阅读理解精练8（含答案与解析）-2022届高考英语专训

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

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YouareaGermanlivinginBerlin.Onedayyourewalkingdownthestreet,minding

yourownbusiness,whensuddenlyastrangercomesupwithasmileonhisface.After

stoppingyou,heholdsasmallelectronicdevice［装置］closetohisfaceandspeaks

slowlyintoit,saying,inEnglish,"CanyoutellmewhereIcanbuysomesauerkraut?"

Whatshouldyoudo?(a)Runaway;(b)Callthepolice;or(c)Listencloselyfor

thedevicetosayinGerman,"KennanSeeMirbitesage,welchessauerkrauthauled

ken?”

Themostproperanswerwouldbe(c)becausethepersoninfrontofyouisonlya

touristtryingtoenjoyhimself.Thedeviceissaidtobetheworld'sfirstportable［便携的］

translator—ahand-heldmicrocomputerthatatthesametimetranslatesonespoken

languageintoanother.Thefour-pound,batteryoperatedproductiscalledtheVoice,

anditistheinventionofAdvancedProductsandTechnologies,anAmericanelectronics

company.WhentheVoiceisintroducedintheUnitedStatesinlateApril—atapriceof

(1,500—itwillbeusedtotranslatespokenEnglishintoItalian,German,Frenchand

Spanish.Theproductcomeswithseparatecartridges［盒式存6者器］foreachofthefour

languages,whichcanbechangedwhentheusertravelsfromonecountrytoanother.It

willbesoldinEuropesoonaftertheUSintroduction,withcartridgesthattranslateItalian,

German,FrenchandSpanishintoEnglish.

TheVoiceusesamicrochip［微型集成电路片］totranslatelanguages.ItisStartedby

voicecommandandproducesvoiceoutputthroughabuiltinspeaker.Whentheuser

makesastatementorasksaquestion,theVoiceimmediatelyrepeatswhathasbeen

saidinanotherlanguage.

1.Thedeviceheldbythestrangerisprobablyakindof.

A.atwo-wayradioB.languagetranslator

C.easily-carriedspeakerD.amulti-functionedcomputer

2.Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmean?

A.CanyoutellmewhereIcanbuysomesauerkraut??

B.CanIaskforsomeinformationfromthepolice??

C.Wouldyouliketotrymydevice??

D.WouldyounotrunawayifIaskyouwheretobuysomesauerkraut?

3.Whenthestrangersays,"Canyoutell...sauerkraut?"heis.

Inrecentyearsresearchoninfantdevelopmenthasshownthatthestandardachild

islikelytoreach,withintherangeofhisinherited［遗传的］abilities,islargelydetermined

inthefirstthreeyearsofhislife.Soababy'sabilitytobenefitfromtherightplaymaterials

shouldnotbeunderestimated.Ababywhoisencouraged,talkedtoandshownthings

andplayedwith,hasthebestchanceofgrowingupsuccessfully.

Inthenextstage,fromthreetofiveyearsold,curiosityknowsnobounds.Every

typeofsuitabletoysshouldbemadeavailabletothechild,fortryingout,experimenting

andlearning,fordiscoveringhisownparticularability：Bricksandjigsaws［七巧板］and

constructiontoys;painting,scribbling［涂鸦］andmakingthings;sandandwaterplay;

toysforimaginativeandpretendingplay—thefirstso-coalgamesforlearningtoplay

andgetonwithothers.

Butatthethirdstageofplaydevelopment—fromfivetosevenoreightyearsold一

thechildisatschool.Butforafewmoreyearsplayisstillthebestwayoflearning,at

homeoratschool.Itiseasiertoseewhichtypeoftoysthechildmostenjoys.

Untiltheageofsevenoreight,playandworkmeanmuchthesametoachild.But

oncereadinghasbeenmastered,thenbooksbecomethemainsourceoflearning.Toys

arestillinterestingandvaluable,whichleaduptonewhobbies,buttheirsignificance

haschanged—toachildofnineortenyearsold,toysandgamesmean,astoadults,

relaxationandfun.

1.Accordingtothefirstpassageweknowthatasachildgrowsup.

A.heshouldbeallowedtochoosehisowntoys

B.heshouldbegiventhesametoys

C.heshouldbegivendifferenttoys

D.heshouldbegivenfewerandfewertoys

2.accordingtothepassage,theabilitiesachildhasinheritedfromhis

parents.

A.determinehischaracter

B.willnotchangeaftertheageofthree

C.partlydeterminethestandardheislikelytoreach

D.toalargeextentdeterminethechoiceoftoys

3.Welearnfromthepassagethatachildhasboundlesscuriosity.

A.whenheistwoB.whenheisaroundfour

C.whenheissixD.whenheiseight

4.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.theimportanceofpre-schooleducation

B.theimportanceofschooling

C.theroleofplayinachild'sdevelopment

D.thechoiceoftoysforyoungster

（四）

Inthelast500years,nothingaboutpeople—theirclothes,ideas,or

languages—haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolatedrinkwas

madefromtheseedsofthecocoatree［可可阚bySouthAmerican.Indians.TheSpanish

introducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500s.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensive,

itquicklybecamefashionable.InLondon,shopswherechocolatedrinkswereserved

becameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday.

ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600,theSpanishbroughtitfrom

PerutoEu-rope,whereitsoonwaswidelygrown.Irelandbecamesodependentonit

thatthousandsofIrishpeo-plestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthe"PotatoFamine［饥

荒了'of1845—1846,andthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmove

toAmerica.

TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorld.

Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworld'slargestgrowerof

coffee,andcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.

ButitisnativetoEthiopia,acountryinAfrica.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabs

duringthe1400s.Accordingtoan.Arabiclegend,coffeewasdiscoveredwhenaperson

namedKildanoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffee,bush.

Hetriedoneandexperiencedthe"wide-awake"feelingthatonethirdoftheworld's

populationnowstartsthedaywith.

1.accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghaschangedthemostinthelast

500years?

A.Food.B.Clothing.

C.Ideology.D.Language.

2.Theword"some"inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphrefersto.

A.somecocoatreesB.somechocolatedrinks.

C.someshopsD.someSouthAmericanIndians

3.ThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduringthe"PotatoFamine"because.

A.theyweresodependentonpotatoesthattheyrefusedtoeatanythingelse

B.theywereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica

C.theweatherconditionsinIrelandwerenotsuitableforgrowingpotatoes

D.thepotatoharvestwasbad

4.accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Onethirdoftheworld'spopulationdrinkscoffee.

B.CoffeeisnativetoColombia.

C.Coffeecankeeponeawake.

D.CoffeedrinkswerefirstmadebyArabs.

（五）

PeoplelivingonpartsofthesouthcoastofEnglandfaceaseriousproblem.In1933,

theownersofalargehotelandofseveralhousesdiscovered,totheirsurprisethattheir

gardenshaddisappearedovernight.Theseahadeatenintothesoftlimestonecliff［悬崖］

onwhichtheyhadbeenbuilt.Whileexpertswerestudyingtheproblem,thehoteland

severalhousesdisappearedaltogether,slidingdownthecliffandintothesea.

Erosion［侵蚀］ofthewhitecliffsalongthesouthcoastofEnglandhasalwaysbeena

problembutithasbecomemoreseriousinrecentyears.Dozensofhomeshavehadto

beabandonedastheseahascreptfartherandfartherinland.Expertshavestudiedthe

areasmostaffectedandhavedrawnupamapforlocalpeople,forecastingtheyearin

whichtheirhomeswillbeeatenupbythehungrysea.

AngryownershavecalledontheGovernmenttoerectseadefensestoprotecttheir

homes.Governmentsurveyorshavepointedoutthatinmostcases,thisisimpossible.

Newseawallswouldcosthundredsofmillionsofpoundsandwouldmerelymakethe

wavesandcurrentsfurtheralongthecoast,shiftingtheproblemfromoneareato

another.Thedangerislikelytocontinue,theysay,untilthewavesreachaninlandarea

ofhardrock,whichwillnotbeeatenaslimestoneis.Meanwhile,ifyouwanttobuya

cheaphousewithanuncertainfuture,applytoahouseagentinoneofthethreatened

areasonthesouthcoastofEngland.Youcangetahouseforaknockdownpricebutit

mayturnouttobeaknockdownhome.

1.Whatisthecauseoftheproblemthatpeoplelivingonpartsofthesouthcoastof

Englandface?

A.Therisingofthesealevel.

B.Theexpertsshortofknowledge.

C.Thewashing-awayoflimestonecliff.

D.Thedisappearanceofhotels,housesandgardens.

2.TheerosionofthewhitecliffsinthesouthofEngland.

A.willsoonbecomeaproblemforpeoplelivingincentralEngland

B.hasnowbecomeathreattothelocalresidents

C.canbestoppedifpropermeasuresaretaken

D.isquicklychangingthemapofEngland

3.Theexpertsstudyontheproblemoferosioncan.

A.warnpeoplewhosehomesareindanger

B.provideaneffectivewaytoslowitdown

C.helptoitseventualsolution

D.leadtoitseventualsolution

4.Itisnotfeasibletobuildseadefensestoprotectagainsterosionbecause

A.houseagentsalongthecoastdonotsupporttheidea

B.itistoocostlyandw川endangerneighboringareas

C.thegovernmentistooslowintakingaction

D.theywillbeeasilyknockeddownbywavesandcurrents

参考答案与解析

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本文介绍了一种叫Voice的便携式语言翻译机，主要讲述它的功能。

1.B。细节题。第二段第二句话给出了答案。

2.Ao句意题。listencloselyforthedevicetosayinGerman暗指通过这个装置可以听

见……，应该是与上文一样的句子。

3.Bo推断题。第二段第一句话中atouristtryingtoenjoyhim并没有取笑、嘲笑某人

或开玩笑的意思，只是想方便自己。

4.Do细节题。第二、三段中均有叙述。价格、功能、开发商都已明确提到。

(二)

本文是发言稿，短小精炼，但充分表达了对BillMasters工作能力的肯定以及对其未来

的祝福。

1.C。推断题。由全文最后一句话wishinghimthebestofluckinhisnewwork可推知。

2.C。细节题。由第一段第四行：Inonlysixyears可知。

3.Do细节题。由第一段第三行almostsingle-handed可知。

4.Bo细节题。由第一•段outsellallbutoneofourcompetitors可知。8仇0116除了一

个，意思是第二。

（三）

文章主要讨论了玩具对不同年龄的孩子所产生的影响不同。

1.Co细节题。由第一段中的Thereforeitisimportanttochoosesuitabletoysfor

differentstagesofachild'sdevelopment可知。而由常识可知