高中英语定语从句详解课件

ClassicCoursewareonDetailedExplanationofHigh目录contentsThedefinitionandfunctionofrelevantclausesAttributiveclaimsguidedbyrelativepronounsObjectiveclaimsguidedbyrelevantadvisors目录contentsTheuseofqualificationsinrelevantclausesSpecialstructuresinrelevantclausesTheapplicationofrelevantclaimsinwriting01ThedefinitionandfunctionofrelevantclausesAnattributiveclauseisadependentclausethatmodifiesanounorpronounbyprovidingadditionalinformationaboutitIttypicallyappearsbeforethenounorpronounitmodifications,anditisintroducedbyarelativepronounsuchas"who,""which,""that,"etcWhatisanattributiveclauseToidentifyaspecificpersonorthingfromagroupToclarifytheidentityofapersonorthingToprovideadditionalinformationaboutapersonorthingThefunctionofrelevantclausesAdaptiveclausesTheseclausesmodifyanounorpronounandprovideadditionalinformationaboutit,manylikeanadaptivewouldRelativeclauseswith"who"or"which"TheseclausesmodifyanounorpronounandprovideinformationaboutthepersonorthingbeingmodifiedTheyareintroducedbyrelativepronounssuchas"who"or"which."ThatusesTheseclaimsareusedtomodifyanounorpronounandprovideinformationaboutthepersonorthingbeingmodifiedTheyareintroducedbytherelevantpronoun"that."Classificationofrelevantclauses02AttributiveclaimsguidedbyrelativepronounsTheattributiveclauseintroducedby"who","which"and"that"Itcanbeusedtomodifybothindividualsandnon-humanentitiesItismoreformalthan"who"or"which"Example:"Themoviethatwewatchedlastnightwasamazing.""That"asthesubjectoftherelevantclauseItisusedtomodifyaperson,indicatingtheirroleoridentityExample:"Thepersonwhowon'ttheawardisarisingstar.""Who"asthesubjectoftherelevantclauseItisusedtomodifyanon-humanentity,suchasathingorideaExample:"ThebookwhichIreadwascaptioning.""Which"asthesubjectoftherelevantclauseArelativeclauseisasuborderclausethatprovidesadditionalinformationaboutanounorpronooninthemainclauseItisintroducedbyarelativepronounlike"who,""which,"or"that."Therelativeclausecanmodifyanounorpronounbyprovidinginformationaboutidentity,description,orrelationshipTherelevantpronounintherelevantclausefunctionsasthesubject,object,orcompletion,dependingonitspositionandusageTherelativeclauseintroducedby"who","which"and"that"Theuseof"that"ismoreformalthan"who"or"which",anditisoftenpreferredinwritingandformalspeechExample:"ThebookthatIreadwasveryinteresting."Theattributeclausemodifiedby"that"isthemostcommontypeofrelatedclauseItcanmodifybothindividualsandnon-humanentities,anditcanserveasthesubjectorobjectofthemainclauseTheattributiveclauseintroducedby"that"03ObjectiveclaimsguidedbyrelevantadvisorsWhenintroducingatimeadverbialclauseWhentheclausedescribesapointorperiodoftime,usewhenintroducing.Forexample,"Whentheclockstrikestwelve,theyallcomeout."要点一要点二Thetenserelationshipbetw…Thetenseofthemainclauseandthesubordinateclauseshouldbeconsistent,oranappropriatetenseshouldbeselectedaccordingtothecontext.Forexample,"WhenIwasyoung,Ioftenplayedinthepark."WhenintroducedrelativeclausesWhereguidedadverbialclauseWhentheclausedescribesaplaceorlocation,usewhereguided.Forexample,"Wheretherivermeetsthesea,thereisasmallfishingvillage."要点一要点二Thestructuralrelationship…TheclauseintroducedbyWhereisusuallyplacedafterthemainsentenceasasupplementaryexplanation.Forexample,"IfoundmylostkeyswhereIhadleftthem."WhereguidedrelativeclausesWhentheclausedescribesareasonorreason,usewhyasanadverbialclause.Forexample,"Whyheleftthecompanyremainsamystery."ThelogicalrelationshipbetweenthesubordinateclauseintroducedbyWhyandthemainclause:ThesubordinateclauseintroducedbyWhyusuallyhasacausalrelationshipwiththemainclause,usedtoexplainthebehaviororstateinthemainclause.Forexample,"IleftbecauseIwasbornwiththejob."Theattributiveclauseguidedbywhy04Theuseofqualificationsinrelevantclausesadvisory,noun,pronoun,prospectivephraseTypesModifythenounorcompletethenoun,provideadditionalinformationFunctions"Thebook,whichIborrowedfromthelibrary,wasveryinteresting."(Nountype:"whichIborrowedfromthelibrary")Example"ThebookthatIreadwasveryinteresting."(Pronountype:"that")ExampleTypesandFunctionsofQualifiersABCDAdvisorcontextchoosequalificationsthatareappropriatetothecontextandmeaningofthepresenceExample"Thebook,whichwaswrittenbyafanauthor,soldwell."(Contextappropriate)Example"ThebookthatIreadwasveryinteresting."(Redundant:"that"isnotnecessary)AvoidanceusequalifiersonlywhennecessarytoclarifyormodifythemeaningTheselectionanduseofqualifiersReplacingOmittingExampleExampleReplacingandOmittingQualifiers01020304useadifferentqualifieroromitthequalifiertoavoidrepetitionorforvarietyomitthequalifierwhenthemeaningisclearwithoutit"Thebook,whichIread,wasveryinteresting."(Replace"that"with"which")"ThebookIreadwasveryinteresting."(Omit"that")05SpecialstructuresinrelevantclausesFunctionHighlightsthesimilaritybetweentwothingsorsituationsSummaryThistypeofclaimisusedtocomparetwothingsorsituations,oftenemphasizingasimilarityorcontrastExample"Sheisasbeautifulashermother."(Similarity)Structure"as+objective/adverb+(subject)+as+(subject)"Attributiveclaimsguidedbyas输入标题ExampleSummaryRelativeclaimsguidedby'than'Thistypeofclaimisusedtocomparetwothingsorsituations,oftenemphasizingadifferenceorcontrastHighlightsthedifferencebetweentwothingsorsituations"Subject+advisory/dverb+than+subject""Heistellerthanhisbrother."(Difference)FunctionStructureThistypeofclaimisusedtocontrasttwothingsorsituationsSummary"Sheisbeautiful,buthersisterismorebeautiful."(Contrast)Example"subject+advisory/dverb+but+subject"StructureHighlightsthecontrastbetweentwothingsorsituationsFunctionTheattributiveclauseguidedby"but"06TheapplicationofrelevantclaimsinwritingAddingcontextRelativeclausesprovideadditionalinformationthatsetsthesceneorexplainsthecontextofthemainideaTheyhelpreadersunderstandthebrowserpictureClarifyingideasRelativeclausescanbeusedtoclarifyrelationshipsorconnectionsbetweenideas,makingiteasierforreaderstofollowthelogicoftheparagraphOrganizingthoughtsRelativeclausescanhelporganizeparagraphsbyintroducingsubtopicsoradvancingtransitionsfromoneideatoanotherTheycreateamorecohesivestructureforthereadertofollowTheroleofrelevantclaimsinparagraphsRelativeclausesareoftenplacedwithinthemainpresencetoprovideadditionalinformationaboutthesubjectorobjectTheycanmodifyanounorverb,addingdetailsorexplanationThepositionofrelevantclauseswithinasensecanaffectitsflowandemphasisPlacingrelevantclausesatthebeginningorendofasensecancreateaspecificeffect,suchasemphasizingtheinformationtheycontainThereareseveralgrammarrulesandconventionsthatgoverntheuseofrelevantclausesForexample,modifyingclausesusuallycomeafterthemainclause,andtherelevantpronoun(e.g.,who,which,that)mustagreewithitsreferencesingender,number,andcaseInternalstructureSentenceflowGrammarrulesThepositionandfunctionofrelevantclau