactthatProjectXistobewritteninprogramminglanguagey

whileProject5waswritteninprogramminglanguagez

八-Ju-、

1.题目：

ActivityDependsonDuration

(days)

A5

BA7

CB6

DA5

ED10

FB15

GB8

HG8

IC4

JG4

KE,F5

LI,H3

(a)CreateaPERTactivitynetworkusingthefollowingdetails:referto

figure6-16

(b)Calculatetheearliestandlateststartandenddatesandthefloat

associatedwitheachactivity.Fromthisidentifythecriticalpath.

10

八、

第七章风险管理

1.InthecaseofFiona'sproject,therisksmightinclude:P150

?Lackofclientcommitment-asthiscouldberegardedas'onlyastudent

project'itmaybedifficulttogettheclienttospareadequatetimefor

suchthingsastheclarificationofrequirements

?Conflictsbetweenuniversityandbusinessrequirements-thebusiness

might

want,forexample,theprojecttocompletedtoatimescalethatdoesnot

fitinwiththetimewhentheuniversityexpectstheprojecttobedone?

Technicalproblems-including:

oFiona'splacementwasspentasasupportanalystandthenasa

networkmanager.Shemayhavehadlittlerecentsystem-buildingpractice

andmayfindthatasaconsequencethatsherunsintotechnicalproblems

oThehardware/softwareenvironmentattheuniversitymaybedifferent

fromthatofthebusinesswheretheapplicationisactuallygoingtobe

used.2.

a)Provideanestimateoftheriskexposure(asafinancialvalue)forthe

riskthatthe

seniorfirefightermightnotbeabletoattendatthetimesneeded.

Thecostofanadverseoutcomewouldbe£2000.

Thereisa20%(0.20)probabilityoftheadverseoutcome.Therisk

exposureistherefore20%of£2000,thatis£400.

b)Suggestpossibleriskmitigationactions.

Giventheriskexposureof£400,therewouldbeacaseofpaying

someoneovertimetocoverforthefirefighter/trainerwhoisbeing

interviewed.

Alternatively,appointmentscouldbemadewithtwotrainersatdifferent

timeswithinthesameweek.Thiswouldnotcompletelyeliminatetherisk,as

itispossibleforemergenciestohappenatthetimesofbotharranged

interviews.

11

5.

?Lackofawarenessoftheapproach

?Unwillingnesstospendadditionaltimeandresourcesonrisk

management

?Developmentmanagersmaywantprojectstogoaheadanddonot

want

projectsponsorstobedeterredbyconsiderationofpossiblefailure

九、第7章P150

3.InExercise7.2youwereaskedtoidentifyrisksunderthefourheadings

ofActors,Technology,StructureandTasksfortheIOEmaintenancegroup

accountsandtheBrightmouthCollegepayrollscenarios.Nowidentifyrisksfor

eachscenariothatrelatetopairsofdomains,forexample,Actors-Techinology,

Actors-Tasksandsoon.

?Actor-Technologye.g.Pc23pe28unfamiliaritywiththenewtechnology.

Thiscould

becausedbythetechnologybeinggenuinelynovel,orbythefactthe

developers

havesimplynothadtheopportunitytouseitpreviously.

?Actor-Taskpc23pe27testgroupnotavailable

?Forexample,aparticulartaskmightbetoodemandingforthenovice

developer

whohappenstobetheonlyonewhoisavailableattherequiredtime.

?Actor-Structure.Organizationalbarriersmaymakeitdifficultforpeople

whoneed

tocommunicatetodoso.Pc30pe36

?Technology-Structure.(Pc24pe29)

Pc22pe24nomachineavailable

Anexampleheremightbewheresoftwareforacontrolsystemhastobe

testedonanexpensivehardwareconfiguration,whichisusedbymorethan

oneteam.Therecouldbeclashesovertheuseofthisvaluableresourceifan

appropriateprocesswasnotinplacetoallocateuserinanorderlyandrational

manner.

?Technology-Task.

?Pc24pe29commercialpackageavailable

Pc29pe35estimatecostwhileusingcommercialpackage

Theexampleimmediatelyaboveconcerningtheshareduseofatesting

facilitycouldalsoapplyheretothetaskoftestingasoftwarecomponentin

thesharedtechnologicalenvironment.

?Structure-Task.2pointsonPc21pe25&extrawork

Forexample,themanagementprocessmightdictatethataparticular

taskcanonlybecarriedoutwhenapprovaltostarthadbeenprovidedby

highermanagement

4、（只分析该项目的主要存在的问题）

lackofstaffexperience

useofcontractors

noveltechnology

real-timeperformanceshortfalls

lackofmonitoring

12

lackriskmanagement

lacknecessarycheckpoints

lackclearrequirements

badfeasibilityevaluation

lackcost-profit/businesscaseevaluation

badschedule/badtimecostestimation

十、

第8章P166

1.需要提交的作业

A.3

Thefollowingmightbediscussed.

Theconcernofateamleadercouldbelockedontothesuccessful

accomplishmentoftheproject.Therearehoweverorganizationalconcernsto

beconsidered.Severalprojects,allimportant,mightberunninginparalleland

usingthebeststaffononeprojectmightbetheexpenseofsomeother.

Otherconcernsmightbeforstaffdevelopment:sometimesriskshaveto

beacceptedsothatstaffcanbedevelopedinnewroles.Allocatingthemost

capablestaffmembertothemostcriticalactivitiesallthetimemightlead,in

thelongerterm,toburn-out

B.Extraone

(a)Drawupanactivitynetworkandcalculatetheearliestfinishforthe

followingproject:

13

学生答案可能是表，也可能是优先网络图如下

(b)Produceatableshowingthenumberofspecialistsofeachtype

neededoneachdayoftheproject.Howmanyofeachtypeofresourcewill

needtoberecruitedfortheprojectasawholeiftheearliestfinishdateisto

bepreserved?

答案：表可以是excel图，也可以是表格填写的每天需要多少人(c)

Whatimpactwouldtherebeontheprojectiftherewereonlytwosystems

designers?答案：只要答出noimpact,并给出延迟任务C到B结束就可以

了，不需要画图。如果是延迟B到C结束则要扣去本题30%分值

?Shortestnon-criticalactivities资源优先分配给最短的活动NoImpact.

UsebufferofactivityCandF

特别注意，不建议将C画到B后方(资源约束不反映在优先网络图上),

这将产生误导，认为B是C的先导任务

14

延迟活动C

15

(d)Whatimpactwouldtherebeontheprojectiftherewasonlyone

systemdesigner,andyouhadthreesoftwarecoders?

答案：只要答出noimpact,并给出任务顺序DBC或DCB都可以给分。

不需要作图

?Shortestcriticalactivities?Othercriticalactivities

?Shortestnon-criticalactivities

?Non-criticalactivitieswithleastfloat?Non-criticalactivities

在没有其它约束情况下，最佳方案：优先保证D,其次B,最后C缓

冲期为2

缓冲期减少为1

16

十二、

Aprojectinvolvesthedesignandbuildingoffoursoftwaremodules,

calledW,X,YandZrespectively.Theestimatedeffortforeachofthemodules

is60daysforA,30forB,40forCand45forD.

Theorganizationthatisundertakingtheworkassumesforthepurposeof

earnedvalueanalysis(EVA)thatdesigntakesup30%oftheeffort,coding40%

andtesting30%.

OnthedaythatthisEVAisconducted,theprojectshouldhavebeen

completedinfull.Infactthesituationisasfollows:

Moduleestimateddesigncode(actualtest(actualhrs)

effort(actualhrs)hrs)

A

BCD60304045251515104015

notcompletednotcompletednotcompleted15

notcompletednotcompleted

Whereactualhoursareshownthetaskhasbeencompleted.

Calculatethescheduleandcostvariances.

Calculatethecostperformanceandscheduleperformanceindicators.

17

十三、

P201

chapter10textbook1.2.3

1、Theargumentsinfavouroroutsourcingincludethefollowing.

?ItwouldallowIOEmanagementandstafftoconcentratetheireffortson

providing

theirclientswithagoodserviceratherthanbeingpre-occupiedwiththe

'house-keeping'and'admin7involvedwithlookingaftertheaccounting

system?ThisimprovedfocusontheIOEcustomerletsIOEcompetemore

effectivelywithits

rivals.?Thepeopletowhomtheresponsibilityfortheaccountinghas

beentransferredwillbe

expertsinthisfieldandbeabletodothingsmoreefficientlyand

effectivelythaninternalIOEstaff.?IOEcangetaverygooddealfinanciallyby

puttingthisworkouttotenderbecause

competitionbetweenprospectivesupplierstendstodrivepricesdown.

Therearesomeargumentsagainstoutsourcingwhichincludethefollowing.

?Onceyouhavesignedacontract,withaservicecompanyitisdifficultto

terminatethe

contractifthecompanydoesnotprovideanadequateservice.?

Everythingthattheservicecompanyistodohastobedefinedinthecontract:

ifIOE

haveunforeseenadditionalrequirements(orevensimplyoverlookan

existingneed)separatechargeswillbemade.?Ifimprovedtechnologiesand

businesssolutionscomeontothemarket,IOEmightnot

beabletoexploitthembecausetheyarestuckwiththefacilitiesspecified

inthecontract.?Dispensingwiththeirinternalstaffmakesitdifficulttorevert

toin-houseoperationif

outsourcingwasnotassuccessfulaswashoped.

2、Theconsultantwouldprobablywanttoclarifythefollowing.

?Theexactscopeoftheworktobee.g.whattrainingmaterialsaretobe

produced?

Doestheworkincludedeliveryofthecoursesbytheconsultant?(Below

weassumethatdeliveryisincluded.)

?Therequirementsforthetrainingcourse,e.g.whatfunctionalityistobe

covered??Financialarrangements,includingfees,methodandtimingof

payments,the

treatmentofexpenses.

18

?Qualitycontrole.g.approvalofmaterialstobeused

?Timing,datesofcourses,numberofdelegates.

?Location,equipmenttobesupplied.

Thesoftwarehousemightnotbeasconcernedaboutsomeofthedetail

above(e.g.

equipmenttobesupplied)astheconsultantastheymightregardthese

asmattersthatneedtobearrangeddirectlyandICTsupportstaff.

b)Havingproducedthelistofpointsrequiringclarification,examineit

fromthepointofviewofthesoftwarehouse.Arethereanyadditionalpoints

thattheywouldwantclarified?

Thesoftwarehousemightbeparticularlyinterestedintheintellectual

propertyrightsrelatingtothecourse.Theymightwanttobeabletore-useit

withotherclients,perhapsusingdifferentpresenters.Theymightalsobe

concernedthattheICTconsultantdidnotstartdeliveringtrainingtoother

clientswithoutthesoftwarehouseasago-between.

3、

(1)customizedoff-the-shelf(COTS)

(2)off-the-shelf

(3)adhoc,custom-built

(4)in-houseapproachwithco-operativedevelopmentwithearly

adopters.

Adhoc+COTS

十四、

课本后面练习题1.4.5

1.Anorganizationhasdetectedlowjobsatisfactioninthefollowing

department.Howcouldthesejobsberedesignedtogivemorejob