广东省深圳市宝安区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题 （解析版）

深圳市宝安区高三期末考试英语注意事项：1.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3考试结束后将本试卷和答题卡一并交回第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheBiggestNationalParkOnContinentsAmericaCoveringnearlyhalfoftheworld’slargestisland,NortheastGreenlandNationalParkiscurrentlytheglobe’ssinglelargestnationalparkandbiggestland-basedprotectedarea.Itcovers972,000squarekilometers.ThevastGreenland:IceSheetmakesupmostofthepark,butthere’salsoalongcoastlinethatishometomuskoxen,polarbearsandmanyotherArcticcreatures.OceaniaCovering36,000squarekilometers,theMunga-Thirri-SimpsonDesertNationalParkwassetupin2021toprotectthebeautifuldesertlandscapesoffarnorthernSouthAustralia.Itincludesoneoftheworld’slargestdune(沙丘)fields.Aswellasmorethan150birdspecies,theparkprovideshomeformanyanimals.AsiaFoundedin2021,China’sSanjiangyuanNationalParkisnowthelargestinAsia,covering190,700squarekilometersofthesnow-coveredQinghai-TibetPlateauthatprovidestheheadwatersoftheYangtze,YellowandLancangrivers.Roughandremote,thehighlandsharborarangeofrare,endangeredanimalspecies.Theparkalsoincludesculturalsites.AfricaSomeoftheworld’shighestandbiggestsanddunesarethecenterpieceofwesternNamibia’sNamib-NaukluftNationalPark,Africa’slargestat49,768squarekilometers.Easytoexplorewithyourown,vehicle,themainparkroadleadstomostdunesandforest.Hotairballoonflightsofferabird’seyeviewofthewholepark.ItisalsoknownforplantsandanimalsthathaveadaptedtooneoftheEarth’smostdryplaces.1Whereistheworldlargestnationalparklocated?A.InAsia. B.InAfrica. C.InAmerica. D.InOceania.2.WhatmakestheSanjiangyuanNationalParkspecial?A.Itslargeicesheet. B.Culturalscenicspots.C.Highestsanddunes. D.RareArcticcreatures.3.HowcanvisitorsenjoythefullviewoftheNamib-NaukluftNationalPark?A.Bytakingboats. B.Bydrivingvehicles.C.Byridingbicycles. D.Byridinghotairballoons.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了各大洲最大的国家公园以及它们的特点。【1题详解】细节理解题。由文章America部分中“Coveringnearlyhalfoftheworld’slargestisland,NortheastGreenlandNationalParkiscurrentlytheglobe’ssinglelargestnationalparkandbiggestland-basedprotectedarea.Itcovers972,000squarekilometers.(东北格陵兰国家公园几乎覆盖了世界上最大岛屿的一半，是目前世界上最大的国家公园和最大的陆地保护区。它占地97.2万平方公里。)”说明NortheastGreenlandNationalPark是目前全球最大的国家公园，并且它位于格陵兰，属于美洲大陆的一部分。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。由文章Asia部分中“Foundedin2021,China’sSanjiangyuanNationalParkisnowthelargestinAsia,covering190,700squarekilometersofthesnow-coveredQinghai-TibetPlateauthatprovidestheheadwatersoftheYangtze,YellowandLancangrivers,Roughandremote,thehighlandsharborarangeofrare,endangeredanimalspecies.Theparkalsoincludesculturalsites.(中国的三江源国家公园成立于2021年，是目前亚洲最大的国家公园，占地19.7万平方公里，位于冰雪覆盖的青藏高原上，是长江、黄河和澜沧江的源头。崎岖偏远的高地是许多珍稀濒危动物的栖息地。该公园还包括文化遗址。)”三江源国家公园不光拥有自然保护价值，其中提到的“culturalsites”表明它包括了文化风景名胜区。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。由文章Africa部分中“Someoftheworld’shighestandbiggestsanddunesarethecenterpieceofwesternNamibia’sNamib-NaukluftNationalPark,Africa’slargestat49,768squarekilometers.Easytoexplorewithyourownvehicle,themainparkroadleadstomostdunesandforest,Hotairballoonflightsofferabird’seyeviewofthewholepark.(一些世界上最高和最大的沙丘位于纳米比亚西部的纳米布-瑙克卢夫特国家公园的中心，这是非洲最大的公园，占地47968平方公里。主要的公园很容易用自己的交通工具探索，道路通往大多数沙丘和森林。乘坐热气球可以鸟瞰整个公园。)”这段文字讲述了，热气球飞行提供全公园的鸟瞰，意味着可以全面观赏公园。故选D。BOnMarch1,Dr.JosephDituribeganaprojecttostayfor100daysataspecialhotelcalledJules’sUnderseaLodge30feetundertheoceansurfaceinaconservationareainKeyLargo.Thefartheryougobelowtheocean’ssurface,thegreaterthepressure.Dr.Dituriwantedtolearnhowthispressurewouldaffectthehumanbodyovertime.Hebelievesthathighpressurecouldhelppeoplelivelongerandstayhealthierastheygetolder.Itcouldalsohelpdoctorstreatdifferentmedicalproblems,includingbraininjuries.Whilehewaslivingunderwater,Dr.Dituristayedbusy.Heoftenexercisedinthemorning.Hekeptteachinghiscollegeclassesvirtuallyandhadonlinechatswithover5,500studentsfrom15differentcountries.Healsoworkedwithoceanexpertstofigureoutwaystopreservetheocean.Heevenhadanumberofvisitorswhodovedowntospendalittletimewithhim.OnJune9,Dr.Diturireturnedtothesurfacewithanewworldrecord,beatingtheoldrecordof73days.Manyfriends,family,andothersupportersweretheretogreethimandcelebratehissuccess.Doctorsquicklycheckedhimouttomakesurehewasokay.Actually,Dr.Dituriwentthroughseveralbigchanges.Foronething,hebecame1.3centimetersshorterduringhistimeinthehigherunderseapressure.Sleepingmuchbetter,hishealthgreatlyimprovedinacoupleofways.Dr.Dituriandhisteamplantostudytheinformationtheycollectedduringtheproject.InNovember,Dr.DituriwillspeakatanimportantmedicalmeetinginScotlandaboutthediscoveriesthescientistsmadeduringtheproject.Dr.Diturisayshisfavoritepartoftheprojectwastalkingwithyoungpeople.“Whoknows?”hesaid.“Maybeoneday,oneofthemwillcome.backandbreaktherecordwejustset.MygreatesthopeisthatIhaveinspiredanewgenerationofexplorersandresearcherstopushpastallboundaries.4.WhatisJules’sUnderseaLodgespecialfor?A.Itsconvenience. B.Itsreputation. C.Itslocation D.Itsluxuriousness.5.WhydidDr.Dituridecidetostaylonginthehotel?A.Totreathisbraininjuries. B.Tolivelongerandhealthier.C.Todealwithmedicalproblems. D.Totestoneofhisacademicideas.6.WhichstatementbestdescribesDr.Dituri’sundersealife?A.Hekeptadailyroutinealmostasusual.B.Hewasbusywithmedicalexperiments.C.Heledadulllifeseparatedfromtheothers.D.Hesetaworldrecordofliving73daysunderwater.7.WhatdoesDr.Dituriwishyoungpeopletodo?A.Communicatemorewithhim. B.Exploretheunknownbravely.C.Studytheinformationoftheproject. D.MeetattheconferenceinScotland.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了约瑟夫·迪图里博士在基拉戈水下酒店进行100天实验以研究深海压力对身体的影响，期间保持常规生活，打破世界记录，并激励年轻人勇探未知。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“OnMarch1,Dr.JosephDituribeganaprojecttostayfor100daysataspecialhotelcalledJules’sUnderseaLodge30feetundertheoceansurfaceinaconservationareainKeyLargo.”（3月1日，约瑟夫·迪图里(JosephDituri)博士开始了一个项目，他将在基拉戈(KeyLargo)一个保护区的海平面下30英尺处的一家名为“朱尔斯海底小屋”(Jules’sUnderseaLodge)的特殊酒店住上100天。）可知，朱尔斯的海底小屋的特别之处是它的位置位于海平面下30英尺处。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dr.Dituriwantedtolearnhowthispressurewouldaffectthehumanbodyovertime.Hebelievesthathighpressurecouldhelppeoplelivelongerandstayhealthierastheygetolder.Itcouldalsohelpdoctorstreatdifferentmedicalproblems,includingbraininjuries.”（迪图里博士想了解这种压力随着时间的推移会如何影响人体。他认为，随着年龄的增长，高血压可以帮助人们活得更长，更健康。它还可以帮助医生治疗不同的医疗问题，包括脑损伤。）可知，迪图里医生决定在酒店里待很久是因为他想检验他的一个学术观点。故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Whilehewaslivingunderwater,Dr.Dituristayedbusy.Heoftenexercisedinthemorning.Hekeptteachinghiscollegeclassesvirtuallyandhadonlinechatswithover5,500studentsfrom15differentcountries.Healsoworkedwithoceanexpertstofigureoutwaystopreservetheocean.Heevenhadanumberofvisitorswhodovedowntospendalittletimewithhim.”（在水下生活期间，迪图里一直很忙。他经常在早上锻炼。他一直在网上教授他大学课程，并与来自15个不同国家的5500多名学生在线聊天。他还与海洋专家一起研究保护海洋的方法。他甚至有一些游客潜入水中和他待一会儿。）可推知，迪图里博士在海底的生活和往常一样。故选A项。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“MygreatesthopeisthatIhaveinspiredanewgenerationofexplorersandresearcherstopushpastallboundaries.”（我最大的希望是，我激励了新一代的探险家和研究人员去突破所有的界限。）可知，迪图里博士希望年轻人勇敢地探索未知。故选B项。CEachyear,morethan27million.U.S.andCanadiankidsgettoschoolbybus.Mostofthosebusesrunondiesel(柴油)fuel,whichgiveoutpollutionthatriderscantakein.Pollutionlevelscanbeseveraltimeshigherinsideadieselschoolbusthanoutsideit.Why?Pollutioncanleakinfromthefloororblowinthroughwindows.AU.S.governmentprogramstartedin2012offeredschools’moneyspentoncleanerschoolbusesbutnotallschoolscouldgetit.Fiveyearslater,emissionsfrombusesinthewinningdistrictsfell.Andayearaftergettingnewbuses,studentattendancehadimprovedinthosedistricts.Foranaveragedistrictof10,000students,aboutsixmorestudentsattended‘schooleachday’inthewinningdistricts,comparedtothelosingdistricts.Winningschoolswithhigherratesofbus-ridingkidshadanaverageof14morestudentsinclasseachday.Andwinningdistrictsthatreplacedtheoldestschoolbuses?Theyhadanaverageof45morestudentsinschooleachday.Thosenumbersmaysoundsmall,buttheyaddup.Andschoolattendancemattersforstudentachievement.Almost3millionU.S.kidsrideschoolbusesmorethan20yearsold.IfU.S.schooldistrictshadreplacedallofthoseolderbuses,therewouldhavebeen1.3millionfewerstudentabsenceseachyear.Theremightbeotherreasonsforbetterattendance.Forexample,maybekidspreferrednewbuses.However,themost-likelyreasonforfewerstudentabsenceswasbetterhealth.Astudydoneonadultsshowedthatabriefexposuretodieselemissionsreduced“networkconnectivity”inthebrain.Inotherstudies,suchnetwork-connectivitychangeshavebeenlinkedtoworsenedmemoryandmentaltasks.AWashingtonStateprogramupgradedpollutioncontrolsinolddieselbuses.Afterward,fewerkidswerehospitalizedinthosedistrictsthaninschoolswithoutbusupgrades.AlmostallU.S.schooldistrictscanapplyfortheprogram.Butschoolsinlow-incomeareas,intribalareasand,inruralareaswillgetpriority.Kidsintheseareastendtofacethemosthealthrisksfromolderbuses.8.Whatcanweinferaboutdieselschoolbusesfromthefirstparagraph?A.Theyhaveashortservicelife.B.Theyoperatecost-effectively.C.Theyaccommodatefewpassengers.D.Theydomuchharmtoschoolchildren.9.Whyistheincreaseinschoolattendancesmallbutimportant?A.Itisalongaccumulation. B.Itisawinningcondition.C.Itisameasuringstandard. D.Itisastudentachievement.10.Howdoesthebusreplacementbringbetterstudentattendance?A.Byreducingthenetworkconnectivity.B.Bybetteringthehealthstateofstudents.C.Byimprovingstudentsatisfactionwithschools.D.Bymeetingstudents’demandforschoolbusdrivers.11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.The“networkconnectivity”inthebrain.B.Thegreatworkoncleanerschoolbuses.C.AU.S.governmentprogramforeducation.D.Betterattendanceduetonewschoolbuses.【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国校巴更新计划如何减少柴油污染，提高学生出勤率和健康水平。老旧巴士被指出对学生健康不利，新巴士实施后出勤有所改善。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“U.S.andCanadiankidsgettoschoolbybus.Mostofthosebusesrunondiesel(柴油)fuel,whichgiveoutpollutionthatriderscantakein.Pollutionlevelscanbeseveraltimeshigherinsideadieselschoolbusthanoutsideit.Why?Pollutioncanleakinfromthefloororblowinthroughwindows.”（美国和加拿大的孩子坐公共汽车上学。这些公共汽车大多使用柴油燃料，而柴油所产生的污染会让乘客吸入。柴油校车内的污染水平可能比外面高几倍。为什么？污染可以从（校车）地板漏进来，或者从窗户吹进来。）可知，从第一段我们可以推断出柴油校车对学生有很大的危害。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thosenumbersmaysoundsmall,buttheyaddup.Andschoolattendancemattersforstudentachievement.Almost3millionU.S.kidsrideschoolbusesmorethan20yearsold.IfU.S.schooldistrictshadreplacedallofthoseolderbuses,therewouldhavebeen1.3millionfewerstudentabsenceseachyear.”（这些数字听起来可能很小，但积少成多。出勤率对学生的成绩很重要。近300万美国儿童乘坐的校车年龄超过20岁。如果美国的学区更换了所有的旧巴士，那么就只有1辆了。每年减少300万学生缺勤。）可知，学校出勤率的增加很小却很重要是因为这是一个积累的过程。故选A项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Theremightbeotherreasonsforbetterattendance.Forexample,maybekidspreferrednewbuses.However,themost-likelyreasonforfewerstudentabsenceswasbetterhealth.”（提高出勤率可能还有其他原因。例如，也许孩子们更喜欢新公交车。然而，学生缺勤减少最有可能的原因是健康状况好转。）可知，公交车更换通过改善学生的健康状况来提高学生出勤率。故选B项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。全文主要谈论的是更换新校巴带来的更好的学生出勤率。文中详细说明了美国某些学区采取行动换新巴士后，学生的出勤情况如何改善，以及这一改变如何积极影响到学生的健康和学习成绩。尽管文中也提到了美国政府的项目和对大脑网络连接性的研究，但这些都是为了支持主题。因此D选项“Betterattendanceduetonewschoolbuses”（由于有了新的校车，出勤率提高了。）正确地反映了文本的主旨。故选D项。DFirst-yearcollegestudentsoftenareexpectedorrequiredtoliveindormitories.Intherestyears,it’susuallyuptothosestudentstodecidewhethertoliveonoroffcampus.Butsomeschoolsdon’tprovideanoptionandrequirefouryearsofon-campuslivingforfull-timestudents.Livingoncampushasbeenshowntoincreaseretention(保留)andattendanceratesamongfreshmanandsecond-yearstudents,accordingtoa2021report.Thereareexceptions,however.Atsomecolleges,studentsmaybefreedfromtherequirementiftheyare,forinstance,commuters(通勤生),fifth-yearseniors,atleast23yearsofageorlegallymarried.Residentialhousingatcollegesisnotlimitedtosharedroomsandbathrooms.Alternativesincludeflats,apartments,Greekhousesorliving-learningcommunitiesforstudentswithsharedinterests.On-campusstudentsalsohaveaccesstoservicesandresourcessuchasresidencelifestaffwhocanhelpifahousingissuearises.Whenstudentsliveinacommunity,theyareforcedtolivewithdifferentpeople,learnmoreaboutthemselvesandabouttheothers,andtelleachothertheirstories.Ontheotherhand,off-campuslivingprovidesstudentswithmoreindependence,astheyarenotconstrainedbyschoolhousingpolicies.Off-campusstudentsgainmorereal-worldexperienceinareaslikepayingtheirownbills,findingrenter’sinsurance,cookingtheirownmealsandnegotiatingorreviewingcontracts.Ifstudentsarechoosingtoliveoffcampus,theyshouldreallythinkitthroughandtalktosomeonethatlivedoffcampus.Dotheirhomeworkandlookatallthecostsbeforetheymakethatdecision.Makesure,too,thattheyarechoosingpeoplethattheycanlivewith.Atfirstglance,off-campushousingcanappearlessexpensive.Buttheadditionalexpensesoutsideofrent—likeutilities,groceries,Internetaccess,cableandfurniture—areoftenoverlooked.Toreduceoff-campuscosts,somestudentschoosetooverpackhousesorapartments,sometimeswithfourorfivepeopleinatwo-bedroomhouse.Unlikeoff-campushousing,thetotalcostoflivingoncampusistypicallyall-inclusive,covetingrent,utilities,furniture,Wi-Fiandamealplan.12.Whydosomecollegesrequireallthestudentstoliveoncampus?A.Tokeepthemstaylongeroncampusforclasses.B.Tomakesureallstudentscanliveinsharedrooms.C.Tomakeasmuchprofitaspossibleforthecolleges.D.Tomonitoralloftheirstudentsaseasilyaspossible.13.Whatshouldstudentsdobeforelivingoffcampus?A.Theyshouldfindsomeonetotakecareofthem.B.Theyshouldfullydeveloptheabilitytolivealone.C.Theyshouldlearnallaspectsofoff-campusliving.D.Theyshouldseekaccommodationthroughanagent.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“overpack”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Overlook. B.Overconsume. C.Overestimate. D.Overload.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ResidentialHousingAtDifferentCollegesB.ChoiceBetweenHousingOnOrOffCampusC.AccommodationSituationForCollegeStudentsD.DifferentLivingExperienceOnOrOffCampus【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是大学生选择校内外住宿的优劣，并提供了选择建议，分析了校内住宿对学习的益处和校外住宿的独立生活技能需求。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Butsomeschoolsdon’tprovideanoptionandrequirefouryearsofon-campuslivingforfull-timestudents.Livingoncampushasbeenshowntoincreaseretention(保留)andattendanceratesamongfreshmanandsecond-yearstudents,accordingtoa2021report.(有些学校不提供这种选择，并要求全日制学生在校内生活四年。2021年的一份报告显示，住在校园里可以提高大一和二年级学生的留校率和出勤率。)”可知，一份报告显示，学校要求学生在校内生活能提高大一和大二学生的留效率和出勤率；由此可知，有些大学要求所有的学生都住在校园里为了让他们在上课在校园的时间更长。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Off-campusstudentsgainmorereal-worldexperienceinareaslikepayingtheirownbills,findingrenter’sinsurance,cookingtheirownmealsandnegotiatingorreviewingcontracts.Ifstudentsarechoosingtoliveoffcampus,theyshouldreallythinkitthroughandtalktosomeonethatlivedoffcampus.(校外学生在支付自己的账单、为租房者找保险、自己做饭、谈判或审查合同等方面获得了更多的实际经验。)”可知，住在校外，学生要考虑支付自己的账单，找保险、自己做饭、协商或者审查合同等方面，结合下文中的“Dotheirhomeworkandlookatallthecostsbeforetheymakethatdecision.Makesure,too,thattheyarechoosingpeoplethattheycanlivewith.(在做决定之前，先做足功课，看看所有的成本。同时也要确保他们选择了可以一起生活的人。)”可知，作者建议选择校外居住前要做足功课，考虑所有的成本以及确保选择了可以一起生活的人；由此可知，选择校外居住前需要考虑到方方面面的问题。故选C项。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“Toreduceoff-campuscosts(为了减少校外居住的成本)”以及划线单词后的“sometimeswithfourorfivepeopleinatwo-bedroomhouse(有时四五个人住在一套两居室的房子里。)”可知，为了降低成本，有些学生选择在两室的卧房里住进四五个人，说明房子里住的人太多，由此可推断，划线单词overpack的意思应与“塞满或者挤满”意思相近。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据首段“First-yearcollegestudentsoftenareexpectedorrequiredtoliveindormitories.Intherestyears,it’susuallyuptothosestudentstodecidewhethertoliveonoroffcampus.(大学一年级的学生通常被期望或要求住在宿舍里。在剩下的几年里，通常由这些学生决定是住在校内还是校外。)”可知，大学一年级的学生要求住在宿舍，但在接下来的几年里有学生决定住在校内还是校外，结合下文介绍的校内居住和校外住宿的利和弊，并提供了相关的建议可知，本文主要介绍的是关于学生在校内和校外住房之间选择的讨论；由此可知，题目“校内居住还是校外居住的选择”与本文内容相符，且概括了本文的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyou’reafraidtofly,you’reingoodcompany.About40%ofAmericansfeelsomefearatthethoughtofflying.____16____thesetipscanhelp.____17____Exposuretherapyistheideathatbeingexposedtosomethingyou’reafraidofoverandoveragaincalmsdownyourlimbicsystemsoitdoesn’tfireupasfast.Thatcouldmeanlessanxietyinthelongrun.Duringthenight,distractyourselfWhenwe’rereallyanxious,wecan’tthinkstraight.Thekeyistotrytoconnecttoyourrational,thinkingbrain.Whenwereallyfocusonthinking,likedoingamathproblem,ouremotionalbraincalmsdown.TryacrosswordpuzzleorSudoku,readareallyjuicyromancenovelorgetthroughapileofpaperwork.____18____.Ifyouhitturbulence(气流),don’tforceyourselftocalmdownDuringaroughflightyoumightbetotakeslow,deepbreathstocalmdown.____19____.It’snearlyimpossibletostopyourfight-or-flightresponse,onceit’sbeentriggered.Remindyourselfthatyourbodyishavinganormalresponsetoaperceivedthreat.Consultwithadoctoraboutmedication(冥想),ifyoufeelyoumightneeditTherearemedicationsprettyquicklytakingdownanxiety.____20____,talkwithyourprimarycaredoctororapsychiatrist.Trytothinkofamedicationthat’snotjustshort-term,butsomethingthatcanhelpyoubringyourbaselineanxietydown.A.Butdon’ttrytostoptheexperienceB.TrytoholdbackyourfeelingoffearC.IfyoudoneedmedicationtogetonaplaneD.BoardyourflightwithplentyofdistractionsE.Faceyourfear,repeatedlybutinsmalldosesF.Ifyoudidalmostanythingbutcan’tavoidflightsG.That’swhereIagreewithbecausethatexperienceisterrible【答案】16.F17.E18.D19.A20.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何克服飞行恐惧，包括面对恐惧、分散注意力、接受恐惧和寻求医疗帮助等方法。【16题详解】根据上文“About40%ofAmericansfeelsomefearatthethoughtofflying.(大约40%的美国人一想到坐飞机就感到害怕)”引出话题，提到很多人坐飞机感到害怕。以及下文“thesetipscanhelp.(这些建议会有所帮助)”提到有帮助的建议。由此可知，F项Ifyoudidalmostanythingbutcan’tavoidflights(如果你做了几乎所有的事情，但无法避免航班)起到承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。【17题详解】由该题为段落小标题可知，为总结该段内容。该段下文“Exposuretherapyistheideathatbeingexposedtosomethingyou’reafraidofoverandoveragaincalmsdownyourlimbicsystemsoitdoesn’tfireupasfast.Thatcouldmeanlessanxietyinthelongrun.(暴露疗法是指，一次又一次地暴露在你害怕的事物中，会让你的大脑边缘系统平静下来，这样它就不会那么快地兴奋起来。从长远来看，这可能意味着更少的焦虑)”可知，本段讲的是一次又一次地暴露在你害怕的事物中。由此可知，E项Faceyourfear,repeatedlybutinsmalldoses.(面对你的恐惧，反复但要从小做起)与本段主旨一致，能够总结该段内容。故选E项。【18题详解】根据上文“TryacrosswordpuzzleorSudoku,readareallyjuicyromancenovelorgetthroughapileofpaperwork.(试试填字游戏或数独游戏，读一本有趣的浪漫小说，或者处理一堆文书工作)”可知，此处提到一些分散自己的注意力的方法。由此可知，D项Boardyourflightwithplentyofdistractions.(带着很多让你分心的东西登机)和上文意思一致，为对上文内容的语意递进，上下文紧密连接。故选D项。【19题详解】根据上文“Duringaroughflight,youmightbetotakeslow,deepbreathstocalmdown.(在颠簸的飞行中，你可能需要缓慢地深呼吸来平静下来)”可知，此处提到遇到气流时的颠簸飞行。以及下文“It’snearlyimpossibletostopyourfight-or-flightresponse,onceit’sbeentriggered.(一旦你的“战或逃”反应被触发，你几乎不可能停止这种反应)”说明你采取行为的结果。由此可知，A项Butdon’ttrytostoptheexperience(但不要试图阻止这种体验)起到承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯，符合语境。故选A项。【20题详解】根据上文“Therearemedicationsprettyquicklytakingdownanxiety.(有些药物能很快消除焦虑)”以及下文“talkwithyourprimarycaredoctororapsychiatrist.(与你的初级保健医生或精神科医生谈谈)”可知，此处提到药物能很快消除焦虑。由此可知，C项Ifyoudoneedmedicationtogetonaplane(如果你确实需要药物才能上飞机)承接上文内容，同时和下文形成一句完整的话，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选C项。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ifeareditwasgoingtobeaterriblefireworkseasonthisyear.Thebangs(巨响)____21____beforethefirstofJulyandlastedthreemoredays.IhaveneverbeenabigfanoffireworkssinceIwasaboy.Itwasthenthatalocalfair____22____ahugefireworkshownearourhouseandIsawhowthehuge____23____terrifiedourdogs.Isatonthe____24____inthehousewiththemduringthewholeshow,holdingtheir____25____bodies.Iknowalotofpeopleenjoythe____26____lightshowsthefireworkscanputonattimes.Theycanbebrightandbeautiful.Still,IfindthatI____27____thegentlerlightsofsummerstothesenoisyones.Iloveseeingthemoonrising____28____abovethehillsintheevening.Theshiningstarsalwayslooksowonderfulwhenyoutakethetimeto____29____intotheskyandwatchthemshine.Ialso_____30_____thebeautiful,blinkinglightsofthefireflies(萤火虫)atthis_____31_____ofyear.Seeingtheirlovely,littlelightsasthey_____32_____aroundalwaysfillsmyheartwithjoyandlightaswell.Itfeedsmysoulandremindsmeofwhataglorious_____33_____welivein.Ithinkweallmightdobettertodevelopandgrowthegentler_____34_____withinourselves.Theyaremeanttobe_____35_____withothers.Theyaremeanttobeshined21.A.bounced B.resounded C.ripened D.resigned22.A.launched B.assessed C.canceled D.assigned23.A.bonus B.noise C.sight D.feast24.A.carpet B.fountain C.grass D.roof25.A.frightening B.exciting C.calming D.trembling26.A.subsequent B.vivid C.single D.primitive27.A.prefer B.apply C.compare D.devote28.A.initially B.substantially C.slowly D.obviously29.A.breakdown B.lookup C.riseup D.flowaway30.A.seize B.release C.raise D.fancy31.A.time B.age C.edge D.mercy32.A.lie B.flee C.fly D.stick33.A.world B.community C.dream D.flat34.A.sounds B.levels C.lights D.images35.A.helped B.shared C.compared D.communicated【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.A25.D26.B27.A28.C29.B30.D31.A32.C33.A34.C35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者对烟花的看法，他认为烟花太吵了，他更喜欢看月亮，星星和萤火虫的光芒，他认为这些光芒能够让人感到温暖，让人们的心里充满喜悦。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在7月1日之前，砰砰声响彻大地，又持续了三天。A.bounced反弹；B.resounded回响；C.ripened成熟；D.resigned辞职。根据上文“Ifeareditwasgoingtobeaterriblefireworkseasonthisyear.”提到作者害怕烟花的季节。以及下文“andlastedthreemoredays.”由此可知，此处应表示爆炸声响彻大地，并持续了三天多。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，一个当地的集市在我们家附近举行了一场盛大的烟花表演，我看到了巨大的噪音是如何把我们的狗吓坏的。A.launched举办；B.assessed评价；C.canceled取消；D.assigned分配。根据下文“ahugefireworkshow”由此可知，此处应表示一个当地的集市在我们家附近举行了一场盛大的烟花表演。故选A项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，一个当地的集市在我们家附近举行了一场盛大的烟花表演，我看到了巨大的噪音是如何把我们的狗吓坏的。A.bonus奖金；B.noise噪音；C.sight视野；D.feast盛宴。根据上文提到的举行了一场盛大的烟花表演，以及下文“terrifiedourdogs.”由此可知，此处应表示作者看到了巨大的噪音是如何把狗吓坏的。故选B项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：整个演出期间，我和它们一起坐在屋子的地毯上，抱着它们颤抖的身体。A.carpet地毯；B.fountain喷泉；C.grass草地上；D.roof屋顶。根据常识以及上文“Isaton”和下文“inthehouse”由此可知，此处应表示作者和他的狗狗们一起坐在屋子的地毯上。故选A项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：整个演出期间，我和它们一起坐在屋子的地毯上，抱着它们颤抖的身体。A.frightening害怕的；B.exciting激动的；C.calming镇静的；D.trembling颤抖的。根据上文“Isawhowthehugenoiseterrifiedourdogs.”提到作者看到了巨大的噪音是如何把狗吓坏的，由此可知，此处应表示作者抱着狗狗们颤抖的身体。故选D项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道很多人喜欢生动的灯光表演，有时可以放烟花。A.subsequent随后的；B.vivid生动的；C.single单一的；D.primitive原始的。根据下文“lightshowsthefireworkscanputonattimes.”由此可知，此处应表示作者知道很多人喜欢生动的灯光表演，有时可以放烟花。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过，我发现我更喜欢夏天柔和的光，而不是这些嘈杂的光。A.prefer更喜欢；B.apply运用，申请；C.compare比较；D.devote贡献。根据下文“thegentlerlightsofsummerstothesenoisyones.”提到夏天柔和的光以及嘈杂的光，由此可知，此处应表示作者更喜欢夏天柔和的光，而不是这些嘈杂的光。故选A项。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢看月亮在晚上慢慢地从山上升起。A.initially最初；B.substantially大量地；C.slowly缓慢地；D.obviously明显地。根据上文“Iloveseeingthemoonrising”以及下文“abovethehillsintheevening.”由此可知，此处应表示作者喜欢看月亮在晚上慢慢地从山上升起。故选C项。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当你花时间仰望天空，看着它们闪耀的时候，闪烁的星星总是那么美妙。A.breakdown分解，坏掉；B.lookup仰望；C.riseup起来；D.flowaway流走。根据上文“Theshiningstarsalwayslooksowonderful”提到闪烁的星星总是那么美妙，由此可知，此处应表示作者仰望天空，看着闪烁的星星。故选B项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我还幻想着每年这个时候萤火虫闪烁的美丽光芒。A.seize抓住；B.release释放；C.raise提高；D.fancy幻想。根据句意以及下文“thebeautiful,blinkinglightsofthefireflies(萤火虫)atthis____11____ofyear.”由此可知，此处应表示作者幻想着每年这个时候萤火虫闪烁的美丽光芒。故选D项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我还幻想着每年这个时候萤火虫闪烁的美丽光芒。A.time时间；B.age年龄；C.edge边缘；D.mercy怜悯。根据上文提到的作者更喜欢夏天柔和的光，而不是这些嘈杂的光。以及该句中的“blinkinglightsofthefireflies”由此可知，此处应表示作者幻想着每年这个时候萤火虫闪烁的美丽光芒。故选A项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到他们可爱的小灯，当他们飞来飞去时，我的心也充满了快乐和光明。A.lie躺；B.flee逃跑；C.fly飞；D.stick坚持。根据常识以及下文“fillsmyheartwithjoyandlightaswell.”由此可知，此处应表示当萤火虫飞来飞去时，作者内心充满了快乐和光明。故选C项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它滋养了我的灵魂，提醒我我们生活在一个多么美好的世界。A.world世界；B.community社区；C.dream梦想；D.flat公寓。根据句意以及下文“welivein”由此可知，此处应表示萤火虫发出的亮光，滋养了作者的灵魂，提醒我作者生活在一个多么美好的世界。故选A项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为我们都可以更好地发展和培养自己内心的温和之光。A.sounds声音；B.levels水平；C.lights光；D.images形象。根据上文内容可知，文章一直围绕“lights”光而展开的，由此可知，此处应表示作者认为我们都可以更好地发展和培养自己内心的温和之光。故选C项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们是用来与他人分享的。A.helped帮助；B.shared分享；C.compared比较；D.communicated交流。根据句意以及下文“Theyaremeanttobeshined.”由此可知，此处应表示这些温和之光是用来与他人分享的。故选B项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A16-year-oldgirlfromChangsha,HunanProvince,reachedthetopofQomolangmawithsuccess,____36____(become)theyoungestChinesefemaletoconquer(征服)theworld’shighestmountainfromthesouthernslope.Xuisafirst-yearhighschoolstudent.InApril,sheleftChangshaforNepal,beganhertrek(涉)fromLukla,arrivedatthebasecamp____37____startedheraltitudeadjustmenttraining.At10pmBeijingtimeonMay14,XustartedtrekkingfromCamp4at____38____altitudeof7,950meters.Afterahard10-hourclimb,she____39____(successful)reachedthetop.Xu’sfatherwasthefirstpersonfromHunanProvince____40____(reach)thetopofQomolangma.Influencedbyherfather,Xu____41____(explore)remoteareaswithhimsinceshewasveryyoung.Despiteheryoungage,Xuhasalreadyclimbedfivemountainsover5,000metersinChina.AlthoughXuhasrichclimbingexperience,shege