地质工程专业常用英文词汇

PAGEPAGE5PAGE1PAGE5阐述expound(explain),state引入introduceinto相应的corresponding概念conception概论overview概率probability概念化conceptualize宏观的macroscopic补充complement规划plan证明demonstrate,certify,attest证实confirmation补偿compensate,makeup,imburse算法algorithm判别式discriminant有限元方法finiteelementmethod(FEM)样本单元法sampleelementmethod(SEM)赤平投影法stereographicprojectionmethod(SPM)赤平投影stereographicprojection干扰位移法interferencedisplacementmethod(IDM)干扰能量法interferenceenergymethod(IEM)条分法methodofslices极限平衡法limitequilibriummethod界面元法boundaryelementmethod模拟simulate计算程序computerprogram数值分析numericalanalysis计算工作量calculationload解的唯一性uniquenessofsolution多层结构模型laminatedmodel非线性nonlinear横观各向同性lateralisotropy各向同性isotropy各向异性anisotropy非均质性heterogeneity边界条件boundarycondition本构方程constitutiveequation初始条件initialcondition初始状态restcondition岩土工程geotechnicalengineering,土木工程civilengineering基础工程foundationengineering最不利滑面themostdangerousslipsurface交替alternate控制论cybernetics大量现场调查massfieldsurveys组合式combinedtype相互作用interaction稳定性评价stabilityevaluation均质性homogeneity介质medium层layer,stratum组构fabric1地形地貌geographicandgeomorphic工程地质条件engineeringgeologicalconditions地形地貌条件geographicandgeomorphicconditions地形landform地貌geomorphology,relief微地貌microrelief地貌单元landformunit,geomorphicunit坡度grade地形图reliefmap河谷rivervalley河道rivercourse河床riverbed(channel)冲沟gully,gulley,erosiongully,stream(brook)河漫滩floodplain(valleyflat)阶地terrace冲积平原alluvialplain三角洲delta古河道fossilrivercourse,fossilstreamchannel冲积扇alluvialfan洪积扇diluvialfan坡积裙talusapron分水岭divide盆地basin岩溶地貌karstlandfeature,karstlandform溶洞solutioncave,karstcave落水洞sinkhole土洞Karsticearthcave2地层岩性地层geostrome(stratum,strata)岩性lithologiccharacter,rockproperty岩体rockmass岩层bedstratum岩层layer,rockstratum母岩matrix,parentrock相变facieschange硬质岩strongrock,film软质岩weakrock硬质的competent软质的incompetent基岩bedrock岩组petrofabric覆盖层overburden交错层理crossbedding层面beddingplane片理schistosity层理bedding板理（叶理）foliation波痕ripple-mark泥痕mudcrack雨痕raindropimprints造岩矿物rock-formingminerals粘土矿物claymineral高岭土 kaolinite蒙脱石montmorillonite伊利石illite云母mica白云母muscovite黑云母biotite石英quartz长石feldspar正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase辉石pyroxene,picrite角闪石hornblende方解石calcite构造structure结构texture组构fabric(tissue)矿物组成mineralcomposition结晶质crystalline非晶质amorphous产状attitude火成岩igneous岩浆岩magmaticrock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山volcano侵入岩intrusive(invade)rock喷出岩effusiverock深成岩plutonicrock浅成岩pypabysalrock酸性岩acidrock中性岩inter-mediaterock基性岩basicrock超基性岩ultrabasicrock岩基rockbase(batholith)岩脉（墙）dike岩株rockstock岩流rockflow岩盖rocklaccolith(laccolite)岩盆rocklopolith岩墙rockdike岩床rocksill岩脉veindyke花岗岩granite斑岩porphyry玢岩porphyrite流纹岩rhyolite正长岩syenite粗面岩trachyte闪长岩diorite安山岩andesite辉长岩gabbro玄武岩basalt细晶岩aplite伟晶岩pegmatite煌斑岩lamprophyre辉绿岩diabase橄榄岩dunite黑曜岩obsidian浮岩pumice火山角砾岩vulcanicbreccia火山集块岩volcanicagglomerate凝灰岩 tuff沉积岩sedimentaryrock碎屑岩clasticrock粘土岩clayrock粉砂质粘土岩siltyclaystone化学岩chemicalrock生物岩biolith砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia砂岩sandstone石英砂岩quartzsandstone粉砂岩siltstone钙质粉砂岩calcareoussiltstone泥岩mudstone页岩shale盐岩saline石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite泥灰岩marl泥钙岩argillo-calcareous泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous砂质arenaceous泥质argillaceous硅质的siliceous有机质organicmatter粗粒coarsegrain中粒medium-grained沉积物 sediment(deposit)漂石、顽石boulder卵石cobble砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt粘土clay粘粒 claygrain砂质粘土sandyclay粘质砂土clayeysand壤土、亚粘土loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandyloam浮土、表土regolith(topsoil)黄土loess红土laterite泥灰 peat软泥 ooze淤泥mire,oozedmud,sludge,warpclay冲积物（层）alluvion冲积的alluvial洪积物（层）proluvium,diluvium,diluvion洪积的 diluvial坡积物（层） deluvium残积物（层） eluvium残积的 eluvial风积物（层） eoliandeposits湖积物（层） lakedeposits海积物（层） marinedeposits冰川沉积物（层）glacier(drift)deposits崩积物（层）colluvialdeposits,colluvium残积粘土residualclay变质岩metamorphicrock板岩slate千枚岩phyllite片岩schist片麻岩gneiss石英岩quartzite大理岩marble糜棱岩mylonite混合岩migmatite碎裂岩cataclasite3地质构造地质构造geologicstructure结构构造structuraltexture大地构造geotectonic构造运动tectogenesis造山运动orogeny升降运动verticalmovement水平运动horizontalmovement完整性perfection(integrity)起伏度waviness尺寸效应sizeeffect围压效应confiningpressureeffect产状要素elementsofattitude产状attitude,orientation走向strike倾向dip倾角dipangle,angleofdip褶皱fold褶曲fold单斜monocline坑探 exploringmining槽探 trenching天然建材调查 naturalmaterialssurveying(examination)岩土工程勘察报告geotechnicalinvestigationreport鉴定 identification,appraisal鉴定书 expertisereport鉴定人 identifier,surveyor校核 verification总监 chiefinspector比例 proportion地形图 geographicmap地貌图 geomorphologicalmap地质图 geologicalmap工程地质图 engineeringgeologicalmap实测地质剖面图field-acquiredgeologicalprofile(section)构造地质图 geologicalstructuremap第四纪地质图 quarternarygeologicalmap地质详图 detailmapofgeology地质柱状图 geologiccolumnarsection,geologiclog钻孔柱状图 logsofborehole纵剖面图 longitudinalsection横剖面图 crosssection展示图 revealdetailmap节理玫瑰图 roseofjoints基岩等高线 bedrockcontour层底等高线 contourofstratumbottom岩层界线 strataboundary岩面高程 elevationofbedrocksurface坐标 coordinate分层 bedseparation地质点 geologicalobservationpoint勘探点 exploratorypoint(spot)勘探线 exploratoryline勘探孔 explorationhole平洞 adit竖井 riser,shaft,verticalshaft探槽 exploratorytrench探井 exploratorypit钻孔 borehole,drillhole机钻孔 ordinarydrillhole套钻孔 sleevedrillhole管钻孔 pipedrillhole岩芯 core岩芯钻探 coredrilling回转钻探（进）rotarydrilling冲击钻探 churndrilling,percussiondrilling钢砂钻探 shotdrilling铁砂钻进 ironshotdrilling跟管钻进 follow-downdrilling振动钻进 vibro-boring,vibro-drilling泥浆钻探 mudflushdrilling金刚石钻进 diamonddrilling单动式 singleacting双层 doublelayer空气钻探 airflushdrilling钻机 drillingrig钻头 drillbit,drillingbit螺旋钻头 auger勺钻 spoonbit冲击钻头 percussionbit,choppingbit桶式钻头 bucketauger钻杆 drillrod套管 casing岩芯管 corebarrel冲洗掖 flushfluid正循环冲洗 directcirculation反循环冲洗 reversecirculation泥浆 mud,slurry泥皮 mudcake护壁 dado止水 seal,waterseal扫孔 cleaningbottomofhole钻进drilling平硐adit竖井shaft钻探drillingboring8工程地质试验击实试验compactiontest压缩试验 compressiontest固结试验 consolidationtest单轴试验uniaxialcompressiontest现场剪切试验in-situsheartest单剪试验simplesheartest直剪试验directsheartest慢剪试验 slowtest单剪试验 simplesheartest快剪试验 quicktest三轴剪切试验triaxialsheartest三轴压缩试验triaxialcompressiontest动三轴试验dynamictriaxialtest不固结不排水剪试验unconsolidatedundrainedtest(quicktest)固结不排水剪试验consolidatedundrainedtest(consolidatedquicktest)固结排水试验consolidateddrainedtest(slowtest)原位测试 in-situtest现场监测 on-site(in-site)monitoring现场检测 on-site(in-site)inspection观测孔 observationborehole静力触探试验conepenetrationtest,staticpenetrationtest,staticconetest标贯试验standardpenetrationtest十字板剪切试验vanesheartest,vanetest检层法 up-holemethod,boreholemethod旁压试验 pressuremetertest动力触探试验 dynamicpenetrationtest,dynamicsounding点荷载试验 pointloadtest岩石试验 rocktest应力解除法stressreliefmethod应力恢复法stressrecoverymethod套孔法over-coringmethod9岩土体加固掌子面 breast,drivingface,headingface,tunnelface顶拱 vault底拱 invert洞室开挖 excavation超挖 overbreak风钻 pneumaticdrill开挖断面 excavatedsection塌落 slump细骨料混凝土 concretemadewithfineaggregate细骨料 fineaggregate,fineadjustment料场 stockground土料 earthmaterial矿渣 cinder,mineralwaterresidue,scoria,slag性能 function,performance,property,nature凝结coagulate,congeal,congealment,coagulation合格 qualified,ontest,uptostandard初凝 initialset初凝时间 initialsettingtime终凝 finalset配合比 mixproportion塌落度 slump水化热 heatofhydration,hydrationheat,settingheat水灰比 water-cementratio粉煤灰 flyash梅花状 quincuncialpattern喷射 shotcrete浇注 pouring钢筋网 coiremesh加固 reinforce锚杆 anchoredbar,rockbolt锚索 anchoredcable锚紧端 anchorstation锚桩 anchoredpeg采石场 rockquarry开挖 excavation清基 cleanupfoundation明挖 open-cut爆破 explosion光面爆破 smoothblasting预裂法 presplitting10水工概论坝址 toeofdam坝踵heel坝段 monolith坝顶 crest坝肩 shoulders左坝肩 leftdamabutment副坝 saddledam三坝址 thethirddamsite标高 heightmark上游水位 headwater正常库水位 normalreservoirlevel地下洞室undergroundopening(tunnel)压力隧洞 pressuretunnel无压隧洞 gravitytunnel交通洞 accesstunnel灌浆洞 groutingtunnel明流洞 free-flowtunnel孔板洞 orificetunnel排砂洞 sedimenttunnel尾水洞 tailracetunnel排水洞 drainagetunnel导流洞 diversiontunnel隧道tunnel围岩surroundingrock,ambientrock围岩应力secondarystressstatic应力集中stressconcentrate覆盖层overburden冒顶cavein,rooffall底鼓bottomheave回弹rebound岩爆rockburst冻结法freezingmethod超载overbreak衬砌lining围堰cofferdam堤dike近坝岸坡abutments施工（收缩）缝constructionjoint心墙core截水墙cutoffwall防渗墙 diaphragmwall排水井 drainagewells排水幕drainagecurtain减压井 reliefwells反滤层 filterzone灌浆材料 grout水力劈裂hydraulicfracturing帷幔线 curtainline上游围堰 upstreamcofferdam混凝土防渗墙 concretecutoffwall截流 interimcompletion导水墙 channeltrainingwall正常溢洪道渠首工程 servicespillwayheadwork消力塘 linedplungepool隔墙 dividerwalls混凝土护坦 concreteapron副厂房 auxiliarypowerhouse闸门室 gatechamber中闸室 midgatechamber开关站 switchyard电梯井 elevatorshaft尾水渠 tailrace非常溢洪道 emergencyspillway11桥梁及基础工程江阴大桥 JiangyinBridge悬索桥 suspensionbridge锚碇 anchorage重力式嵌岩锚gravitysocketedanchorage北锚碇前（后）锚面 front(back)surfaceofnorthernanchorage塔墩 tower墩pier散索鞍 splaysaddle猫道 footbridge主缆 maincable索股 cablestrand主鞍 mainsaddle,towersaddle主跨 mainspan边跨 sidespan引桥 approach钢箱梁 steelboxmaingirder埋深embedmentdepth北塔墩基础 northtowerbase基础foundation,footing浅基础shallowfoundation深基础deepfoundation联合基础combinedfooting筏形基础 raft(mat)foundation钢模 steelform桩 pile基桩foundationpile群桩 pilegroups桩基础 pilefoundation桩承台pilecap高桩承台high-risepilecap低桩承台buriedpilecap摩擦桩frictionpile端承桩endbearingpile嵌岩桩socketedpile板桩sheetpile旋喷桩jet-groutedpile灌注桩cast-in-placepile沉管灌注桩drivencast-in-placepile支护桩soldierpiles,tangentpiles刚性桩 rigidpile柔性桩 flexiblepile侧向受荷桩 laterallyloadedpile轴向受荷桩 axiallyloadedpile预制桩 precastconcretepile振动打桩vibratorypiledriving振动钻进vibratorydrilling沉箱caisson沉井（沉箱） (open)caisson地下连续墙diaphragmwall,slurrywall支撑bracing超载surcharge接触应力contactpressure井点降水well-pointdewatering桩极限承载力ultimatebearingcapacityofpile承载力bearingcapacity阻力resistance桩端阻力endresistance表面摩擦力skinfriction粘着系数adhesionfactor负摩擦力negativeskinfriction安全系数factorofsafety压缩层compressedlayer附加应力additionalstress,superimposedstress持力层bearinglayer,sustaininglayer地基土foundationsoil,subsoil临塑压力criticalpressure剪切破坏shearfailure地基失效foundationfailure冲剪破坏punchingfailure渐进破坏progressivefailure容许荷载allowableload极限承载力ultimatebearingcapacity沉降settlement沉降差differentialsettlement尾部倾斜angulardistortion倾斜tilting坑底隆起bottomheave静止土压力earthpressureatrest稳定数stabilitynumber路堤embankment地基处理groundtreatmentsoilimprovement垫层cushion加固stabilization注浆injection灌浆guniting帷幕curtain挡土墙retainingwall锚固anchoring喷浆guniting锚杆earthanchor盲沟Frenchdrain振冲法vibrojet12监测仪器观测孔observationbore/hole仪器观测instrumentation读数装置readoutdevice传感器transducer探头probe压力盒pressurecell振弦式应变计vibratingwirestraingauge伸长计、变位计extensionmeter板式沉降仪foundationbase/pate测斜仪inclinometer测压计，渗压计piezometer垂线plumb垂直度plumbness13安全监控可靠性检查reliabilitychecking监控模型monitoringandpredictionmodel监测monitoring资料datum,data可靠性reliability稳定性stability安全safety评估evaluation,appraise评定assessment,assess,rate评价准则criterion灾害hazard,calamity确定性方法论Deterministicmethodology应急行动计划EAP(emergencyactionplan)事故accident紧急状态emergency紧急检查emergencyinspection灾情等级hazardclassification灾害评价hazardevaluation风险评估riskassessment静力（StaticAnalysis）动力（DynamicAnalysis）蠕变（CreepMaterialModel）渗流（Fluid-mechanicalInteraction）热力学（ThermalOption）headwarderosion溯源侵蚀scouringofleveeorbank淘刷stronglyweatheredsiliceousrockmasswithquasi-lamellarweaklyweatheredsiliceousrockmasswithquasi-lamellarofcontinuallyaftershocksof7or8-degreeintensityEvidently明显的Correspondinglyadv.

相应地;相关地;相同地thehangingwalloftriggeringseismicfaultoblique~beddingbankslope专业外语(为方便记忆,跟上面稍有重复)综合类geotechnicalengineering岩土工程foundationengineering基础工程soil,earth土soilmechanics土力学cyclicloading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelasticfound粘弹性地基viscousdamping粘滞阻尼shearmodulus剪切模量soildynamics土动力学stresspath应力路径土的分类residualsoil残积土 groundwaterlevel地下水位groundwater地下水groundwatertable地下水位clayminerals粘土矿物secondaryminerals次生矿物landslides滑坡boreholecolumnarsection钻孔柱状图engineeringgeologicinvestigation工程地质勘察boulder漂石cobble卵石gravel砂石gravellysand砾砂coarsesand粗砂mediumsand中砂finesand细砂siltysand粉土clayeysoil粘性土clay粘土siltyclay粉质粘土silt粉土sandysilt砂质粉土clayeysilt粘质粉土saturatedsoil饱和土unsaturatedsoil非饱和土fill(soil)填土土的基本物理力学性质cc Compressionindexcu undrainedshearstrengthcu/p0 ratioofundrainedstrengthcutoeffectiveoverburdenstressp0(cu/p0)NC,(cu/p0)ocsubscriptsNCandOCdesignatednormallyconsolidatedandoverconsolidated,respectivelycvane cohesivestrengthfromvaneteste0 naturalvoidratioIp plasticityindexK0 coefficientof“at-rest”pressure,fortotalstressesσ1andσ2K0’ domainforeffectivestressesσ1‘andσ2’K0n K0fornormallyconsolidatedstateK0u K0coefficientunderrapidcontinuousloading,simulatinginstantaneousloadingoranundrainedconditionK0dK0coefficientundercyclicloading(frequencylessthan1Hz),asapseudo-dynamictestforK0coefficientkh,kvpermeabilityinhorizontalandverticaldirections,respectivelyNblowcount,standardpenetrationtestOCRover-consolidationratiopcpreconsolidationpressure,fromoedemetertestp0effectiveoverburdenpressurepsspecificconepenetrationresistance,fromstaticconetestqu unconfinedcompressivestrengthU,Um degreeofconsolidation,subscriptmdenotesmeanvalueofaspecimenu,ub,um porepressure,subscriptsbandmdenotebottomofspecimenandmeanvalue,respectivelyw0wLwp naturalwatercontent,liquidandplasticlimits,respectivelyσ1,σ2principalstresses,σ1‘andσ2’denoteeffectiveprincipalstresses渗透性和渗流Darcy’slaw达西定律piping管涌flowingsoil流土sandboiling砂沸flownet流网seepage渗透（流）leakage渗流seepage(force)pressure渗透压力permeability渗透性hydraulicgradient水力梯度coefficientofpermeability渗透系数五．地基应力和变形softsoil软土(negative)skinfrictionofdrivenpile打入桩（负）摩阻力effectivestress有效应力totalstress总应力fieldvaneshearstrength十字板抗剪强度lowactivity低活性sensitivity灵敏度triaxialtest三轴试验foundationdesign基础设计recompaction再压缩bearingcapacity承载力soilmass土体contactpressure接触应力concentratedload集中荷载asemi-infiniteelasticsolid半无限弹性体homogeneous均质isotropic各向同性stripfooting条基squarespreadfooting方形独立基础underlyingsoil(stratum,strata)下卧层（土）deadload=sustainedload恒载持续荷载liveload活载short–termtransientload短期瞬时荷载long-termtransientload长期荷载reducedload折算荷载settlement沉降deformation变形casing套管dike=dyke堤（防）clayfraction粘粒粒组physicalproperties物理性质subgrade路基well-gradedsoil级配良好土poorly-gradedsoil级配不良土sieve筛子Mohr-Coulombfailurecondition摩尔-库仑破坏条件FEM=finiteelementmethod有限元法limitequilibriummethod极限平衡法porewaterpressure孔隙水压力preconsolidationpressure先期固结压力modulusofcompressibility压缩模量coefficentofcompressibility压缩系数compressionindex压缩指数swellingindex回弹指数geostaticstress自重应力additionalstress附加应力totalstress总应力finalsettlement最终沉降slipline滑动线六．基坑开挖与降水excavation开挖（挖方）dewatering（基坑）降水failureoffoundation基坑失稳bracingoffoundationpit基坑围护bottomheave=basalheave（基坑）底隆起retainingwall挡土墙pore-pressuredistribution孔压分布dewateringmethod降低地下水位法wellpointsystem井点系统（轻型）deepwellpoint深井点vacuumwellpoint真空井点bracedcuts支撑围护bracedexcavation支撑开挖bracedsheeting支撑挡板七．深基础deepfoundationpilefoundation桩基础cast–in-place灌注桩 divingcastingcast-in-placepile沉管灌注桩 boredpile钻孔桩 special-shapedcast-in-placepile机控异型灌注桩 pilessetintorock嵌岩灌注桩 rammedbulbpile夯扩桩belledpierfoundation钻孔墩基础 drilled-pierfoundation钻孔扩底墩 under-reamedboredpierprecastconcretepile预制混凝土桩steelpile钢桩steelpipepile钢管桩steelsheetpile钢板桩prestressedconcretepile预应力混凝土桩prestressedconcretepipepile预应力混凝土管桩caissonfoundation沉井（箱）diaphragmwall地下连续墙截水墙frictionpile摩擦桩end-bearingpile端承桩(pile)shaft桩身waveequationanalysis波动方程分析pilecaps承台（桩帽）bearingcapacityofsinglepile单桩承载力lateralpileloadtest单桩横向载荷试验ultimatelateralresistanceofsinglepile单桩横向极限承载力staticloadtestofpile单桩竖向静荷载试验verticalallowableloadcapacity单桩竖向容许承载力lowpilecap低桩承台high-risepilecap高桩承台verticalultimateupliftresistanceofsinglepile单桩抗拔极限承载力silentpiling静力压桩upliftpile抗拔桩anti-slidepile抗滑桩pilegroups群桩efficiencyfactorofpilegroups群桩效率系数（η）efficiencyofpilegroups群桩效应dynamicpiletesting桩基动测技术finalset最后贯入度dynamicloadtestofpile桩动荷载试验pileintegritytest桩的完整性试验pilehead=butt桩头piletip=pilepoint=piletoe桩端（头）pilespacing桩距pileplan桩位布置图arrangementofpiles=pilelayout桩的布置groupaction群桩作用endbearing=tipresistance桩端阻skin(side)friction=shaftresistance桩侧阻pilecushion桩垫piledriving(byvibration)打桩（振动）pilepullingtest拔桩试验pileshoe桩靴pilenoise打桩噪音pilerig打桩机八．地基处理（groundtreatment）technicalcodeforgroundtreatmentofbuilding建筑地基处理技术规范cushion垫层法preloading预压法dynamiccompaction强夯法dynamiccompactionreplacement强夯置换法vibroflotationmethod振冲法sand-gravelpile砂石桩pile-stonecolumn砂石桩cement-flyash-gravelpile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩cementmixingmethod水泥土搅拌桩cementcolumn水泥桩limepile(limecolumn)石灰桩jetgrouting高压喷射注浆法rammed-cement-soilpile夯实水泥土桩法lime-soilcompactionpile灰土挤密桩lime-soilcompactedcolumn灰土挤密桩limesoilpile灰土挤密桩chemicalstabilization化学加固法surfacecompaction表层压实法surchargepreloading超载预压法vacuumpreloading真空预压法sandwick袋装砂井geofabric,geotextile土工织物compositefoundation复合地基reinforcementmethod加筋法dewateringmethod降低地下水固结法freezingandheating冷热处理法expansivegroundtreatment膨胀土地基处理groundtreatmentinmountainarea山区地基处理collapsibleloesstreatment湿陷性黄土地基处理artificialfoundation人工地基naturalfoundation天然地基pillow褥垫softclayground软土地基sanddrain砂井rootpile树根桩plasticdrain塑料排水带stonecolumn碎石桩gravelpile碎石桩replacementratio（复合地基）置换率九．固结consolidationTerzzaghi’sconsolidationtheory太沙基固结理论Barraon’sconsolidationtheory巴隆固结理论Biot’sconsolidationtheory比奥固结理论overconsolidationration(OCR)超固结比overconsolidationsoil超固结土excessporewaterpressure超孔压力multi-dimensionalconsolidation多维固结one-dimensionalconsolidation一维固结primaryconsolidation主固结secondaryconsolidation次固结degreeofconsolidation固结度consolidationtest固结试验consolidationcurve固结曲线timefactorTv时间因子coefficientofconsolidation固结系数preconsolidationpressure前期固结压力principleofeffectivestress有效应力原理consolidationunderK0conditionK0固结十．抗剪强度shearstrengthundrainedshearstrength不排水抗剪强度residualstrength残余强度long-termstrength长期强度peakstrength峰值强度shearstrainrate剪切应变强度dilatation剪胀effectivestressapproachofshearstrength剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法totalstressapproachofshearstrength抗剪强度总应力法Mohr-Coulombtheory莫尔－库仑理论angleofinternalfriction内摩擦角cohesion粘聚力failurecriterion破坏准则vanestrength十字板抗剪强度unconfinedcompression无侧限抗压强度effectivestressfailureenvelop有效应力破坏包线effectivestressstrengthparameter十一.本构模型constitutivemethodelasticmodel弹性模型nonlinearelasticmodel非线性弹性模型elastoplasticmodel弹塑性模型viscoelasticmodel粘弹性模型boundarysurfacemodel边界面模型Duncan-Changmodel邓肯－张模型rigidplasticmodel刚塑性模型capmodel盖帽模型worksoftening加工软化workhardening加工硬化Cambridgemodel剑桥模型idealelastoplasticmodel理想弹塑性模型Mohr-Coulombyieldcriterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则yieldsurface屈服面elastichalf-spacefoundationmodel弹性半空间地基模型elasticmodulus弹性模量Winklerfoundationmodel文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力bearingcapacityoffoundationsoilpunchingshearfailure冲剪破坏generalshearfailure整体剪切破化localshearfailure局部剪切破坏stateoflimitequilibrium极限平衡状态criticaledgepressure临塑荷载stabilityoffoundationsoil地基稳定性ultimatebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基极限承载力allowablebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基容许承载力十三.土压力earthpressureactiveearthpressure主动土压力passiveearthpressure被动土压力earthpressureatrest静止土压力Coulomb’searthpressuretheory库仑土压力理论Rankine’searthpressuretheory朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析slopestabilityanalysisangleofrepose休止角Bishopmethod毕肖普法safetyfactorofslope边坡稳定安全系数Felleniusmethodofslices费纽伦斯条分法Swedishcirclemethod瑞典圆弧滑动法slicesmethod十五.挡土墙retainingwallstabilityofretainingwall挡土墙稳定性foundationwall基础墙counterretainingwall扶壁式挡土墙cantileverretainingwall悬臂式挡土墙cantileversheetpilewall悬臂式板桩墙gravityretainingwall重力式挡土墙anchoredplateretainingwall锚