高考英语二轮复习方案 专题限时训练（二十三）科普知识型阅读理解2

专题限时训练(二十三)[科普知识型阅读理解(二)](限时：25分钟)ALastnight'smeteor(流星)showerleftmanypeopleinthecommunitydissatisfiedanddemandinganswers.AccordingtoGabeRothschild,EmeraldValley'smayor,peoplegatheredinthesuburbsofthecity,carryingheavytelescopes,expectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenedbythecity'slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead.“Myfamilywassofrustrated，”admittedtownresidentDuaneCosby.“Wewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyouting,butitturnedouttobeahugedisappointment.”Astronomers—scientistswhostudystarsandplanets—havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateurstarobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.Thispopulationconsistsofbirds,bats,frogs，snakes，etc.Forexample,outdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating(迁徙的)birds.AccordingtotheInternationalDark­SkyAssociation，“100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.”Countlessmoreanimalcasualties(伤亡)resultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.Clearly，peopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheirevenings,butsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfulforhumans，too.Theyworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseaperson'schancesofgettingcancer.EmeraldValleyisonlyonecommunitythatisbecomingawareofthenegativeeffectsoflightpollution.Foryears,Flagstaff,Arizona,hasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory.Similareffortshavebeenmadeworldwide,andamovementisunderwaytoremindustoturnofflightswhenwearenotusingthem,sothatothercreaturescansharethenight.1．Ithappenedlastnightthat________．A.thecity'slightsaffectedthemeteorwatchingB．themeteorsflewpastbeforebeingnoticedC．thecitylightshowattractedmanypeopleD．themeteorwatchingendedupasocialouting2．Whatdotheastronomerscomplainabout?A．Meteorshowersoccurlessoftenthanbefore.B．Theirobservationequipmentisinpoorrepair.C．Lightpollutionhasremainedunsolvedforyears.D．Theireyesightisfailingduetoartificiallighting.3．WhatistheauthorconcernedaboutaccordingtoParagraph4?A.Birdsmaytakeothermigrationpaths.B．Animals'livinghabitsmaychangesuddenly.C．Varietiesofanimalswillbecomesharplyreduced.D．Animals'survivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting.4．LightingregulationsinFlagstaff,Arizonaareputintoeffectto________．A．lessenthechanceofgettingcancerB．createanidealobservationconditionC．ensurecitizensagoodsleepatnightD．enableallcreaturestoliveinharmony5．Whatmessagedoestheauthormostwanttogiveus?A．Savingwildlifeissavingourselves.B．Greateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergy.C．Humanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentallyfriendly.D．Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy.BStudyingvolcanoesisademandingprofession.HazelRymerfrequentlyhastostrugglethroughrainforests,climbtothetopofmountains,thenclimb200metresintothecraterofactivevolcanoes.Butthe38­year­oldvolcanologistdoesherbesttomakeitsoundlessalarmingthanitis.“Drivingtoworkismorerisky，”sheinsists.“AndthedeepestIgointothecraterofavolcanoisabout300metres，”sheadds,tryingtomakeitallsoundasordinaryastakingthedogforawalk.Hazelhasbeenstudyingvolcanoesforalongtime,soit'snotsurprisingsheisusedtothedanger.Herinterestinvolcanoesbeganatschool.AteachergaveherabookaboutPompeii.“IrememberreadingabouttheeruptionofVesuviusandthedestructionofthecity，”sheexplains.“ThethoughtofallthosepeoplejustfrozenintimehadquiteaneffectonmeandIamstillexcitedbytheirdangerousbeautytoday.”Nowadays,volcanoesaregettingmoreandmoreunpredictable.Therehavebeenmanychangesinsealevelcausedbyglobalwarmingandmeltingicecaps.Thesehaveresultedinsomedormantvolcanoeserupting,sostudyingthemismoredangerousthaneverbefore.Hazelsaysthatalthoughshedoesn'ttakeanyunnecessaryrisk,shehashadsomefrighteningmoments.HerworstexperiencewasontheslopesofMountEtnainSicily,whenshewasslowlysurroundedbylava.“Ihadachoiceofwalkingtenhourstogetaroundthelavafloworjustwalkingacrossit，”sheexplains.Shechosetopickapathacrossthecoolerrocksinthelavastream.“Iguessitwasfivemetres.Theflowwas1，000°C,soifyouhesitated,yourbootswouldbegintomelt.Itwasscary,butitreallywasapracticaldecision—therewasn'ttimetodoanythingelse.”Andwhataboutthefuture?“Ihaven'tbeentothevolcanoesinIndonesiayet.AndIwouldlovetospendsometimeworkingintheAntarctic，”shesays.“Iwouldalsoliketoknowwhyquietlavaflowseruptfromsomevolcanoesandwhyothervolcanoesgobang.”Inotherwords,HazelRymerwon'tbeexchanginghervolcanoesfortherelativesafetyofdrivingtoworkjustyet.1.Hazel'sclaimthat“drivingtoworkismorerisky”thanexploringvolcanoesshowsthat________．A．peoplehaveexaggeratedthedangersofvolcanoesinthepastB．HazeldoesnotreallyunderstandthedangeroussituationssheputsherselfinC．therearemanybaddriversintheplacewhereHazellivesD．Hazelisbeingmodestandunderstatingthedangersshefaces2.WhendidHazelfirstbecomeinterestedinvolcanoes?A．WhenshewasvisitingItaly.B．Whenshewasatschool.C．Whenshewastwenty.D．WhenshesawVesuvius.3.Theunderlinedword“These”(inParagraph3)refersto“________”．A．meltingicecapsB．volcaniceruptionsC．changesinsealevelD．highertemperatures4.WhenHazelwasonMountEtna,shehadto________．A．takeadangerousrouteB．takeanunnecessaryriskC．leaveherbootsbehindD．walkfortenhoursaroundthemountain5.Inthefuture,Hazelwantsto________．A．revisitvolcanoessheknowsB．goonholidaytotheAntarcticC．findalessdangerousjobD．discovernewthingsaboutvolcanoesCOnlineclothesshopperswillbetoldexactlywhatsizeisbest,forthemusingnewsoftwarewhichcombineswiththeirwebcamorsmartphonetoforma“3Dtapemeasure”.ScientistsfromSurreyUniversityUsingtheperson'sheightasastartingpoint,thesoftwarewillbeabletobuildupandestimatetheirsizeatvariousdifferentpointsonthebody,basedontheiroverallproportions.Theresultwillbeamoreaccuratesizingguidethanprevioussystemsbasedonthewaistsizeora“small/medium/large”scale,whichrelyonlimitedmeasurementsandthebuyer'sperceptionoftheirownbodysize.Shoppersandretailers(零售商)whochoosetosignupfortheprojectcouldsavemillionsofpoundsayearinpostagecostsbyremovingtheneedtoordermultiplesizesofthesamegarment(服装)andsendbackill­fittingclothes,researchersclaimed.Theproject,sponsoredbytheEngineeringandPhysicalSciencesResearchCouncil(EPSRC),isexpectedtobebroughttomarketwithintwoyears.Afterchoosinganitem,theshopperwillactivatethesoftware,entertheirheight,standinfrontoftheirwebcamorsmartphoneintheirunderwearandtakeaphotograph.ThesoftwarewillnotstoreortransmittheimagetotheInternet,butwilluseittojudgetheperson'sdimensionsatvariouspointsontheirbody.PhilipDelamoreoftheLondonCollegeofFashionsaid,“Thepotentialbenefitsforthefashionindustryandforshoppersarehuge.Currently,it'scommonforonlineshopperstoordertwoorthreedifferentsizesofthesameitemofclothingatthesametime,asthey'reunsurewhichonewillfitbest.”1.Whatistheessentialpartofa“3Dtapemeasure”？A．Asoftware.B．Awebcam.C．Amicrophone.D．Asmartphone.2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“3Dtapemeasure”？A．ItwillstoreortransmittheimagetotheInternet.B．Itisbasedonthebuyer'sperceptionoftheirsize.C．Itwillbeaco­workingproduction.D．Itusesaperson'sweightasastartingpoint.3.Comparedwiththetraditionalsizingsystem,a“3Dtapemeasure”is________．A．quickerB．morepreciseC．morebeautifulD．morevivid4.Howcanthe“3Dtapemeasure”benefitonlineshoppers?A．Onlineshopperswillgettheirorderedgarmentintime.B．Onlineshopperswillgettheirorderedgarmentmorequickly.C．Onlineshopperswillgetanorderedgarmentofhighquality.D．Onlineshopperswillgetanorderedgarmenttotheirmeasure.5.Whatistherightorderforashoppertoforma“3Dtapemeasure”？①totakeaphotowithawebcam②toactivatethesoftware③toenterhis/herheight④tojudgehisorhersizebyanalysinghisorherimageA．①②③④B．②①③④C．②③①④D．②③④①

专题限时训练(二十三)A【要点综述】本文是一篇科普文，主要介绍了城市的光污染对日常生活、天文学家的工作以及动物的生活都产生了消极的影响。在Flagstaff，Arizona已经采取了灯光管理措施。1．A细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“…sobrightenedbythecity'slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead.”可知，昨天晚上由于城市的灯光太亮，影响了人们观看流星。故选A。2．C细节理解题。根据第三段“…havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfrom…”可知，天文学家多年来一直在抱怨光污染问题未解决。故选C。3．D推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句“…thatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.Thispopulationconsistsofbirds,bats,frogs,snakes,etc.”以及本段最后一句“…‘100millionbirdsayearthroughout…dieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.’”可知，作者第四段主要叙述的是动物也受到了光污染的影响，甚至它们的生存也受到了影响。故选D。4．B推理判断题。根据第六段第二句“…hasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersat…”可知，这条规定是为了给天文学家的工作创造理想的观察条件。故选B。5．C主旨大意题。根据整篇文章的叙述，作者主要描述了城市的光污染对人们生活、工作以及动物的生存造成的影响，因此作者在文中呼吁我们人类的活动应该对环境有利。故选C。B【要点综述】本文主要介绍了火山学家HazelRymer的一些关于火山的研究活动。1．D由此句话的前一句“Butthe38­year­oldvolcanologistdoesherbesttomakeitsoundlessalarmingthanitis.”以及此句话可知，HazelRymer说开车上班比对火山进行研究更危险可推断出，她是以一种谦虚的说法淡化其面临的危险。2．B由第二段第二句“Herinterestinvolcanoesbeganatschool.”可知她在读书时就对火山感兴趣。3．C由画线词的前一句话“Therehavebeenmanychangesinsealevelcausedbyglobalwarmingandmeltingicecaps.”可知画线词应该指的是海平线的变化。4．A由第三段最后几句“‘Ihadachoiceofwalkingtenhourstogetaroundthelavafloworjustwalkingacrossit，'sheexplains.Shechosetopickapathacrossthecoolerrocksinthelavastream.‘Iguessitwasfivemetres.Theflowwas1，000°C,soifyouhesitated,yourbootswouldbegintomelt.Itwasscary,butitreallywasapracticaldecision—therewasn'ttimetodoanythingelse.'”可知她选择了从