奥纬咨询+城市交通准备指数：2023年度报告-英

Urban

MobilityReadiness

Index2023

REPORTForewordMobility

lies

atthe

centerofa

global

inflection

point.Record‑breakingheatwaves,

inflation,

and

supply

chainshiftshave

dominated

headlinesand

disrupted

urban

vitality

as

people

decidehow

andwhy

theytravel.These

challengeshave

a

profound

impact

on

societyby

settinga

newparadigmwhere

it’s

gettingincreasingly

difficultto

ensure

affordable

andsustainablemobility

solutions.However,

doublingdown

onthe

simplebuilding

blocks

of

urbanmobility,likeefficient

public

transitor

safer

infrastructure

forpedestrians

andcyclists,can

keepdowntowns

andbusiness

centersbuzzing.An

emphasis

on

those

mobility

fundamentals

lies

at

thecenterofthe2023edition

of

theUrban

Mobility

Readiness

Index,a

rankingof

65globalcities

onhowpreparedtheyareformobility’snextchapter,createdbytheOliverWymanForum

andthe

University

of

California,Berkeley.

Alongside

commentary

oneach

city

andregionalstrengthsand

challenges,

thisyear’sedition

introducestailored

recommendationsfor

eachcity’s

most

important

challenges:how

toimprove

publictransit

andoverall

sustainablemobility

dimensions.Thisedition

marksthefifthanniversaryoftheUrban

Mobility

ReadinessIndex.

Bytrackingprogress

witheach

annualedition,

we

canmonitor

acity’s

evolution

over

a

longer

period

aswell

asits

year‑over‑yearprogress.Reflecting

onthattrajectory,

whetherit’s

oneyear

orfive,

iscriticaltoidentifyingwinningstrategies.We

hope

thatby

focusingattention

onthesimple

essentials

of

urbanmobility,

business

and

policy

leaderscan

be

encouraged

andmotivatedto

build

a

more

sustainable

and

equitablefuture.Guillaume

ThibaultPartnerandMobilityCo‑lead,OliverWyman

ForumAlexandre

BayenProfessor,ElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience,UC

Berkeley3Contents4Foreword36IntroductionWhy

Cities

Should

Focus

On

Mobility

Fundamentals10Regional

AnalysisCity

Profiles1628170176About

the

IndexReferences5IntroductionCHARTINGA

NEW

COURSE

FOR

URBAN

MOBILITYThe

fifth

anniversary

of

theUrbanMobility

ReadinessIndexintroduces

tailoredrecommendationstoimprove

publictransitandsustainablemobilityforeach

city.

It’s

a

leapforward

for

theIndex

to

movebeyond

a

year‑in‑review

reportto

instead

become

anactionable

tool

for

business

andcityleaders.These

recommendationscomplementfour

key

trendsidentified

inthisyear’sedition

thatwilldefineurbanmobilityfor

thenearfuture.SustainableInvestmentSupply

ChainRisksEconomicPressuresConvenientMass

TransitIncreasedinvestmentsinsustainablemobilityarepayingoff,

withmoreconsumerembracesofelectricvehicles,cycling,andcar‑freezones.Europeancitiesmaintainedtheirleadershipinsustainablemobility.Manufacturershavestrengthenedsupplychainsagainstgeopoliticaleventsviamulti‑sourcingandlocalization.InflationandsupplychainshiftshaveLeadingAsiancitiesofferthehighestratesofpublictransitstationdensityandridershiplevels,whileEuropeancounterpartsofferdiversemodaloptionsthatarefastandoperateatlong

hours.disruptedtravelflows.Citiesandbusinessesneedtokeeppublictransitfaresaffordabletorecoupridershiplevelsandkeepcitycenters

buzzing.However,

resourcescarcities—especiallyfornewtechnologies—challengesupplychains.6The2023

Indexincludes

a

selection

of65globalcities

across

five

regions:Asia

Pacific,

Europe,

Latin

America,

the

Middle

East

and

Africa

andNorth

AmericaCitiesaddedin

2023The

top

performing

cities

are

clustered

in

North

America,

Europe,

and

Asia

PacificEuropeNorth

AmericaAsia

PacificMiddle

East

and

AfricaLatin

AmericaSource:OliverWymanForumandUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley7TheIndexcaptureswhat

business,

consumers,

andpolicymakers

considerindispensable

for

urbanmobilityUrban

Mobility

ReadinessIndexSustainable

Mobilitysub‑indexPublic

Transitsub‑indexMobilityreadinessisholisticallymeasuredby

56

KPIsacrosssocialimpact,infrastructure,innovation,systemefficiency,andmarket

attractiveness.Firstlaunchedin2021,theSustainableMobilitysub‑indexmeasurescities’effortstobuildgreenerandmoresustainablemobilityecosystems.Launchedin2022,thePublicTransitsub‑indexmeasurescities’performanceonpublictransitdensity,efficiency,andutilizationrate.Succeeding

inthesefive

dimensionsiscriticalfor

a

winningmobilityecosystemSocialimpactmetricsarebasedonvolatilevariablemeasuresthatoftenprove

controversialformunicipalgovernmentstoregulate,suchascommutingtime,trafficfluidity,publictransitutilization,commuterdensity,carownership,vehicleoccupancy,populationdensity,roadsafety,airquality,andinternationalairport

volumes.Social

ImpactInfrastructuremetricsfocusonstaticmeasuresthatarelikelytoremainnearconstantover

timeorareatleastdifficulttochange,suchasthedensityofpublictransitstations,thewalkabilityofacity,andthestrengthofacity’smultimodalnetworks.InfrastructureMarketattractivenessisbasedonmarket‑drivenmetricsover

whichmunicipalgovernmentscanexertinfluence,suchasthecompetitivenessandpenetrationofsharing‑economybusinessmodelsinmobility,multimodalappmaturityandavailability,fleetmanagement,internetconnectivity,andthescopeofinternationalairport

connections.Market

AttractivenessSystem

EfficiencyInnovationSystemefficiencymetricsfocusoncontrollablefactorsthatareinfluencedby

marketdynamicsandthepublicsector,suchaspublictransportoperatinghours,publictransportaffordability,publictransportreliability,andtrafficmanagement.Innovationisatechnology‑relatedmetriclinkedtoemergingtechnologies,suchasconnectedautonomousvehicles,electrification,andadvancedconnectivity.Itconsidersthecitygovernment’sinvestmentandcommitmenttothesetechnologies,andthecity’sabilitytoattractandkeephigh‑techlaborand

startups.8The

2023

Urban

Mobility

Readiness

Index

ScoreThetopcitiesscorehighlyinadiversesetofmetrics,underscoringthe

importance

ofawell‑rounded

playbook1

Helsinki2

Amsterdam3

Stockholm4

San

Francisco5

Munich6

Singapore7

Zurich8

Paris9

Copenhagen10

Berlin11

London12

NewYork13

Seoul14

Oslo15

HongKong16

Tokyo17

Washington,D.C.18

Chicago19

Boston20

Madrid21

Vancouver22

Sydney23

Los

Angeles24

Barcelona25

Toronto26

Montreal27

Atlanta28

Dubai29

Melbourne30

Beijing31

Houston32

Shanghai33

Milan34

Dublin35

Dallas36

Warsaw37

Istanbul38

Abu

Dhabi39

Moscow40

Rome41

Doha42

KualaLumpur43

Santiago44

Buenos

Aires45

Bangkok46

Sao

Paulo47

CapeTown48

Jeddah49

Jakarta50

Mexico

City51

Johannesburg52

Rio

de

Janeiro53

Riyadh54

Delhi55

Mumbai56

Cairo57

Bogota58

Monterrey59

Casablanca60

Manila61

Quito62

Lima63

Manama64

Nairobi65

LagosSource:OliverWymanForumandUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley9Why

CitiesShould

FocusOn

MobilityFundamentalsSimple,

affordable,

andefficientmobilitysolutions

willhelpcities

navigate

economic

andclimate

disruptionIt’s

moreimportantthaneverforurbanmobilityto

emphasize

the

fundamentals.

Citiesthatofferaffordableandefficientmobility

withsimpleessentials—

likecycling

lanes

orefficienttrains

—

canbuffer

against

risks

likerecord‑breaking

heatwaves

or

highliving

coststhatthreaten

how

and

why

peopletravel.Mobility

Readiness

Index,a

forward‑lookingranking

ofhow

well‑positioned

citiesare

to

leadmobility’snextchapter.Conducted

by

theOliver

WymanForum

inpartnership

withtheUniversity

ofCalifornia,Berkeley,

thecities

thattopped

thisyear’sedition

are

those

thatopted

forthesimplerbuildingblocks

ofurbantransport,

likeManycitiesaretryingtoaddresstheseproblems.Someare

investing

heavily

in

public

transitandcycling

infrastructure,while

othersareexperimenting

withnewpricing

strategiestolower

fares

orare

making

electricvehicle

(EV)purchasesmore

affordableandconvenient,according

to

the

2023

edition

of

theUrbaninfrastructure

andsystemsefficiency,

ratherthanmore

innovative

solutions

still

indevelopment,

likeautonomouscars.

For

theIndex’sfifthanniversary,thereportincludescityspecificrecommendationsonways

to

improvepublic

transitofferings

andtheir

sustainability.Helsinki

And

Amsterdam

Remain

Steady

At

The

Top,

While

London

And

Tokyo

DeclineHowtopcityrankingschangedfrom

2020‑202312▲1.

Helsinki▲2.Amsterdam＝

3.

Stockholm▼4.

SanFrancisco3456▼6.

Singapore78910111213141516▼11.

London▼12.NewYork▼15.

HongKong▼16.

TokyoSource:OliverWymanForumandUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley11Why

Cities

Should

Focus

On

Mobility

FundamentalsNo

city

better

demonstrateshowimportantthese

factorsare

than

Helsinki,

whichclaimsthis

year’stop

overall

ranking.The

Finnishcapital

boastscar‑free

zones,

largeinvestmentsinEV

charging

infrastructure,advanced

cyclinginfrastructure,

and

anexpandingpublic

transitnetwork

with

newlight

rail

andtram

projects.Increasing

publictransit

offerings

is

just

oneway

Helsinki’s

attemptingto

boost

ridership:It

also

makes

itaffordablewitha

roughly

$3ticketthatallows

commuters

to

rideon

anymode

of

transport.Cities

That

Consistently

Invest

inMobility

Make

StridesEven

cities

that

rankin

the

bottom

half

oftheIndexcan

makeleaps

forwardin

modernizingtheirmobility

systems

with

continualinvestmentin

themobility

essentials.Take

Jeddah

andBangkok,which

climbedtherankings

the

lasttwo

years

thanksto

determined

effortsto

boostpublictransitridershipwithaffordablefaresandconvenientservice.ConsideralsoMumbai,atopperformer

inroad

safety,

or

Casablanca,whichhasthe

highest

pedestrian

modalshare

inthe2023

Urban

Mobility

Readiness

sub‑indices

PerformanceEuropeNorthAmericaAsiaPacificMiddleEastLatinAmericaAfrica80%60%40%20%0%Sustainable

MobilitySource:OliverWymanForumandUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley1271%Index.

These

citiesdisplay

a

spirit

ofconsistenteffort

and

investmentin

improvingtheirmobilitynetworks

—

andare

climbing

up

theUrbanMobility

Readiness

Index

rankings

intheprocess.ThosethatslippedinourIndex,likeSingapore,Zurich,Boston,and

Los

Angeles,have

beenoutpacedby

other

citiesthat

are

acceleratingeffortsto

modernizetheirmobilitynetworks.These

citiesshould

continue

to

find

ways

toinnovate

and

make

real

progress

acrossa

rangeof

Index

metrics,from

EV

marketshare

andpublictransitusetoroadsafetyandengagementof

theprivate

sector.ThepercentageofalldistancetravelledinHongKong

viapublictransit;thecitysitsatopthe

PublicTransitsub‑indexfor

thesecondstraightyear.Hong

Kong

Remains

a

Model

forPublic

Transit

AuthoritiesSome

citiesthat

already

offer

a

gold

standardof

mobilityservicescancontinueto

doubledown

ontheir

strengths

withcontinuedinvestment.

Consider

HongKong,

whichforthesecondyear

ina

row,

tops

ourPublicTransitSub‑Index

thanksto

its

efficiency,affordability,

andaccessibility.

Thoseingredientshave

enabled

thecity’s

publictransitsystemto

accountfora

staggering

71%ofalldistance

traveled

withinHongKong.Andcityauthorities

continueto

bolster

thetransitsystemeven

further

—

in2023

itbeganwork

ona

newstation

thatwould

helpconnecttheeastern

andwesternparts

oftheNewTerritories

—

a

major

regionofHong

Kong.The

importanceofthese

continuedinvestmentscan’t

be

understated:

45%

of

consumers

saidthat

accessibilityand

availability

are

themost

important

factorsdriving

theirmobilitydecisions—

a

close

secondto

affordability,according

to

theOliver

Wyman

Forum’s

April2023survey.

Offeringa

dense

publictransit13Why

Cities

Should

Focus

On

Mobility

Fundamentals49%network

that’s

easyto

use

isa

wiseinvestmentforcities

thatwant

to

increasepublic

transitridership

andgrow

theireconomies:

Every$1

billioninvested

inpublictransport

generateseconomicreturnsfivetimes

asgreatand

creates50,000

jobs,according

to

C40,

a

coalition

ofThepercentageof96cities

thatadvocate

forclimate

action.1globalconsumersthatlistedaffordabilityasatopfactorinchoosingamobilitymode.Publictransit

affordability

mustremainatoppriorityfor

citiestomaintainridershiplevels.Inflation

and

Supply

ChainPressures

Challenge

Access

ToEssential

Mobility

ServicesProviding

affordable

publictransit

is

crucialforcities.

Highinflationrates

incombinationwith

supplychain

disruptionshave

squeezedhouseholdsgloballyanddelayed

theproductionofelectricvehiclesandbusesthatmay

delaycityplansonEV

uptake

andresult

in

highercostsin

doingso.

Meanwhile,

a

tight

labor

marketinmany

countriesexacerbatestheissueby

leavingsome

suppliers

withouttruck

drivers

to

delivergoods

whilesome

publictransit

agencies

struggleto

retain

workers

to

deliver

reliableservice.Intensifyingregional

competition

betweenEurope,

North

America,and

Chinato

morecloselyintegrate

value

chainsindicate

how

themobility

industryevolves

in

thecomingyears:Chinahasa

wellspringofraw

materials

tomanufactureEVs,

whilethe

US

seeksto

onshoresemiconductor

manufacturing.Europe’sdecentralized

industry

modelwillmakeitdifficultto

localizesupplychains—

althoughtheregiongenerallyoffersmany

incentives

tobuy

EVs.

Theregionalsupplychain

dynamicswillripplethroughthe

economic

tissue

of

citiesandtheirmobility

systems.Public

transit

ridership

has

notreturnedto

pre‑pandemiclevels

formost

cities

inthe

Index,whichstrains

an

essential

urban14function

thatis

also

challengedby

higherConsider

cities

likeAmsterdam,

Berlin,energyand

maintenance

costs.

TheAmericanPublicTransitAssociationfoundthat

71%

ofthe

largest

transit

agencies

willface

a

fiscalcliffin

thenext

five

years

whilea

EuropeanUnionstudy

notessignificantloss

in

post‑pandemicrevenues.2,3

Andwith

nearly

half

of

consumerscitingaffordabilityand

accessibility

as

the

mostimportant

factors

when

choosinghow

to

travel,according

to

a

Forum

survey,

it’s

vital

thatcitiesbe

resolute

in

satisfying

these

expectations.andMunich.Theyprovide

everythingfromworld‑renowned

cycling

culture

to

strongpublic

transitofferings,

earning

themtop‑10finishes

in

the

Sustainable

Mobility

sub‑indexforthesecondconsecutive

year.

Whilenaturalgas

or

fossil

fuels

still

account

for

largepercentages

oftheir

energy

production,

boththe

Dutchand

Germangovernments

havecommitted

to

transitioning

to

cleaner

sources.Oslo,

whichrelies

ona

nationalhydropowersystem

to

generatenearlyall

of

itselectricity,extended

itsreign

asthetop‑rankedcityin

theSomegovernmentsincluded

inthe

indexarebeingproactive

about

making

publictransitmore

affordable.

Berlin

and

Munich,forexample,benefitfrom

Germany’srecentDeutschlandTicket,which

lets

commutersuse

all

local

masstransitforroughly

$52

perSustainable

Mobility

sub‑index.

That

clean8energypowers

animpressive

EV

fleet—

whichaccountedformore

than

80%of

new

car

salesin

thesecond

quarter

of2023.

Norway

alsoplansfor

zero‑emission

vehiclesto

accountforallnewcarregistrations

beginning

in2025.month.

Seoul,similarly,

plansto

releasea4masstransitpassthat

would

allow

riderstouse

allsubway

and

bus

lines

and

thecity’s

bike‑sharing

service

in2024.5Boston,Urban

vitalitydepends

onaffordable,

convenient,andsustainablemobility

networks.

Asglobalpressures

stress

livelihoodsandtheclimate,citiesmustfutureprooftheirfeasibilityasplacesto

live

andwork.A

return

to

fundamentalsthat

keepmobilitysustainable,accessible,andefficientcanstrengthenthatvitality.meanwhile,

is

studying

thefeasibility

ofoffering

flexible

transit

fares

based

onincomelevels.6Clean

Energy

Generation

Gets

theSpotlight

for

Sustainable

MobilityThewar

inUkrainefocusedattention

onwhatenergy

sources

countries

use

andhow

theysource

them.It’s

a

facet

of

thelargerproblem:how

mobilitycantruly

be

sustainableifit’s

powered

by

oilandgasorcarbon‑heavyenergy

generation.

Citiesthat

are

reliantoncarbon‑heavy

energy

are

off

track

tomeetingtheir

climategoals,according

to

anOliver

WymanForum

analysis.

Butmany

of

the7top

cities

in

the

Sustainable

Mobility

sub‑indexare

makingconcentrated

effortsto

pursuemoreeco‑friendlyalternatives.15Reg

iona

lA

na

lysisThe

fundamentals

of

mobilityaremoreimportant

thanever,

andeach

globalregionhasuniquestrengthsinthosebuildingblocks.

Some

offer

efficientandcost‑effectivepublictransitsystems,

encourage

micromobilitylike

cycling

orwalking,

orlimitroadcongestion

withcar‑freezones.AsiaPacific1820222426EuropeLatinAmericaMiddleEastandAfricaNorth

AmericaUnderstanding

each

region’s

distinctcharacteristics

provides

a

crucialbackdrop

for

city‑by‑cityinsights.1617Regional

AnalysisAsia

Pacif

ic2023vs.

2022‑2Cities

in

theAsia

Pacific

run

the

gamutfromleading

citiesto

those

thatare

stilldevelopingorlagging

in

urbanmobilityreadiness.

Theleading

cities

offerpublictransit

systemsthatare

affordable,

efficient,andhave

highstation

densities

that

make

personal

cars

lessnecessary.

Hong

Kong,which

leadsthePublicTransitsub‑index

for

thesecondyear

inarow,

hasa

public

transitsystemthatcovers

animpressive

71%

of

all

distancetraveled

withinthecity,

according

to

anOliver

WymanForumSingaporeSeoul613↓↑

+7↑

+2HongKongTokyo1516==00Sydney22293032424549545560MelbourneBeijingn/a+1↑ShanghaiKuala

LumpurBangkokJakarta↑

+3+1↑

+2↑=0‑10analysis.

Singapore,

similarly,

withan

efficient9Delhi↓=anddensepublic

transitsystem,isalsoa

topfinisher

in

thePublic

Transitsub‑index.MumbaiManila↑

+2Andyet,

the

regioncancontinue

to

improvepublic

transitstationdensity.

Shanghai,

forexample,performs

belowaverage

in

thisregard,

butits

plansto

increase

thenumber

ofstations

andrail

linesdemonstrate

a

pathtoimprovement

forthe

region.10Cycling

also

is

nota

popular

mode

oftransportation

acrossseveralAsia

Pacific

cities,which

hampers

effortsto

reducecomparativelevels

ofnoise

andlight

pollution.

Both

DelhiandSingapore,

however,

have

committed

toredesigningcity

roads

to

make

room

formorecyclistsandpedestrians.Theregion

is

rebounding

inIndexrankingsafter

shaking

offtravel

restrictionsfromthecoronavirus

pandemicthat

continuedthrough

2022.

These

restrictions

mostlyimpacted

airport

connectivity

and

passengervolumes—

particularly

in

China.And

although18Urban

Mobility

Readiness

Index,

Sustainable

Mobility

and

Public

TransitDistributionofAsianPacificcities’scoresin

percentageSingapore

69.5%Urban

Mobility

ReadinessSustainable

MobilityPublic

TransitHong

Kong

64.9%Singapore

73.9%Source:OliverWymanForumandUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeleyairtravel

measurementswere

stilllow

inthebeginning

of2023,

numbershave

reportedlyrebounded

in

cities

like

Beijing

andShanghai.Dimensions

of

the

Urban

Mobility

ReadinessIndex

scoreRegionalscoresinpercentageacrossthefivedimensionscomparedwithglobal

averageOtherregional

challenges

includea

possibleshift

insupply

chaininfrastructure

in

Asia,anda

declineof

global

electricvehicle

marketsales

as

Europe

accelerates

thepivot

away

fromcombustionenginevehicles.AsiaPacificGlobalSocialImpact54.4%100%75%Innovation40.7%Infrastructure50%50.8%25%SystemEfficiencyMarketAttractiveness51.3%57.3%Source:OliverWymanForumandUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley19Regional

AnalysisEurope2023vs.

2022European

cities

earnedthehighest

scores

intheUrban

Mobility

Readiness

Index,claimingmost

ofthe

top

10

spots

in

theoverall

rankingandthe

Public

Transit

andSustainable

Mobilitysub‑indices.

Their

success

isowed

to

highlevelsofpublictransit

usage

andelectricvehicle(EV)market

shares,

asexemplifiedby

Nordiccities

likeHelsinki,Stockholm,Oslo,

andCopenhagen.Oslo,

withits

monikeras

the“EVcapital

ofthe

world,”

benefitsfrom

a

nationalgovernment

bent

on

zero‑emissionvehiclesaccountingforall

new

car

registrations

in2025.Andeven

with

denseEV

penetration,

thesecitiescontinueto

incentivize

residentsto

shiftfrom

combustionenginecars.Amsterdam,

forexample,

aimsto

have

onechargingstationforevery

fourEVs.11HelsinkiAmsterdamStockholmMunichZurich12↑

+2↑

+43↓‑15↑

+27↓↑‑2+1n/a‑1Paris8CopenhagenBerlin91011↓=LondonOslo0142024333436373940↑

+5MadridBarcelonaMilan↑↑=+1+10Dublin=0WarsawIstanbulMoscowRome↑↑↓+1+1‑3n/aTheir

public

transitnetworks

are

efficientandmultimodalwith

nationalconnections,allowingfor

seamlesscommuterjourneyseven

withfirst‑

andlast‑mile

gaps.Typically,with

integrated

apps

that

makeplanningandpayment

convenient,

European

publictransitnetworks

are

anattractive

caralternative

formany.

European

cities

can

maketheir

publictransitnetworks

even

strongerby

upgradingexistingsubway

systemsandimplementingautonomous

technology.Active

mobility

modes,

likecycling

andwalking,arealsoa

popular

choiceamongEuropeans.

These

citiestypically

have

densecycling

infrastructure

andcar‑free

zonesthatempower

pedestrians

andcyclists.

No

citybetter

exemplifies

thistrend

thanAmsterdam,20Urban

Mobility

Readiness

Index,

Sustainable

Mobility

and

Public

TransitDistributionofAsianPacificcities’scoresin

percentageHelsinki

70.9%Urban

Mobility

ReadinessSustainable

MobilityPublic

TransitOslo

76.8%Zurich

74.0%Source:OliverWymanForumandUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeleywhere

more

thana

quarterofall

tripsare

madeby

bike,

with

plansto

increasethat

rate

to

35%of

all

tripsby

2030.12

Continuedinvestmentsinactive

mobilityinfrastructurewouldraise

airqualitylevels

to

even

greaterheights.Dimensions

of

the

Urban

Mobility

ReadinessIndex

scoreRegionalscoresinpercentageacrossthefivedimensionscomparedwithglobal

averageEuropeGlobalSocialImpact66.3%100%75%Innovation41%Infrastructure50%69.6%25%SystemEfficiencyMarketAttractiveness60.5%64%Source:OliverWymanForumandUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley21Regional

AnalysisLatin

America2023vs.

2022Latin

American

citiesare

developing

or

laggingin

theirmobility

maturity,

both

in

publicSantiagoBuenosAiresSaoPauloMexicoCityRiode

JaneiroBogota43444650525761↓=‑10transit

andsustainability

measuresoverall.

Yetmany

cities

in

theregion

are

improving

thesedimensions

by

increasing

electricvehicle

(EV)use

orby

expandingpublic

transitofferings.=0↓↓↓=‑2‑1‑10QuitoBogota,

forexample,

expectsto

have

thelargest

electricbusfleet

ofany

cityintheworldoutside

of

Chinaby

theendof2023.13

ElsewhereMonterrey

willbenefitfrom

a

$5.4

billionstate‑wide

planto

double

the

city’s

metro

andintroducea

new

fleet

of

low‑emission

buses.14And

while

these

effortswillstrengthentheregion’s

alreadymultimodalpublictransitofferings,

theregion

shouldseekto

impro