山西省忻州市名校2023-2024学年高三上学期联合质量检测英语试卷含答案解析

高三英语试题注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．£19.15.B．£9.18.C．£9.15.答案是C。1．Wherearethespeakersprobably?A．Atabusstop.B．Atschool.C．Athome.2．Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A．Orderfood.B．Askforthemenu.C．Leavetherestaurant.3．Whydoesthemanmakethephonecall?A．Tocancelavisit.B．Tomakeanappointment.C．Togivesomeinformation.4．Whatdidthespeakersdolastweek?A．Theymovedtheirhouse.B．Theystayedatahotel.C．Theymadeaspecialmeal.5．Whoisthewomanprobably?A．Ateacher.B．Astudent.C．Aheadteacher.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatdoesthegirlhopetodoatfirst?A．Haveatalkwiththeman.B．Findanactressfortheschoolplay.C．Receiveaninvitationfromtheman.7．Whenistheschoolplay?A．ThisMonday.B．Nextweek.C．Nextmonth.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．WhyisPaulinevisitingthechildren?A．Topainttheirschool.B．Tosupplynewclothes.C．Togivethemanartproject.9．WhatisJohn'sconcernaboutchildren?A．Theymaygettheirclothesdirty.B．Theymaygethurt.C．Theymayperformbadly.10．Whatwillhappenintheschooltomorrowevening?A．Workwillbemarked.B．Parentswillpayavisit.C．Childrenwilldrawpictures.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11．WheredidPhilipgoonhistriptoday?A．Afarm.B．Acastle.C．Afactory.12．WhatdoesPhilipwanttodo?A．Travelabroad.B．Payanothervisit.C．Readabouthistory.13．WhatdoesthewomansuggestPhilipdo?A．Readabook.B．Watchaseries.C．Buyacomputer.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14．WhatdoesJohnthinkabouttheCity-Theatre?A．It’ssmall.B．It’sclose.C．It’scrowded.15．WhatisLiz'spurposeofmakingthephonecall?A．Toaskafavour.B．TogiveJohnsometickets.C．Tosharedetailsofashow.16．WhereisLiznow?A．Ataconcert.B．Athome.C．Atwork.17．WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenJohnandLiz?A．Friends.B．Fellowworkers.C．Husbandandwife.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18．Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A．Doingexercise.B．Choosingacareer.C．Learninglanguages.19．Howmanyyearshasthespeakerdevotedtoteaching?A．2.B．3.C．5.20．Whatdoesthespeakergainfromteaching?A．Communicationskills.B．Activeimagination.C．Fullhealth.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AOfthetop10mostexpensiverailconstructionprojectsstartingin2022,fivearelocatedinAsia.Hereare4expensiverailwaysinChina.Nantong-NingboHigh-SpeedRailway:CNY108.9bnTheprojectaimstoreducethetraveltimebetweenthecitiesofNantongandNingbo.Itinvolvestheconstructionofa309.8kmrailwaylinewithadesignspeedof350km/hwith10railwaystations.Constructionisexpectedtobecompletedbytheendof2027.Xiong’an-XinzhouHigh-SpeedRailway:CNY57.2bnTheprojectaimstobuildahigh-speedrailwaytoprovidesmoothandfastertraffic,cuttingtraveltimebetweenthetwocities.Itinvolvestheconstructionofa342kmhigh-speedrailwaylinewithadesignspeedof350km/hwith13stations.Theprojectwillbedevelopedintwosections.ConstructionworkisexpectedtobecompletedbyMarch2027,afterbreakinggroundinOctober2022.Shanghai-Nanjing-HefeiHigh-SpeedRailway:CNY157.9bnItisahigh-speedraillinefromShanghaitoNanjingandHefeiinChina.Theprojectaimstoexpandtherailwaynetworkandreducetraffic,traveltimeanddistanceintheregion.Theprojectinvolvestheconstructionofa553.76kmhigh-speedraillinewithadesignspeedof350km/hwith16stations.Itisscheduledtobecompletedinthefourthquarterof2028.Beijing-Xiong’an-ShangqiuHigh-SpeedRailway:CNY101bnItisahigh-speedrailwaylinefromFengtaiinBeijingtoXiong’aninHebeitoShangqiuinHenan.Theproject’saimistoreducetraveltimeanddistancebetweenFengtaiinBeijing,Xiong’aninHebei,andShangqiuinHenan.Theprojectinvolvestheconstructionofa638kmhigh-speedrailwaylinewithadesignspeedof350km/hwith16stations.Constructionisexpectedtobecompletedbytheendof2027.1.Whichistheshortestrailwaytobeconstructedofthefour?A.Nantong-NingboHigh-SpeedRailway.B.Xiong’an-XinzhouHigh-SpeedRailway.C.Shanghai-NanjingHefeiHigh-SpeedRailway.D.Beijing-Xiong’an-ShangqiuHigh-SpeedRailway.2.WhatisspecialaboutXiong’an-XinzhouHigh-SpeedRailway?A.Ithasthehighestdesignspeed.B.Itdemandstheleastinvestment.C.Itaimstoreducethetraveltime.D.ItgoespastChongqingandShangqiu.3.Whatdothelasttworailwayshaveincommon?A.Theybothhave16stations.B.Theybothconstructintwosections.C.Theybothincludeundergroundlines.D.Theyareexpectedtobecompletedby2027.【答案】1.A2.B3.A【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了2022年中国启动的四条高铁路线。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Nantong-NingboHigh-SpeedRailway:CNY108.9bn部分中的“Itinvolvestheconstructionofa309.8kmrailwayline(它涉及一条309.8公里长的铁路线的建设)”，Xiong’an-XinzhouHigh-SpeedRailway:CNY57.2bn部分中的“Itinvolvestheconstructionofa342kmhigh-speedrailwayline(它涉及一条342公里长的高速铁路线的建设)”，Shanghai-Nanjing-HefeiHigh-SpeedRailway:CNY157.9bn部分中的“Theprojectinvolvestheconstructionofa553.76kmhigh-speedrailline(该项目包括建设一条553.76公里的高速铁路线)”和Beijing-Xiong’an-ShangqiuHigh-SpeedRailway:CNY101bn部分中的“Theprojectinvolvestheconstructionofa638kmhigh-speedrailwayline(该项目包括建设一条638公里的高速铁路线)”可知，Nantong-NingboHigh-SpeedRailway.(南通-宁波的高铁)是四条铁路中最短的，故选A。2题详解】细节理解题。根据“Nantong-NingboHigh-SpeedRailway:CNY108.9bn(南通—宁波高铁：1089亿元)”，“Xiong’an-XinzhouHigh-SpeedRailway:CNY57.2bn(雄安—忻州高铁：572亿元)”，“Shanghai-Nanjing-HefeiHigh-SpeedRailway:CNY157.9bn(上海—合肥合高铁：1579亿元)”和“Beijing-Xiong’an-ShangqiuHigh-SpeedRailway:CNY101bn(北京—雄安—商丘高铁：1010亿元)”可知，雄安—忻州高铁的特别之处在于它是投资最少的，故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Shanghai-Nanjing-HefeiHigh-SpeedRailway:CNY157.9bn部分中的“with16stations(有16个站)”和Beijing-Xiong’an-ShangqiuHigh-SpeedRailway:CNY101bn部分中的“with16stations(有16个站)”可知，这两条高铁的共同之处在于它们都有16站，故选A。BBostonMarathonrunnersinrecentyearsmayhaveseenasmilingfurryfacearoundthetwo-milemark.It’sSpencer,thetherapy(治疗)dog,whobecameknownasanunofficialmascot(吉祥物)forthemarathon,He’sshownuponthesidelineseveryyearsince2015—rainorshine.OneparticularlyrainymarathoncatapultedSpencer’sfame,In2018,hisowner,RichardPowers,decidedtoputabrightyellowraincoatonthedog,makinghimstandoutevenmorethanheusuallydoes.PhotosofSpencer,whoholdsa“BostonStrong”flaginhismouth,wentviral,andhebecameaninspirationtorunnersandonlookersalike,Duringthemarathon,somerunnersstopintheirtrackstotakeselfieswiththedog-thelinesometimesgrowingto20runnerslong.Butin2020,Spencerwasdiagnosedwithatumor(肿瘤).Hisownerwasworried,butSpencerisafighter.Hegotthecareheneededandsurvived.In2021,hewasbackonthecourseanditwasreallykindofamiracleandthatreallyhithometoalotofpeople.Unfortunately,Spencercaughtanothertumor—thisonecancerous—andSpencerbeganchemotherapy.Powersdidn’tthinkhisbeloveddogwouldmakeitouttothemarathonof2022.“Miraculously,he’sstillherewithusandanevenbiggermiracle,hewasstrongenoughtogotothemarathon,”hesaid.Afterrecovering,Spencerwasbacktowork—notjustatthemarathon—butasatherapydog,alongsidehiscompanion,Penny,whoisalsoagoldentherapydog.Powerstakeshistwotherapydogsaroundtoschools,hospitalsandseniorlivingcenters.“He’sagifttousandwe’reveryluckytohavehim.He’stoogoodsowewanttosharehimwithasmanypeopleaswepossiblycan.Hedoesmakeadifference,”Powerssaid.4.WhyisSpencerreferredtoasamascotforBostonMarathon?A.Hehasasmilingfurryface. B.Heappearsattheeventannually.C.Heisnotrecognizedofficially. D.Heworksasatherapydogforrunners.5.WhatdoesSpencerbringtorunners?A.Motivation. B.Satisfaction. C.Fantasy. D.Barrier.6.WhatdidSpencergothroughin2020?AAfailureinthemarathon. B.Caringforhisowner. C.Fightingagainstadisease. D.Goingviral.7.WhatwasPowers’initialattitudetowardsSpence’sappearingatthemarathonof2022?A.Confident, B.Supportive. C.Objective. D.Negative.【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一只治疗犬Spencer在波士顿马拉松比赛中的角色和影响，同时介绍了其在治疗工作中的表现和对人们的积极影响。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“BostonMarathonrunnersinrecentyearsmayhaveseenasmilingfurryfacearoundthetwo-milemark.It’sSpencer,thetherapy(治疗)dog,whobecameknownasanunofficialmascot(吉祥物)forthemarathon,He’sshownuponthesidelineseveryyearsince2015—rainorshine.(近年来，波士顿马拉松的跑者们可能在跑完两英里时看到了一张微笑的毛茸茸的脸。这是一只名叫斯宾塞的治疗犬，它被称为马拉松比赛的非官方吉祥物。自2015年以来，无论晴雨，它每年都会出现在场边)”可知，因为他每年都出席这个活动，所以斯宾塞被称为波士顿马拉松赛的吉祥物。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“PhotosofSpencer,whoholdsa“BostonStrong”flaginhismouth,wentviral,andhebecameaninspirationtorunnersandonlookersalike,Duringthemarathon,somerunnersstopintheirtrackstotakeselfieswiththedog-thelinesometimesgrowingto20runnerslong.(斯宾塞的照片在网上疯传，他嘴里叼着一面“BostonStrong”的旗帜，他成为了跑步者和旁观者的一种激励。在马拉松比赛期间，一些跑步者在跑道上停下来和狗狗自拍，有时队伍会长到20人)”可知，斯宾塞给跑步者带来了激励。故选A项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Butin2020,Spencerwasdiagnosedwithatumor(肿瘤).Hisownerwasworried,butSpencerisafighter.Hegotthecareheneededandsurvived.(但在2020年，斯宾塞被诊断出患有肿瘤。他的主人很担心，但斯宾塞是个斗士。他得到了所需的治疗，活了下来)”可知，斯宾塞在2020年与疾病作斗争。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Powersdidn’tthinkhisbeloveddogwouldmakeitouttothemarathonof2022.(鲍尔斯没想到他心爱的狗狗会参加2022年的马拉松比赛)”可知，鲍尔斯刚开始时，不认为斯宾塞会参加马拉松，所以一开始他的态度是消极的。故选D项。CTimeisrunningoutforcoralreefsastheclimategetshotter.Soscientistsaresearchingtheglobeforcoralsthatarebetteratenduringheat,Now,newresearchshowshowthose“supercorals”cansurvive:lessroommatedrama.Reefsdependonacrucialpartnershipbetweenthecoralsandthealgae(海藻)thatliveinthecorals’tissue,Thealgaemakefoodforthecoralsusingsunlightandinexchange,getanicespottolive.Butwhenoceansheatup,thatrelationshipgoesbad,andthecoralskickthealgaeout,Withouttheirroommates,coralscandie,turningaghostlywhite,bleached(白化)color.Still,somecoralsseemtoresistbleachingbetterthanothers,Anewstudyshowsthatthosecoralsdependonalgaethatarebetterattoleratingheat.Researchershopethatpinpointingtheseabilitieswillhelpdevelopnewconservationtoolstopreservetheworld’sreefsastemperaturesrise.About1/4ofallmarineliferelyoncoralreefsinsomeway,alongwithhalf1billionpeoplearoundtheworldalsodependonreefsfortheirfoodandlivelihoods.“Heatstresscankillalotofcoralsreallyfast,”saysKateQuigley,aresearchscientistatJamesCookUniversityandtheMinderooFoundationinAustralia.“Ihopethatnaturedoeshavesomemechanismstogetusthroughthenextfewyearswhilewegetouracttogether.”Whilethehopeisthatthosealgaecouldalsoaidinreefconservationinthefuture,researcherPatrickBuergersaysit’slikelythatitwouldn’thelpallcoralspecies.Andeventhetoughestcoralscanonlyenduresomuch.Currently,theworldisontrackforjustunder3degreesCelsiusofwarmingby2100,alevelthatwouldwipeoutnearlyallcoralreefs.“Theactionhastobeonclimatechange,”hesays.“Thisisashort-termsolutionthatmightbuysometimeforcoralstoadapt.Butthemainfocushastobeonclimate.There’snotasilverbullettotheproblem.”8.Whatisthefeatureofsupercorals?A.Sun-loving. B.Long-living. C.Good-looking. D.Heat-bearing.9.Whatcanalgaegetfromthecorals?A.Habitat. B.Food. C.Sunlight. D.Friendship.10.Whatdothefiguresinparagraph3indicate?A.Thepopulationofmarinelife. B.Theimportanceofcoralreefs.C.Theseriousnessofglobalwarming. D.Thelivingconditionsofcoralreefs.11.WhatdoesPatrickthinkofusingheat-resistantalgaeinreefconservation?A.Itisuseless B.Itisthelasthope. C.Itistemporary. D.Itisthesilverbullet.【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了科学家寻找耐高温珊瑚以及它们与藻类的关系，旨在保护珊瑚礁并应对气候变化对其造成的威胁。然而，气候变暖仍将导致珊瑚礁的灭绝，应重点解决气候问题。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Soscientistsaresearchingtheglobeforcoralsthatarebetteratenduringheat,Now,newresearchshowshowthose“supercorals”cansurvive....(因此，科学家们正在全球范围内寻找更能忍受高温的珊瑚，现在，新的研究表明了这些“超级珊瑚”是如何生存的)”可知，超级珊瑚的特定是更能忍受高温。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Reefsdependonacrucialpartnershipbetweenthecoralsandthealgae(海藻)thatliveinthecorals’tissue,Thealgaemakefoodforthecoralsusingsunlightandinexchange,getanicespottolive.(珊瑚礁依赖珊瑚和藻类之间的关键伙伴关系，藻类用阳光为珊瑚制造食物，换取一个舒适的栖息之地)”可知，藻类能从珊瑚中得到栖息地。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“About1/4ofallmarineliferelyoncoralreefsinsomeway,alongwithhalf1billionpeoplearoundtheworldalsodependonreefsfortheirfoodandlivelihoods.(大约四分之一的海洋生物在某种程度上依赖于珊瑚礁，世界上有5亿人也依赖于珊瑚礁的食物和生计)”可知，本段的数字说明文无论是动物还是人类，有很大一部分都依赖于珊瑚礁，所以此处是说明珊瑚礁的重要性。故选B项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Whilethehopeisthatthosealgaecouldalsoaidinreefconservationinthefuture,researcherPatrickBuergersaysit’slikelythatitwouldn’thelpallcoralspecies.Andeventhetoughestcoralscanonlyenduresomuch.(虽然人们希望这些藻类在未来也能帮助保护珊瑚礁，但研究人员帕特里克·伯格说，这可能不会对所有的珊瑚物种都有帮助。即使是最坚韧的珊瑚也只能承受这么多)”以及最后一段““Thisisashort-termsolutionthatmightbuysometimeforcoralstoadapt.Butthemainfocushastobeonclimate.There’snotasilverbullettotheproblem.”(“这是一个短期的解决方案，可能会为珊瑚争取一些时间来适应。但主要焦点必须放在气候问题上。没有解决这个问题的灵丹妙药。”)”可知，帕特里克认为在珊瑚礁保护中使用耐热藻类只是暂时的。故选C项。DEngineeringresearchersattheUniversityofWaterlooaresuccessfullyusingarobottohelpkeepchildrenwithlearningdisabilitiesfocusingontheirwork.Thiswasoneofthekeyresultsinanewstudythatalsofoundboththeyoungstersandtheirinstructorsvaluedthepositiveclassroomcontributionsmadebytherobot.“Thereisdefinitelyagreatpotentialforusingrobotsinthepubliceducationsystem.”saidDrKerstinDautenhahn,aprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineering.“Overall,thefindingsimplythattherobothasapositiveeffectonstudents.”Studentswithlearningdisabilitiesmaybenefitfromadditionallearningsupport,suchasone-on-oneinstructionandtheuseofsmartphonesandtablets.Dautenhahnhasbeenworkingonroboticsinthecontextofdisabilityformanyyears.HeconductedaseriesoftestswithasmallhumanoidrobotcalledQT.Dautenhahnsaidtherobot’sabilitytoperformgesturesusingitsheadandhands,accompaniedbyitsspeechandfacialfeatures,makesitverysuitableforusewithchildrenwithlearningdisabilities.Buildingonpromisingearlierresearch,theresearchersdivided16studentswithlearningdisabilitiesintotwogroups.Inonegroup,studentsworkedone-on-onewithaninstructoronly.Intheothergroup,thestudentsworkedone-on-onewithaninstructorandaQT.Inthelattergroup,theinstructorusedatablettodirecttherobot,whichthenautonomouslyperformedvariousactivitiesusingitsspeechandgestures.Whiletheinstructorcontrolledthesessions,therobot,triggeredbytheinstructor,tookoveratcertaintimestoleadthestudents.Besidesintroducingthesession,therobotsetgoalsandprovidedself-regulatingstrategies,ifnecessary.Ifthelearningprocesswasgettingoff-track,therobotusedstrategiessuchasgames,riddles,jokes,breathingexercisesandphysicalmovementstoredirectthestudentsbacktothetask.“Studentswhoworkedwiththerobotweregenerallymoreengagedwiththeirtasksandcouldcompletetheirtasksatahigherratecomparedtothestudentswhoweren’tassistedbyarobot,”Dautenhahnsaid.Furtherstudiesusingtherobotareplanned.12.Howcanrobotsbenefitstudentswithlearningdisabilities?A.Byprovidingadvancedknowledge. B.Byofferingemotionalsupport.C.Bygivingextralearninghelp. D.Byactingaslearningcompanions.13.WhatmakesQTfitforstudentswithlearningdisabilities?A.Itsabilitytomakegestures. B.Thepopularityofrobots.C.Itsconveniencetouse. D.ThelowcostinmakingQT.14.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedpart“triggered”inparagraph5?A.pickedup B.setoff C.takenout D.broughtin15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AnumberofstudentssufferfromlearningdisabilitiesB.Arobotcanprovideself-regulatingstrategiesforstudentsC.ArobothasagreatpotentialinthepubliceducationsystemDArobothelpsstudentswithlearningdisabilitiesstayfocused【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。滑铁卢大学的工程研究人员成功地使用机器人帮助有学习障碍的儿童集中精力学习。文章对这款机器人进行了介绍。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Studentswithlearningdisabilitiesmaybenefitfromadditionallearningsupport,suchasone-on-oneinstructionandtheuseofsmartphonesandtablets.(有学习障碍的学生可以从额外的学习支持中受益，例如一对一指导和使用智能手机和平板电脑。)”可知，机器人可以通过提供额外学习帮助来使有学习障碍的学生受益。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Dautenhahnsaidtherobot’sabilitytoperformgesturesusingitsheadandhands,accompaniedbyitsspeechandfacialfeatures,makesitverysuitableforusewithchildrenwithlearningdisabilities.(Dautenhahn说，这个机器人能够用它的头和手来做手势，伴随着它的语言和面部特征，使它非常适合有学习障碍的儿童使用。)”可知，QT的手势功能使其适合有学习障碍的学生。故选A。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据第五段第一句中的“Whiletheinstructorcontrolledthesessions(当教练控制课程时)”和“bytheinstructor(由教练)”可知，此处是指由教练触发的机器人。所以triggered意为“被触发的”。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“EngineeringresearchersattheUniversityofWaterlooaresuccessfullyusingarobottohelpkeepchildrenwithlearningdisabilitiesfocusingontheirwork.(滑铁卢大学的工程研究人员成功地使用机器人帮助有学习障碍的儿童集中精力学习。)”可知，文章主要是介绍一种可以帮助有学习障碍的学生集中注意力的机器人。所以，D项“Arobothelpsstudentswithlearningdisabilitiesstayfocused”是本文最佳标题。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Productivitycanbeastruggleformanyofus.Overflowingemailinboxes,housework,socialobligations,itcanbeeasytofeelataloss.____16____.Writethemdown,dothetasksandcrossthemoff-simple!____17____Firstly,theyhelptodrownoutthechaosandanxietythatcomewithhavingnever-endingtasks.Bywritingeverythingdown,wedon’thavetorelyonourmemory.____18____.Secondly,listsprovidestructureandguidance,givingusaplantofollow.Andfinally,listsserveasproofofwhatwehaveachieved,whichcanhelpboostoursenseofaccomplishmentandmotivation.Anotherpossiblereasonourbrainslovelistsissomethingcalledthe“Zeigarnikeffect”.Thisisthenamepsychologistsuseforwhenwerememberthingsweneedtodobetterthanthingswehavealreadycompleted.____19____.Theexperimentbeganwithawarm-uptask,thoughitwasstoppedhalf-waythrough,andonlysomepeoplewereallowedtomakeplanstofinishit.Theresearchersfoundthatthegrouppermittedtoplanhadreducedanxietyandperformedbetterinthesecondtask.Theproblemwasthattheothersstillhadthewarm-uptaskstuckintheiractivememory-anuntickedlistoftasks.____20____Allinall,itseemsthatlistsareavaluabletoolforstayingontopoflife!A.AndwecaninsteadfocusonthetaskathandB.KeepthelistnearthephoneforeasyreferenceC.TherearethreekeyreasonswhylistsarebeneficialD.WedonotfullyunderstandhowthebrainisorganizedE.So,onceweticksomethingoffourlist,ourbrainsforgetitandwecanrelaxF.However,onesimpletoolthathelpsusstayontopofeverythingistheto-dolistG.Researcherstestedtheinterferenceofthe“Zeigarnikeffect“onagroupofpeople【答案】16.F17.C18.A19.G20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了待办事项清单可以提高效率，分析了背后的原因。【16题详解】根据后文“Writethemdown,dothetasksandcrossthemoff-simple!(把它们写下来，完成任务，然后划掉——简单！)”可知，本句给出的建议是制定待办事项清单，故F选项“然而，有一个简单的工具可以帮助我们掌握一切，那就是待办事项清单”符合题意，且与上文“Overflowingemailinboxes,housework,socialobligations,itcanbeeasytofeelataloss.(邮箱爆满，家务，社会责任，很容易让人不知所措)”构成明显的转折关系。故选F。【17题详解】根据后文“Firstly,theyhelptodrownoutthechaosandanxietythatcomewithhavingnever-endingtasks.Bywritingeverythingdown,wedon’thavetorelyonourmemory.(首先，它们有助于淹没无休止的任务带来的混乱和焦虑。通过把所有的东西都写下来，我们就不必依赖我们的记忆了)”以及Secondly和finally可知，本段的主旨是清单是好处的三个原因。故C选项“为什么清单是有益的有三个关键原因”符合语境，故选C。【18题详解】根据上文“Bywritingeverythingdown,wedon’thavetorelyonourmemory.(通过把所有的东西都写下来，我们就不必依赖我们的记忆了)”可知，上文提到了通过把所有的东西都写下来，我们就不必依赖我们的记忆，由此可知，我们可以把注意力集中在手头的任务上。故A选项“我们可以把注意力集中在手头的任务上”符合语境，故选A。【19题详解】根据上文“Anotherpossiblereasonourbrainslovelistsissomethingcalledthe“Zeigarnikeffect”.Thisisthenamepsychologistsuseforwhenwerememberthingsweneedtodobetterthanthingswehavealreadycompleted.(我们大脑喜欢清单的另一个可能原因是所谓的“蔡加尼克效应”。心理学家用这个词来形容我们记住的事情要比我们已经完成的事情做得更好)”以及后文“Theexperimentbeganwithawarm-uptask,thoughitwasstoppedhalf-waythrough,andonlysomepeoplewereallowedtomakeplanstofinishit.(实验从一个热身任务开始，但中途停止了，只有一些人被允许制定完成任务的计划)”可知，本句是在说明研究人员在一些人身上测试上文提到的“蔡加尼克效应”。故G选项“研究人员测试了“蔡加尼克效应”对一组人的干扰”符合语境，故选G。【20题详解】根据上文“Theexperimentbeganwithawarm-uptask,thoughitwasstoppedhalf-waythrough,andonlysomepeoplewereallowedtomakeplanstofinishit.

Theresearchersfoundthatthegrouppermittedtoplanhadreducedanxietyandperformedbetterinthesecondtask. Theproblemwasthattheothersstillhadthewarm-uptaskstuckintheiractivememory-anuntickedlistoftasks.

(实验从一个热身任务开始，但中途停止了，只有一些人被允许制定完成任务的计划。研究人员发现，被允许做计划的那组人焦虑减少，在第二项任务中表现更好。问题是其他人的活动记忆中仍然有热身任务——一个未打勾的任务列表)”可知，完成清单中的任务可以让大脑放松。故E选项“所以，一旦我们在清单上划掉某件事，我们的大脑就会忘记它，我们就可以放松了”符合语境，故选E。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Williamisoneofmystudents.Heisvery____21____.Eachchildinourschoolshouldplantsunflowersasaclassproject.Plantingsunflowersis____22____formanystudents.____23____,thegrowingpartismuchlessexciting.Ittakestoolongtoseeresultsfromdailywateringandmostchildrenhavelittle____24____forit.Theysoonlostinterestandforgotto____25____theirsunflowers,butWilliamnot.Eventhoughhe____26____withhisreading,heneveroncecomplained.Still,Icouldn’thelpbut____27____.Despitehisstrongdetermination,William’sgradeswere____28____.Iwonderedifhe’dbeabletopasstheexam.____29____,tomyjoy,Williamenteredthethirdgrade.AndthoughIwashappyforhim,theworry_____30_____.Wouldthethirdgradebetootoughforhim?Aboutamonthintothesummervacation,I_____31_____todrivebytheschoolandIwenttoseehowthesunflowersweregrowing.IsawWilliam’ssunflowerswereatleast12feettall,theywere_____32_____andtheyfacedthesun.Thisiswhatit_____33_____tobeateacher.Trustourchildrenanddoourbesttoworkforthem.Atthatmoment,IknewIdidn’thavetoworryaboutWilliam.I’dseenthatspecial_____34_____plantedinsidehim.Oneday,he’dbloomand_____35_____-justlikehissunflowers.21.A.smart B.determined C.powerful D.enthusiastic22.A.boring B.disappointing C.exciting D.confusing23.A.However B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Meanwhile24.A.confidence B.memory C.kindness D.patience25A.thinkof B.standfor C.carefor D.worryabout26.A.struggled B.dealt C.lived D.worked27.A.respect B.worry C.apologize D.regret28.A.poor B.stable C.encouraging D.surprising29.A.Naturally B.Eventually C.Immediately D.Completely30.A.stopped B.appeared C.gathered D.remained31.A.happened B.failed C.applied D.managed32.A.cool B.strong C.obvious D.steady33.A.believes B.seems C.means D.causes34.A.root B.leaf C.tree D.seed35.A.shine B.graduate C.stand D.succeed【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.C26.A27.B28.A29.B30.D31.A32.B33.C34.D35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是William是一个很有决心的孩子，尽管成绩差但是做事情很有耐心，最终作者相信William的未来像向日葵一样绽放光彩。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很有决心。A.smart聪明的；B.determined坚决的；C.powerful强有力的；D.enthusiastic热情的。根据下文中的“Despitehisstrongdetermination”可知，William是一个意志坚定的人，由此可知，此处应为“坚决的”符合语境。故选B项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对许多学生来说，种植向日葵是件令人兴奋的事。A.boring令人无聊的；B.disappointing令人失望的；C.exciting令人兴奋的；D.confusing令人迷惑的。根据下文中的“thegrowingpartismuchlessexciting.”可知，向日葵成长的部分很少令人兴奋的，由此可知，此处指的是种植向日葵是“令人兴奋的”符合语境。故选C项。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，种植的部分就不那么令人兴奋了。A.However然而；B.Otherwise否则，要不然；C.Therefore因此；D.Meanwhile与此同时。根据上文中的“Plantingsunflowersis____2____formanystudents.”与下文中的“thegrowingpartismuchlessexciting.”可知，种植向日葵是令人兴奋的，向日葵的成长过程就不那么令人兴奋了，由此可知，上下文之间为转折关系，所以此处应使用however意为“然而”符合逻辑。故选A项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天浇水需要很长时间才能看到效果，大多数孩子对此没有耐心。A.confidence自信；B.memory记忆；C.kindness善良；D.patience耐心。根据上文中的“Ittakestoolongtoseeresultsfromdailywatering”可知，要每天给向日葵浇水，需要很久才能看到效果，由此可知，这需要的是耐心，所以此处指的是“耐心”符合语境。故选D项。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们很快就失去了兴趣，忘记了照顾他们的向日葵，但William没有。A.thinkof思考；B.standfor代表；C.carefor关心，照顾；D.worryabout担心。根据上文中的“Ittakestoolongtoseeresultsfromdailywateringandmostchildrenhavelittle____4____forit.”可知，需要每天给向日葵浇水，所以此处应为“照顾”向日葵。故选C项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他的阅读能力很差，但他从来没有抱怨过。A.struggled挣扎；B.dealt处理；C.lived居住；D.worked工作。根据下文中的“heneveroncecomplained(抱怨).”以及eventhough引导的为让步状语从句可知，William从来不抱怨，即使阅读上有困难，即与阅读作斗争，strugglewith努力应对：指在面对困难或挑战时，付出努力去解决或克服。故选A项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过，我还是忍不住担心。A.respect尊敬；B.worry担忧；C.apologize道歉；D.regret后悔。根据下文中的“Iwonderedifhe’dbeabletopasstheexam.”可知，作者想知道William是否能通过考试，由此可知，作者“担心”William。故选B项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管William意志坚定，但他的成绩很差。A.poor差的，贫穷的；B.stable稳定的；C.encouraging鼓舞人心的；D.surprising令人惊讶的。根据上文中的“Despitehisstrongdetermination”可知，尽管William意志坚定，此空与上文内容为转折关系，所以此处应表示“差的”符合逻辑。故选A项。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，令我高兴的是，William上了三年级。A.Naturally自然地；B.Eventually最终；C.Immediately立刻，马上；D.Completely完全地。根据语境以及下文中的“tomyjoy,Williamenteredthethirdgrade.”可知，作者很高兴，William上了三年级，所以此处应为“最终”符合语境。故选B项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我为他感到高兴，但我仍然担心。A.stopped停止；B.appeared出现；C.gathered聚集；D.remained仍然是。根据语境以及下文中的“Wouldthethirdgradebetootoughforhim?”可知，作者想知道三年级对William是不是很困难，由此可知，此处表示作者“仍然是”担心William。故选D项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约一个月进入暑假，我碰巧开车经过学校，我去看看向日葵是如何生长的。A.happened发生，碰巧；B.failed失败；C.applied应用，申请；D.managed管理。根据上文中的“Aboutamonthintothesummervacation”以及下文中的“todrivebytheschoolandIwenttoseehowthesunflowersweregrowing.”可知，大约一个月进入暑假，作者去看向日葵长得如何，由此可知，此处为“碰巧”符合语境，happentodosth.意为“碰巧做某事”。故选A项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看到William的向日葵至少有12英尺高，它们很强壮，面向太阳