阅读理解-2021年小升初英语必考语法和题型（解析版）

专题15阅读理解

一、阅读理解的考查内容

阅读理解所给的阅读材料一般有是短文、图表、图片或表格等文字材料，要求学生根据其内容和要求

答题。阅读理解是考查学生综合运用英语知识能力的题型。主要考查学生阅读理解、分析判断、语言运用

和逻辑思维等方面的能力。

二、阅读理解的常见题型

1.阅读短文判断正误；

2.阅读短文选择正确答案；

3.阅读短文回答问题。

三、阅读理解的解题技巧

1.看短文后的问题，做到大体了解题意。

2.带着问题通读全文，有图片或图表的短文，还要仔细观察所给图片或图表，了解短文大意，同时把与短

文后问题相关的单词、句子画出来,并认真理解与问题相关的其他信息，做出准确的分析判断。

3.如果遇到生词，可以根据上下文的意思去猜测此词的意思，切不可抓住一个生词不放，影响对整个短文

的理解。

4.最后再读短文，边读边核实答案。

温馨提示：在做阅读理解时，建议注意以下几点：

1.采用默读和目视阅读方法，做到不出声不指读；

2.集中注意力，不要一遇到阅读故障就停下来；

3.不要凭主观印象答题，作答时必须先在原文中找到依据；

4.答题时不要草率，注意看完题目的所有选项，仔细对比依据；

5.做完题后，一定要复查，确保正确。

（一）阅读短文判断正误

A

Igototherestaunmt.2.1wanttoeatahamburger.AndIwanttodrink

5.twocolas.It'stwelvedollars.

Krke

GIgototherestauranttoo.3.Idon'twanttodrinkanything」wantto

eatsomebread.It'sfivedollars.

1Dashanj

e1.Igotothebookshop.4.1wanttobuyanEnglishbookanda

'MikeJpencil.Ifstendollarsandtwelvecents.

()l.KeKeandMikegototherestaurant.

()2.KeKewantstoeatahamburger.

()3.Dashanwantstodrinkacola.

()4.MikewantstobuyanEnglishbookandapencil.

()5.Ahamburgerandacolaaretwelvedollars.

1.F【解析】KeKe的描述中是去了餐厅，但是Mike的表述中是去了bookshop,

2.T【解析】KeKe的描述中有提到想要一个汉堡包。

3.F【解析】Dashan的描述是"1don'twanttodrinkanythingw

4.T【解析】Mike的描述是“IwanttobuyanEnglishbookandapencil.w

5.F【解析】在KeKe的描述中是Ahamburgerandtwocolas,题目表述不对。

B

1.Thereisasmallrestaurantnearourschool.ltisverynice.Thefoodisverydeliciousandcheap.Here'sthe

menu:

Fish:Y162.Soup:¥1.5Meat:¥8Noodles:¥53.Hamburger:¥10Rice:¥2Sandwich:¥6

Afterschool,weoftengotheretoeatsomefood.Ilikehamburgers.Daminglikessandwiches.4.LiPinglikes

fish.5.Sometimesourteachersgotheretohavetheirdinner.

()1.Therestaurantisnearourschool.

()2.Thesoupis$1.5.

()3.1havetenyuan.Icanbuyahamburger.

()4.LiPingdoesn'tlikefish.

()5.Theteachersdon'tgototherestauranttohavedinner.

1.T【解析】文中第一段第一句有提到"Thereisasmallrestaurantnearourschool.

2.T【解析】文中第二段有提到“Soup:¥L5”

3.T【解析】文中第二段有提到“Hamburger、10”

4.F【解析】文中第三段有提到“LiPinglikesfish.”

5.F【解析】文中最后一句有提到“Sometimesourteachersgotheretohavetheirdinner”。

C

TomorrowisSunday.1.Iamgoingtowatchafoolballmatch(比赛).Itwill2,beginathalfpastseveninthe

evening.XiaohuaandLindaaregoingtowatchitwithme.Atfirstwewanttogotherebybike.Butitwillrain

tomorrow.3.Sowearegoingtherebybusatlast.4.Wearegoingtoeatsandwichesafterthematch.Wewillcome

backatteno'clockintheevening.

()1.1amgoingtowatchabasketballmatch.

()2.ThematchisgoingtobeginathalftosevenonSundayevening.

()3.Wearegoingtherebybusatlast.

()4.Wearegoingtoeatsandwichesbeforethematch.

()5.TodayisSaturday.

LF【解析】文中有提到是去"footballmatch(比赛)”

2.F【解析】文中提到的时间为“halfpastseven”

3.T【解析】文中倒数第三句提到“Sowearegoingtherebybusatlast.v

4.F【解析】文中倒数第二句提到“...eatsandwichesafterthematch”

5.T【解析】文中第一句有提到“TomorrowisSunday.”故TodayisSaturday.。

D

1.Therearefoursludenlsintheclassroom.Theyaretalkingabouttheirplansforthesummerholiday-2,Linda

isgoingtoYunnan,becausetheweatherwillbefine【here.NancywillgotoBeijing.Although(尽管)itwillbevery

hot,3.shewantstovisitthsGreatWall.4.SamandAmywillgotoLondoo.Theywillvisitthsirgrandma.Everyone

hasagoodplan.

()1.Therearethreestudentsintheclassroom.

()2.TheweatherwillbefineinYunnan.

()3.NancywillvisittheGreatWall.

()4.SamandAmy'sgrandmadoesn'tliveinLondon.

()5.Everyonehasagoodplanforthewinterholiday.

l.F【解析】文中第句提到是“fourstudents”

2.T【解析】文中第三句提到了相关信息“LindaisgoingtoYunnan,becausetheweatherwillbefinethere.n

3.T【解析】文中有提到“南希回去北京，虽然会很人，但是她想去游览长城”

4.F【解析】文中倒数第二句提到“SamandAmy”要去伦敦看望奶奶，推测出奶奶应该住在London。

5.T【解析】文中最后一句有提到"Everyonehasagoodplan.”故正确。

E

Look!1.ThechildrenarehavingabirthdaypartyforTongtong.Lindaissingingand2.Nuonuoisdancing

withMary.3.LiMingisplayingthepiano,butthebellrings.Sohestopsandeveryonewaits.Tongtongopensthe

door.Morefriendscomein.4.TheybuyanewschoolbagforTongtong.NowtheyaresingingnHappyBirthday*'to

hertogether.Theyareveryhappytoday.

()1.Thechildrenarehavingbreakfast.

()2.NuonuoisdancingwithMary.

()3.LiMingisplayingtheviolin,butthebellrings.

()4.Tongtonggetsanewschoolbagasabirthdaypresent.

()5.Theyareveryhappytoday.

l.F【解析】文中第一句提到是"...havingabirthdaypartyforTongtong”

2.T【解析】文中第二句提到了相关信息“NuonuoisdancingwithMary.M

3.F【解析】文中有提到“LiMingisplayingthepiano,but…”是piano不是violin

4.T【解析】文中倒数第三句提到“TheybuyanewschoolbagforTongtong.”所以Tongtong是得到了新书包

作为礼物。

5.T【解析】文中最后一句有提到“Theyareveryhappytoday”故正确。

F

1.TodayisSunday.Inthemorning,Annaissleeping,butthephonerings.Shewakesupfromherdream.She

getsupand2.goestotheparknearherhome.3.Sheiswalkinginthepark,butitstartstorain.Shehastogo

home.4.Sheisreadingabookathome,butthebellrings.Intheafternoon,5.Annaisridinghe】bike,butsuddenlya

littledogrunstoher.Shefallsoffherbike.Sheissosad.

()1.OnSundaymorning,Annaissleeping,butthephonerings.

()2.TheparkisnearAnna'shome.

()3.Annaiswalkinginthepark,butitstartstosnow.

()4.Annaisdoingherhomework,butthebellrings.

()5.Annaisridingherbike,butsuddenlyarabbitrunstoher.

1.T【解析】文中第一句提到了相关内容是uTodayisSunday.Inthemorning,Annaissleeping,butthephone

rings.”

2.T【解析】文中第二行提到了相关信息“goestotheparknearherhome.”表述意思•致。

3.F［解析】文中第二行提到“Sheiswalkinginthepark,butitstartstorain.”是rain不是snow,所以错了。

4.F［解析】文中第三行提到“Sheisreadingabookathome,butthebellrings.”是readingabook不是doingher

homework,所以错了。

5.F【解析】文中倒数第二句有提到”....butsuddenlyalittledogrunstoher.是alittledog不是arabbit,

所以错了。

(二)阅读短文选择正确答案

A

1.Lookattheman.Whatishedoing?He'scarryingaverybigbox.2.Theboxisfullofapples.Hewantsto

puttheboxonthebackofhisbikeandtakeithome.3.Canhedothat?NoJdon'tthinkso.Why?4.Becausethebox

istooheavy.Look!Theboxisbroken.Andtheapplesarefalling.Whatapoorman!Thenheasksforhelp.5.Some

peopleruntohimandhelphim.Howfriendlythepeopleare!

()1.Themanis

A.ridingabikeB.carryingaboxC.eatingapples

【答案】B

【解析】文章前面三句，拼接出来的信息就是Themaniscarryingthebox.

()2.What'sinthebox?

A.Apples.B.Bananas.C.Oranges.

【答案】A

【解析】文章第四句，Theboxisfullof叩pies.意为：箱子里装满了苹果，转述的意思就是箱子里有苹果，

表达一致.

()3.Canthemanputtheboxonthebikeatfirst?

A.Yes,hecan.B.No,hecan't.C.Yes,hedoes.

【答案】B

【解析】文章第二行，这个人想要把箱子放到他的自行车后面带回家.后面发出疑问和回答“Canhedothat?

No,!don'tthinkso.“所以他做不到。

()4.Istheboxheavyorlight?

A.Light.B.Heavy.C.Yes,itis.

【答案】B

【解析】文章第二/三行有提到“Becausetheboxistooheavy.”。

()5.Whathappensatlast?

A.Themanfalls.B.Nobodyhelpshim.C.Somepeoplehelphim

【答案】C

【解析】文章倒数第二句有提到"Somepeopleruntohimandhelphim"。截取的信息就是Somepeoplehelp

hinio

B

Ihadadreamlastnight.Iwasataikonaut.Lindawasinmydream.Shewasataikonauttoo.Wewereina

spaceship.Wesawmanystarsinspace.WewenttoMars(火星).2.Marswasverycold.Therewasnowaterandno

air.Andtherewerenotrees.3.Bui(herewereMarlians(火星人).4.TheMarlianswereveryfriendly.5.Webecame

friendsandplayedgamestogether.Wehadalovelytime!

()1.LastnightIhad

A.aspaceshipB.adreamC.apresent

【答案】B

【解析】找到lastnight所在的第一句,看到“Ihadadream”。故选B。

()2.ItwasveryonMars.

A.hotB.coolC.cold

【答案】B

【解析】找到第二行关于Mars的信息，看到“Marswasverycold."。故选Co

()3.Therewere(was)onMars.

A.MartiansB.treesC.water

【答案】B

【解析】找到第二、三行关于Mars上面的的信息，看到"nowalerandnoair.And(herewerenotrees."所以

BC不对，后一句出现“ButtherewereMartians(火星人)”故选A。

()4.TheMartianswere.

AtallB.proudC.kind

【答案】B

【解析】找到倒数第三句关于Martians的信息，看到"TheMartianswereveryfriendlyFriendly与kind同

义，故选C。

()5.WewiththeMartians.

A.haddinnerB.playedgamesC.madeacake

【答案】B

［解析］找到倒数第二句，看到"Webecamefriendsandplayedgamestogether.故选B。

C

1.Doyouhaveabike?Manychildrenliketoridebikes.Butwheredidbikescomefrom?Thefirstbikewas

invented(发明)about200yearsago.Amanin2.Germanymadeathingwithtwowheels.ltwascalledabicycle.The

wheelsweremadeofwood(由木头制成).Thebikewastoughtoride.4.Manypeoplefellofftheirbikes.

3.Latenamanmadeathingwilh(hiuewheels.ltwascalledatricycle.ilwaseasytorideandsafe.5.Buiitwas

veryslow.

Sincethen,bikeshavechangedinmanyways.Todaywehavemanykindsofbikes.Peopleridebikes

everywhere.

()1.Thepassageisabout.

A.wheelsB.bikesC.Germany

【答案】B

【解析】找到第一段，归纳内容，发现主要提及的事物为bike。故选B。

()2.Bikescomefrom.

A.ChinaB.theUKC.Germany

【答案】A

【解析】找到第二行，"AmaninGermanymadeathingwithtwowheels"。一个在得过的人做了一个带两个轮

子的东西，我们叫它自行车。故选C。

()3.Atricycleissomethingwithwheels.

A.ThreeB.twoC.one

【答案】A

［解析］找到第二段，"Later,amanmadeathingwiththreewheels.Ilwascalledatricycle.^o故选C。

()4."Thebikewastoughtoride"means.

A.itwashardtorideB.itwaseasytorideC.itwasimpossible(不可能)toride

【答案】A

【解析】这个句子,根据后面的提示，"Manypeople3offtheirbikes.”很多人从自行车上摔下来,可知，骑

自行车时困难的。故选A。

()5.Thetricycleisthanthebicycle.

A.fasterB.slowerC.heavier

【答案】B

【解析】找到第二段tricycle的信息所在。后面有描述"Itwaseasytorideandsafe.Butitwasveryslow.”这

个自行车很容易骑也安全，但是它很慢。故选B。

D

DearMary,

Thanksforyourletterandthegreatphotos.Ilikeyourphotosverymuch.Herearesomeofmyphotos.Inthe

firstphotojam3.swimminginthelake.Inthesecondonejamplayingfootballintheplaygroundinourschool.In

thethirdone,youcanseemyfamilyathome.Werehavingdinner.5.Inihelastone,mylitUesislerBethiswatching

TVandIamdoingmyhomework.Bestwishestoyouandyourfamily.Pleasewritetomesoon.

Yours,

Jim

()1.Thisletterisfromto.

A.Mary;JimB.Jim;MaryC.Beth;MaryD.Mary;Beth

【答案】B

【解析】根据信头称呼和落款得知是Jim写给Mary的。故选B。

()2.JimsendsphotostoMary.

A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four

【答案】D

【解析】根据文中点出的中thefirstphoto...Inthethirdone...Inthelastone。得知讲了四张照片的内容,故选

Do

()3.Inthefirstphoto,Jimis.

A.playingfootballB.swimmingC.doinghomeworkD.readingabook

【答案】C

【解析】根据文中点出的Inthefirstphoto的内容看到“Iamswimminginthelake.",故选Co

()4.Jimhasone.

A.sisterB.brotherC.friendsD.photos

【答案】A

【解析】根据搭配，one,排除CD两个复数选项。在最后一张照片提到Jim的sister,全文没有提到

brother故选A。

()5.1nthelastphoto,JimisandBethis.

A.watchingTV;doingherhomeworkB.doinghishomework;watchingTV

C.havingdinner;writingaletterD.swimming;havingdinner

【答案】B

【解析】最后一张照片内容有“Inthelastone,mylittlesisterBethiswatchingTVandIamdoingmy

homework”，注意两个表述倒换顺序了，故选B。

E

1.Itwillbesunnytomorrow.2.0urfamilywillhaveapicnicintheDark.MYdadwilldriveusthere.Wewill

takelotsoffoodanddrinks.3.We'regoingtoeatathalfpasteleven.Iwanttoeatahamburgerandahotdog.4.

Dadwantsacolaandsomebread.Mumwantsaneggandsomeapples.Afterthat,Mumwillreadabook.DadandI

willflyakite.5.Wellhaveagoodtime.

()Litwillbetomorrow.

A.windyB.rainyC.sunny

【答案】C

【解析】根据第一句提示"Itwillbesunnytomorrow.”故选C。

()2.Ourfamilywillinthepark.

A.haveapartyB.haveapicnicC.haveaclass

【答案】B

【解析】根据第二句提示uOurfamilywillhaveapicnicinthepark/,故选B。

()3.We'regoingtoeatat.

A.halfpastelevenB.halfpasttenC.halfpasttwelve

【答案】A

【解析】根据第二行提示uWeJregoingtoeatathalfpasteleven.故选A。

()4.Dadwantsand.

A.somemilk;ahotdogB.anegg;someapplesC.acola;somebread

【答案】C

【解析】根据第二行最后一句提示uDadwantsacolaandsomebread.故选C。

()5.Well.

A.haveagoodtimeB.happyC.besad

【答案】A

【解析】根据最后一句提示“Wellhaveagoodtime.”故选A。

F

LThestudentswerehavingtheirChemis【r\class.2.MissLiwas[ellingthechildrenwhatwalciwaslike.

Afterthat,sheaskedherstudents,"Whafswater?'1Nooneanswered.Afewminuteslater,MissLiaskedagain,"Why

don'tyouanswermyquestion?Didn'tItellyouwhatwaterislike?'*

Justthen,aboyputuphishandandsaid,MMissLi,youtoldusthatwaterhasnocolourandnosmell.Butwhere

canwefindthiskindofwater?3.Thewaterintheriverbehindmyhouseisalwaysblackandithasabadsmell”

4.Mostofthechildrenagreed(同意)withhim.

nTmsorry,children,nsaidtheteacher.”5.Ourwaterisgettingdiny.That'saproblem."

()1.Thestudentswerehavingtheirclass.

A.EnglishB.ChineseC.Chemistry

【答案】C

［解析］根据第一句提示"ThestudentswerehavingtheirChemistryclass.,,故选Co

()2.MissLiwastellingthechildrenwhatwaslike.

A.waterB.airC.earth

【答案】A

【解析】根据第二句提示<4MissLiwastellingthechildrenwhatwaterwaslike."故选A。

()3.Aboysaid,"Thewaterintheriverbehindmyhouseisalways

A.whiteB.blackC.clean

【答案】B

【解析】根据第二段倒数第二句提示"Thewaterintheriverbehindmyhouseisalwaysblackandithasabad

smell.”故选B。

()4.Mostofthechildrenthoughttheboywas___•

A.rightB.wrongC.funny

【答案】A

【解析】根据第二段最后一句提示"Mostofthechildrenagreed(同意)withhim.”大部分孩子同意这个男孩。

A.right对的；B.wrong错的;C.funny有趣的。故选A。

()5.Thewaterintheriverisblackandithasabadsmellbecauseitisgetting.

A.greenB.cleanC.dirty

【答案】C

【解析】根据最后一句提示"Ourwalerisgettingdirty.故选C。

（三）阅读短文回答问题

阅读短文回答问题时，一定要根据问题进行规范的回答。一般问题主要分为两种：一般疑问句和特殊

疑问句（参考四大句型专题）。

一般疑问句的以be动词、助动词do（does、did）/will/have（has）、情态动词can（could）等引导构成,

一般回答yes/no,用什么问就用什么答。如:

—Areyouastudent?-Yes,Iam./No,I'mnot.

-Doyoulikefootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.

—Willyoucometomybirthdaypartytomorrow?—Yes,Iwill./No,Iwont

—CanyouspeakEnglish?-Yes,Ican./No,Icant

特殊疑问句是以疑问词提问的句子。疑问词包括疑问代词(what,which,whose,who)和疑问副词(where,

when,why,how等)。一般不用yes/no回答，回答时要根据问的问题进行作答,如：

-What'syourname?-MynameisLingling.

-What'sinyourbag?-It'sabook(inmybag).

一Howareyoutoday?一I'mfine,thanks.

—Whattimedoyouusuallygetup?—Iusuallygetupatsixo'clock.

-Wheredoyouhaveapicnic?-Ihaveapicnicinthepark.

一Whydoesshelearnmaths?一Becauseshethinksitisinteresting.

—Howoldareyou?—I'mtwelveyearsold

所以，同学们在回答问题时，一定要看清楚问题，再根据文章中找到的信息，进行加工后在填写到横

线上。

A

1.Therei$aparknearmyhome.Peopleliketogotothepark.Look!2.ThatisMrsWang.Sheiswatchingthe

childreninachair.Somechildrenareplayingagame.3.Someboysareplaying「oolball.4.LucyandLilyare

talkingunderatrce.Thereisasmallriverinthepark.Wecanseesomeboatsontheriver.Somechildrenaresitting

intheboatswiththeirfathersandmothers.Listen!5.Agirli】】redissingingasong.Shesingsverywell.Thisis

reallyanicepark.

1.Whereisthepark?

［答案］It'snearmyhome.

2.Whoiswatchingthechildreninachair?

【答案】MrsWang(iswatchingthechildreninachair.)提示：最好写完一句话。

3.Whataretheboysdoing?

【答案】Theyareplayingfootball.提示：回答时可以用人称代词替换问题中的名词。

4.WhereareLucyandLily?

【答案】Theyareunderthetree.提示：只回答地点即可。

5.Whatisthegirlinreddoing?

【答案】Sheissingingasongo

1.ToinoirowwillbeShanshan'sbirthday.Herfamilywillhaveabirthdaypartyforher.Nowtheyaregetting

readyforit.2.Herfatherisatthesupcrmarkcl.He'sbuyingthingsfortheparty.Hewillcomebackinanhour.3.Her

motherismakingabirthdaycake.Itwillbeverydelicious.4.Hersisterismakingabirthdaycard.WhatisShanshan

doing?5.Sheiswritingletterstoinvitesomefriendstocometotheparty.

1.WhenisShanshan'sbirthday?

【答案】Tomorrow.

2.WhereisShanshan's