高一英语人教版必修二unit1grammar

UsingLanguageReadingIIAfactoranopinion18.prove(P5)v.证明，证实

prove(vt.)+从句证明…n.(pron.)

prove(link-v)+n.adj.证明是…tobe+adj.eg.Einstein’stheoryproved(tobe)correct.Wehaveprovedourcourageinbattle.我们在战斗中证实了自己的勇气。Ex.PremierZhou_______tobeunfortgettableintheheartsoftheChinesepeople.A.provedB.regardedC.thoughtD.consideredReadthepassageandfindout:1.Whatisafact?

Afactisanythingthatcanbeproved.2.Whatisanopinion?

Anopinioniswhatsomeonebelievesistrue buthasnotbeenproved.3.Whatisanevidence?

Anevidenceistrueinformationwhichmustbe factsratherthanopinions.I.Reading18.provevt.证明，证实prove+宾语从句证明…n.(pron.)sb./sth.+n./adj./不定式prove(link-v)+n.adj.证明是…显示，说明，结果是tobe+adj.eg.Einstein’stheoryproved(tobe)correct.Wehaveprovedourcourageinbattle.我们在战斗中证实了自己的勇气。Ex.PremierZhou_______tobeunfortgettableintheheartsoftheChinesepeople.A.provedB.regardedC.thoughtD.consideredIagree______herviews.Iagree______theplan。Hiswordsdon’tagree_____hisaction.Seafooddoesn’tagree______me.Finally,thetwosidesagreed____thepriceofthehouse.He________________acapableman.Thisnovel_____________interesting.Hiswords______________right.Youneedn’t_______thetruthofthenews,whichhas____________true.It___________aterriblemistake.provedhimself(tobe)proved(tobe)provedproved(tobe)(tobe)proveproved(tobe)consider〔认为，以为〕sb.(sth.)+adj./n.sb.(sth.)+tobe+todosb.(sth.)+as…/that-clause

consider〔考虑〕+n./doingsth.+疑问词+todosth.consider…as….===thinkof….as…lookon(upon)….as….把…当作take…as….regard….as….Ex.AbrahamLincolnisgenerallyconsidered_________thegreatestpresidentofAmerica.A.tobeB.asC./D.Alloftheabove.Unit1CulturalrelicsGrammar

关系代词用法关系代词指代在从句中的作用thatwhichwhowhomwhose(=ofwhich)人／物

主／宾主／宾主／宾宾定

人

人人／物物

Revisionas人／物主／宾Which,that的区别1._____可引导限制性与非限制性定语从句,_____只引导限制性从句.2.作介词宾语时,不可用_____,而用_______.3.which与that都指物时,只用that的情况:A.领先行词由序数词,形容词最高级,不定式和theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时;B.领先行词是不定代词everything,anything,nothing,something,all,much,little,few时;C.为了防止重复时;(Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory_____producethings______couldcausepollution.D.先行词在句中作表语而且关系代词在定语从句中也作表语时.(Shanghaiisnotthecity_____itusedtobe.)E.先行词是在以who(whom)或which开头的特殊句.F.先行词即是人又是物.whichthatthatwhichthatthatwhich关系副词的用法关系副词指代在从句中的作用when(=at/in/on/duringwhich)

where(=in/atwhich)why(=forwhich)

时间时间状语地点地点状语原因原因状语关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。从句在整个句中当定语，所以叫定语从句；而关系词又在从句中充当主语，宾语，状语等成分。

1.Lookatthegirl________issingingsobeautifully.2.Doyouknowthewoman_________ourteacheristalking?3.Jimistheboy______hatisred.4.Hegavemeapen___________heboughtlastweek.5.Maryhasreadallthebooks_________Ilenther.who/thattowhomwhosethat/whichthat/whichFillintheblankswithproperrelativepronounsoradverbs.6.Isitthereason_____youwerelate?7.October1stisthedate_____ChinacelebratesitsNationalDay.8.Wewalkedinagarden_____manytreesandflowershadbeenplanted.9.Thisistheisland_____Ilivedfortwoyears.10.2001-2005aretheyears_____Istudiedintheuniversity.whywhenwherewherewhenas引导定语从句，多与such和thesame连用，在从句中作主语或宾语。

1.Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.2.Let’sdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcerneveryoneofus.3.Wouldyoupleasebuymethesamenovelasyouboughtforbrotheryesterday,Mum?4.Asweallknow,Johnisanhonestman.RevisionAttributiveClauses定语从句的功能？作用相当于形容词；提供人或事物更详细的信息；简化语言，防止使用两个简单句时重复的内容。引导词：由关系代词which/that或关系副词when,where,why等引导；也可以用介词+关系代词引导。位置：在所修饰的先行词之后。ThegiftwastheAmberRoom,whichwasgiventhisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwereusedtomakeit.Itwasalsoatreasuredecoratedwithgoldandjewels,whichtookthecountry’sbestartistsabouttenyearstomake.In2003itwasreadyforthepeopleofStPetersburg,whentheycelebratedthe300thbirthdayoftheircity.Lookatthepartsinred.Doyouknowwhatkindofclausestheyare？Comparethefollowingpairsofsentencesandfindthedifferencesbetweenthem.Heisoneofthestudents

whohaswonascholarship.FrederickWilliamI,towhomtheAmberRoombelonged,decidednottokeepit.Shetoldmesomething

thathappenedyesterday.Shetoldmesomethinguntrue,whichmademeangry.III.Comparing限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句结构功能形式修饰先行词修饰先行词或整个句子无逗号与主句分开有逗号与主句分开使用时可以用that引导使用时不能用that引导与主句语意关系紧凑，定语从句不能删除与主句语意关系松散，定语从句可以删除ComparingReadthepassageagainandunderlineallthesentenceswithattributiveclausesandthewordsorsentencestheymodify.1.Thisgiftwas

theAmberRoom,

whichwasgiven

thisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwereused

tomakeit.2.Theamber

whichwasselected

hadabeautifulyellow-browncolourlikehoney.IV.Doing3.Itwasalsoatreasuredecoratedwithgoldandjewels,whichtookthecountry’sbestartistsabouttenyears

tomake.4.However,thenextKingofPrussia,Frederick

WilliamI,towhomtheAmberRoombelonged,decidednottokeepit.5.Later,CatherineIIhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalaceoutsideStPetersburg,whereshespenthersummers.6.

In1770theroomwascompleted

theway

she

wanted.Doing7.Thiswasatime

whenthetwocountrieswere

atwar.8.Thereisnodoubtthattheboxeswerethenputonatrainfor,whichwasatthat

timeaGermancityontheBalticSea.9.In2003itwasreadyforthepeopleofStPetersburgwhentheycelebratedthe300th

birthdayoftheircity.DoingRestrictive:2,6,7,9Non-restrictive:1,3,4,5,81.Hegavemeapen

heboughtyesterday.2.Hegavemeapen,whichheboughtyesterday.关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语不可以省略。LookatthefollowingsentencesandtellthedifferencesoftheAttributiveClauses.DoingChoosethebestanswer.1. Doyourememberthedeerfarm

wevisitedtwomonthsago? A.whyB.whenC.thatD.how2. Anyway,thatevening,______I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,wasreallyterrible. A.whenB.whereC.thatD.whichCDV.Practising3. Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkinginthelabforanhour,______wastrue. A.that B.which C.who D.what4. Annealwaysspokehighlyofhercolleaguesinthemovie,______,ofcourse,madetheothersveryhappy. A.who B.which C.that D.what5. Chongqingisthecity______shelivedwhenshewasyoung. A.where B.which C.when D.how6. Doyouknowthereasons______hecameback? A.how B.which C.that D.why

BDPractisingBAas与which的区别as引导非限制性定语从句时可放于句首，而which不可以。as通常翻译成正如…就像…as引导的从句在语意上不能与主句相悖。Shewasmarriedagain,as/whichwasexpected.

Shewasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.定语从句和同位语从句的区别：Thefactthathepresentedwasastrongproof.(定语从句)Thefactthathehadn’tsaidanythingsurprisedme.〔同位语从句〕Thenewsthathetoldmeistrue.〔定语从句〕Thenewsthathegotafullscoreistrue.〔同位语从句〕定语从句是对前面名词或代词的修饰或限定；同位语从句是表示前面的具体内容。定语从句that做宾语时可以省略，指物时可用which代替；同位语从句中，that不作成分，只起连接作用，不能省略，不能用which代替。when,where等引导Jointhepairsofsentencesusingrestrictiveornon-restrictiveattributiveclauses.

1.Herearethefarmers.Theydiscoveredtheundergroundcitylastmonth.

Herearethefarmerswhodiscoveredtheundergroundcitylastmonth.

2.Shegotsoangry.Idon’tknowthereason.

Idon’tknowthereasonwhyshegotsoangry.PractisingPage43.Irememberthesoldier.HetoldmenottotellanyonewhatIhadseen.

IrememberthesoldierwhotoldmenottotellanyonewhatIhadseen.4.Thesoldiersmovedtheboxestoamine.Theywantedtohidethem.

Thesoldiersmovedtheboxestoamine,wheretheywantedtohidethem.5.ShaanxiProvinceisaplacewithmanyculturalrelics.Theyarewelllookedafter.

ShaanxiProvinceisaplacewhose/whereculturalrelicsarewelllookedafter.HangzhouisafamouscityinChina.Manypeoplecometobuyteainthatcity.

HangzhouisafamouscityinChina,wheremanypeoplecometobuytea.7.TheoldmansawsomeGermanstakingaparttheAmberRoomandremovingit.Youaretalkingtoanoldman.

Theoldman,whoyouaretalkingto,sawsomeGermanstakingaparttheAmberRoomandremovingit./YouaretalkingtotheoldmanwhosawsomeGermanstakingaparttheAmberRoomandremovingit.8.Thewomanrememberedtheday.ShesawNaz