糟糕的睡眠会影响你的心理健康等2则外刊阅读训练-2023届高三英语二复习

外刊精读精练

糟糕的睡眠会影响你的心理健康

导读：

我们每个人每天都需要足够的睡眠来保持和恢复体力。睡眠不足所带

来的负面影响有哪些？一项研究发现缺觉不仅会影响我们的身体健康而且

还会给我们的心理健康造成危害。本次讨论不良睡眠对人的影响。

一、语篇泛读

Howmuchsleepdoyouneed?Doyoufindthatifyoudon'tget

enoughshut-eyeandwakeupfeelingdopeyzyouspendtherestoftheday

inabadmood?Icertainlyneedmyeighthoursanightandthat'simportant

accordingtoresearch,becausebadsleepisn'tgoodforourhealth.

Weallneedagoodnight'sresttorechargeourbatteries,butaccording

totheSleepCouncilintheUK,theaverageBritongetssix-and-a-halfhours

sleepanight,whichformostpeopleisnotenough.It'stemptingtocutback

onthesleepweget,afterallthereareplentyofothermorefunoruseful

thingstobedoing.Sometimesthepressureofworkoralongcommute

meansthatourheadhitsthepillowmuchlaterthanitshould.Butlotsof

studieshaveshownthatcuttingbackonsleep,deliberatelyorotherwise,

canhaveaseriousimpactonourbodies.

Studieshaveprovedthatsleepdeprivationhasanegativeeffectonour

bodiesbutitcanalsohaveaneffectonourmentalhealth.ABBCprogramme

calledTrustMe,I'maDoctorrananexperimentwiththeUniversityof

Oxfordandwassurprisedtodiscoverhowquicklythemoodofthepeople

theyweretestingchangedwhentheirsleepwasrestrictedtofourhoursa

nightforjustthreenights.Doctoralstudent,SarahReeve,whoranthe

experiment,said:"Therewereincreasesinanxiety,depressionandstress,

alsoincreasesinparanoiaandfeelingsofmistrustaboutotherpeople".

Thisandotherresearchintothementalhealthofstudents,hasfound

thatthelackofsleepincreasesournegativeemotions.IknowthatwhenI'm

sleepdeprived,itishardertofeelpositiveaboutthingsoreventhink

straight!DanielFreeman,professorofclinicalpsychologyatOxford

University,agreesthatinsomniaisbadforourbrain.Hesays:"Wehave

morenegativethoughtswhenwe'resleep-deprivedandwegetstuckin

them".

Badsleepdoesn'tautomaticallymeanyou'llgetmentalhealthissues

butotherstudieshaveshownthatdeprivingpeopleofenoughsleepforonly

afewnightsinarowcanbeenoughtoputhealthyadultsintoapre-diabetic

state.Sowithallthisevidencemaybeweshouldconcentrateonsleeping

well.Thismeansgoingtobedatasensibletimeandcreatingtheright

environmentinthebedroomtorelaxandsleepin.There'salsothemodern

distractionofusingsmartphonesandtabletsatbedtime,temptingustostay

awake.Thebluelightemittedbyelectronicdevicesmakesusfeellesssleepy

Andusingthemstimulatesourbrainwhenitshouldbewindingdown.What

helpsyougetagoodnight'ssleep?

二、词汇表

shut-eye闭眼,睡眠

wakeup醒来

dopey嗜睡的，迷迷糊糊的

rechargeourbatteries恢复我们的体力

headhitsthepillow头挨枕头，睡觉

cutback减少

sleepdeprivation睡眠不足

mentalhealth心理健康

anxiety焦虑（症）

paranoia多疑，妄想症

lackofsleep缺觉

negativeemotions负面情绪

thinkstraight清楚地思考，思路清晰

insomnia失眠（症）

pre-diabeticstate糖尿病前期状态

sleepy困的，瞌睡的

stimulate刺激

winddown平静下来，放松

三、测试与练习

阅读课文并回答问题。

1.Trueorfalse?Sixandahalfhoursisnotenoughsleepformost

peopleintheUK.

2.Howmanyhours*sleepdidstudentshaveintheexperimentcarried

outbytheUniversityofOxford?

3.Accordingtoresearch,whathappenstoourmoodwhenwehaveless

sleep?

4.Whichwordusedinthearticlemeans'aneffectoraninfluence'?

5.Whatisitaboutusingsmartphonesandtabletsatbedtimethatstops

usgettingtosleep?

请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填

入句子的空格处。

1.Shestartedfeelingandwasconvincedherbosswasgoingto

fireher.

dopeyparanoid

insomniastimulating

2.Hesuffersfromdepression,buthecan'tdiscusshiswithhis

employer.

mentallyhealthmentality

mentalhealthshut-eye

3.Afterworkingallnight,Iwasunabletoatthemeetingthe

nextmorning.

cutbackstimulate

thinkstraight

rechargemybatteries

4.Seansuffersfrombecausehedrinkstoomuchcoffeebefore

bedtime.

insomniaacold

shut-eyedopey

5.Aglassofwinereallyhelpsmeafterabusydayatwork.

windupwinding

stimulatewinddown

【参考答案】

阅读课文并回答问题。

1.Trueorfalse?Sixandahalfhoursisnotenoughsleepformost

peopleintheUK.

True.AccordingtotheUK'sSleepCouncil,theaverageBritongets

six-and-a-halfhour'ssleepanight,whichformostpeopleisnotenough.

2.Howmanyhours'sleepdidstudentshaveintheexperimentcarried

outbytheUniversityofOxford?

Theirsleepwasrestrictedtofourhoursanightforjustthreenights.

3.Accordingtoresearch,whathappenstoourmoodwhenwehaveless

sleep?

Lackofsleepincreasesournegativeemotionsandwehavemorenegative

thoughts.

4.Whichwordusedinthearticlemeans'aneffectoraninfluence1?

Impact.

5.Whatisitaboutusingsmartphonesandtabletsatbedtimethatstops

usgettingtosleep?

Theyemitbluelightandusingthemstimulatesourbrain.

请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填

入句子的空格处。

1.Shestartedfeelingparanoidandwasconvincedherbosswasgoing

tofireher.

2.Hesuffersfromdepression,buthecan'tdiscusshismental

healthwithhisemployer.

3.Afterworkingallnight,Iwasunabletothinkstraightatthemeeting

thenextmorning.

4.Seansuffersfrominsomniabecausehedrinkstoomuchcoffeebefore

bedtime.

5.Aglassofwinereallyhelpsmewinddownafterabusydayatwork.

我们离半机械人时代又近了一步

导读：

多年来，科幻小说一直在不断地为我们描绘各种体能超强的半机械人

类生活在未来的场景。随着生物科技的迅速发展，半机械人类的时代离我

们又近了一步。最新的一项生物科技突破是否证明集成技术的发展前景无

限光明？本集《外刊精读》带你走进生物科技。

一、语篇泛读

Vocabulary:biotechnology词汇：生物技术

Iamamassivesciencefictiongeek.EversinceIwasyoung,I'vebeen

captivatedbytalesofinterstellaradventure,aliens,robots,

andcutting-edgetechnology.Ialwayslovedtheconceptofcyborgs.That'sa

human-robothybrid.Theyareordinaryhumanswhohavebeenenhancedin

somewaybytechnology;moreintelligence,fasterspeedorbetterresilience

todiseaseanddamage.Greatideas,butIneverthoughtI'dseetheminmy

lifetime.

Well,Istandcorrected.Integratedbiologyandtechnologyisalready

hereandpeoplehavewastednotimeutilisingittore-engineertheirbodies.

Take,forexample,NeilHarbisson,whohasanantennaprotrudingfromhis

headthatallowshimtohearcolour,orMoonRibas,whohasanimplantthat

allowshertosenseseismicactivity.Now,neitherareabilitiesthatI

particularlycovet,butit'sastart.

Anditdoesn'tendthere.Astechnologyincreasessotoowillourability

toenhanceourselvesthroughit.Oneofthelatestdevelopmentsis

thegraphenetattoo.Notanactualtattooatall,butmorelikeapatch,the

graphenetattoocouldrevolutionisebiomedicalmonitoring.

Itlooksmuchlikeatransparentplaster,butwithagold

colouredcircuitboardcontainedwithinit.Thiscircuitisthegraphene.

Grapheneisaformofcarbon,butit's200timesstrongerthansteel

andconductselectricitybetterthangold,whichisthecomponenttypically

usedinelectronics.

Thehumanbodyisbasicallyanelectricalmachine.Whenincontactwith

theskin,thegrapheneintheplasterisabletoreadandconductthe

electricity-allowingittoeasilybeusedasamedicalmonitorforheart-rate

andpulse,amongotherthings.Andevenmore,graphenetattooscanbe

usedasbioelectroniccontrollers,asdemonstratedbyoneengineerwho

attachedthemtohiseyelidsinordertodirectwhichwayadroneflew,just

bylookingwithhiseyes!

Iknowthatbiotechnologyisalongwayfromallowinghumanstobe

abletoliftacarorrunhalf-wayaroundtheworldinasingleday,likeI

wantedtobeabletodowhenIwasachild.But,it'simprovingallthetime

andoncethepriceofgraphenefaIls,whoknowswhatelsewe'llbeableto

do?I'llseeyouinthefuture!

二、词汇表

geek呆子，极客

interstellar星际的

cutting-edge前沿的

cyborg半机械人

hybrid混合体

enhanced强化的，增强的

integrated合成一体的

re-engineer重建，重新组合

antenna触角

protrude伸出

implant植入

seismic地震的，造成严重破坏的

covet渴望，贪求

graphene石墨烯

patch贴布,贴片

transparent透明的

circuitboard电路版

carbon碳

conduct传导（电）

component零部件,组成部分

bioelectronic生物电子的

三、测试与练习

阅读课文并回答问题。

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatisacyborg?

2.Whichenhancementsdothetwocyborgsmentionedinthearticle

have?

3.Whyisgraphenesuchausefulmaterial?

4.Apartfrombiomedicalapplications,whatotherusecangraphene

have?

5.Trueorfalse:Thehumanbodyisexactlythesameasabattery.

请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填

入句子的空格处。

1.AskJohnanythingyouwantaboutmusicinthe1960s.Whenitcomes

tothatstuff,he'ssucha.

cyborggeek

hybridintegrated

2.Don'thaveanyelectronicsinthebathroom.Waterelectricity

andyoucouldgethurt.

re-engineersimplats

transparentconducts

3.Ilovetheirlatestalbum.They'realwaysattheofwhat

anyoneisdoinginthemusicindustry.

cutting-edgeimplant

patchbiotechnology

4.Onedaytechnologywilladvancesofarthattravelwillbea

dailyoccurrence.We'llbeabletogotoothersolarsystems!

cutting-edgecyborg

integratedinterstellar

5.ThisspeciesoftomatoisactuallyaoftheAmericanand

Europeanvarieties.

cyborghybrid

seismicpatch

【参考答案】

阅读课文并回答问题。

1.Accordingtothearticle,whatisacyborg?

Acyborgisahuman-robothybrid.Theyareordinaryhumanswhohave

beenenhancedinsomewaybytechnology.

2.Whichenhancementsdothetwocyborgsmentionedinthearticle

have?

Onehasanantennaprotrudingfromhisheadwhichallowshimtoh