Unit4 单元词汇精讲

SPACEEXPLORATIONobservethesentencesontheleft①Manypeoplesufferfrommentalillnessatsomepointintheir

lives.②Practisementalarithmetic（算术）whenyougooutshopping.mental

[ˈmentl]adj.精神的；思想的；大脑的；存在于脑中的Astronautsnotonlyhadtolearnhowtousespaceequipment,butalsohadtodoalotofmentalandphysicaltraining.拓展：mentallyadv.精神上；精神地

physicaladj.----physicallyadv.身体的；物理的

spirit:n.精神;心灵;情绪

thought:

n.思想;想法2.(P39)Firstofall，youmustbe

intelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.intelligentadj.

有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的intelligencen.智力；才智；智慧

要点必记:intelligentsoftware/systems

ahighlyintelligentstudentapersonofhigh/lowintelligenceartificialintelligence(AI)

单句语法填空（1）Whenrobotsbecomeextremely__________（intelligence）oneday，whatwillhappentoourearth?（3）Thefirstpartoftherobot’sname，thelettersAI，areshortforartificial________________（intelligent）. intelligentintelligence同义词:clever:adj.聪明的;灵巧的;bright:adj.聪明的;明亮的wise:adj.明智的;英明的smart:adj.聪明的;精明的

3.gravity1).Anapplefallsdownbecauseofgravity.2).Hedoesn'tthinkyourealizethegravityofthesituation.3).Hesaidthatastronautsreturningfromthezerogravityofspaceoftenhavetroublewithbalance.①n.重力;②地球引力;③严重性;严肃;庄严Newton'slawofgravity牛顿万有引力定律zerogravity(太空等的)零重力状态，失重状态(P40)However，somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoepxlorespace.①Wesetouttodetermineexactlywhathappenedthatnight.

②(2019·天津高考)Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.

③Hisenemiesaredeterminedtoruinhim.4.determine[dɪ'tɜːmɪn]:

v.查明;确定;决定短语积累determinesth查明/决定/安排某事determineon/uponsth决定/决心做某事determinethat查明/决定做某事Itisdeterminedthat已查明/已确认......determinetodo决定/做某事bedeterminedtodo决心/决意要做某事determinationtodo做某事的决心①I____togotothecountryformysummerholidayforsometime.A.havedeterminedB.amdetermined②________________tolivehere,hecarriedallhisluggagehereyesterday.③Makecontinuedand______________effortstofindpatient0ofCOVID-19.BDetermineddetermined5.launchAftertheDragonspacecraftswerelaunchedsuccessfullymanytimes，SpaceXlaunchedanadvertisementcampaign：thenewmodelwillbelaunchedintwomonths.①（航天器等）发射②发起；发动（活动）③（新产品、新书等）推出；上市；发行vt./n.发射；发起；上市TheCOVID-19has

givenussuchalongholiday,A.butwestronglydesiretogotoschool.B.butwehaveastrongdesiretogotoschool.6.desiren.渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要desiretodo…=haveadesiretodo…渴望做某事desiresth=haveadesireforsth渴望某物desiresbtodo…=desirethatsb(should)do..渴望/希望某人做…

翻译：我们所有人都渴望医生和护士平安回来。Hehadastrongdesire______success.(介词填空)for7.disappointThesedisastersmadeeveryonesadand

disappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.①Hehadalongmemoryforpeoplewhohaddisappointedhim.②Theexperimentdisappointedtheirhopes.◆词语积累disappointvt.使……失望disappointingadj.令人失望的disappointedadj.失望的disappointmentn.失望◆要点必记bedisappointedin/withsb.对某人失望bedisappointedat/aboutsth.对某事失望bedisappointedtodosth.对做某事感到失望toone’sdisappointment令某人失望的是 vt.使失望使落空用disappoint的正确形式或介词填空The_______________resultmadeeveryonehere_____________.Myparentswillbedisappointed_____meifIfailtheexam.Tomy___________________,theyrefusedmyrequest.Wewerealldisappointed_____thenewsthatourpicnicwascancelledbecauseoftherain.Hewasdisappointed_____seethatshewasn’tattheparty.disappointingdisappointedindisappointmentatto(P41)Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.carryon继续做，坚持干=continuetodocarryonsth.carryonwithsth.carryondoingsth.◆归纳拓展carryout进行；贯彻；执行；实施carrythrough贯穿，使渡过难关carryoff赢得；成功地对付carryaway拿走，冲走，情绪激动carryabout随身携带 HaveaTry1.Igotcarried_____________andstartedshoutingatthesuperstar.2.It'softeneasiertomakeplansthanitistocarrythem__________3.Let'sstophere.We'llcarry__________theconversationtomorrow.4.Carrythebaby_____________.It'sdangeroushere.5.Shecarried_____________mostoftheprizes6.Perseverancewillcarryaman________________.7.Theelderlyalwayscarries____________aradio.awayoutonawayoffthroughabout(P41)ItorbitsEarthandhasastronautsfromdifferentcountriesonboard,providingacontinuoushumanpresenceinspace.在宇宙飞船上

在火车上在船上在飞机上黑板董事会伙食膳食◆形近词语·broadadj.宽的；广阔的·abroadadv.在国外；到国外atabroad在国外goabroad去国外ThissignalledonestepfurtherinChina'splantoestablishaspacestationinthefuture.

（1）vt.&vi.标志着；标明；发信号（2）n.信号；标志；信号灯WhenIgivethesignal,run!.Don'tfireuntilIsignal.Hesignalledhisdiscontentbyrefusingtovote.

signalled

signaltosbforsth示意某人某事awarningsignal警告信号signal（to/forsb）todo示意某人做某事signalsth表示，示意receive/pickupasignal接收信号signal+clause表示，示意n.___________回收利用；循环使用

re-(动词前缀)+cycle(词根)→recyclenew

adj.新的→renewv.使更新；重新开始placev.放；置→replacevt.取代；放回movev.移动→removevt.移开；挪走

usevt.使用→reusevt.再利用

buildv.建；建造→rebuildv.重建

re-+adj.___________可再循环的；可回收利用的

recyclablerecyclingrecyclingsystem回收系统(教材P42)Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.--Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersoasto

recycleitforlateruse.（教材p42）Astronauts'bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspacedueto

thelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,wichwillhelpthemstayhealthy.

①n.缺乏；短缺（通常用单数）②vt.没有；缺乏（不用于被动）Hewasquitenervousbeforetheexamforlackofconfidence.Shehasthedeterminationthatherbrother

lacks.lack

（a）lackof缺少/nolackof不缺少for/becauseof/throughlackof因为缺乏……lacksth.缺乏……lack（for）nothing什么也不缺belackingin缺乏……单句语法填空

(1)Though

（lack）money，theymanagedtosendtheirsontouniversity.(2)Whenyou___________intellignce,you'readumbass.(3)Ifhefails,itwon'tbe_____________lackofeffort. 单句写作（4）_______________

（缺乏锻炼）canleadtohealthproblems,suchasfeelingsofdepressionandexhaustion.（5）Becausewemaybe________________(缺乏自信）inspeakingEnglishinclassorinourdailylife.lacking

for/through

Lackofexercise

lack

confidence

lack

vt.&vi.论证；争辩；争论

表明

Idon'twanttoarguewithyou─justdoit!Theselatestdevelopmentsargueachangeingovernmentpolicy.argueP44Somepeoplearguethat

weshouldstopwastingtimeandmoneyexploringspace.词性的变化arguev.n.argument

争论；辩论adj.arguable可论证的;有论据的;无把握的arguewithsb.about/oversth.与某人争论某事arguethat...争辩……；认为……haveanargumentwithsb.与某人争论/争吵haveanargumentabout/oversth.为某事争论/争吵

（教材P42）Willscientistsfigureoutaway_________(store)sufficientfoodandwaterforthelongjourney?tostoresufficientadj.

足够的；充足的sufficiencyn.足够；充分

sufficientlyadv.足够地；充分地◆短语识记besufficientfor对……来说是足够的besufficienttodosth.足够做某事①Afewbriefcommentsaresufficientforpresentsituation.②Thefoodissufficientforeverybodytoeat.③Howcanitbesufficientlytested?④Hehasaquestionofthesufficiencyoftheequipment.（教材P43）Oh,suchaswhat

facilitiesdotheyhaveinspacetosupporttheirdailylife?facilities[C]（供特定用途的）场所[C]（机器等的）特别装置；（服务等的）特色[pl.]设施；设备facilities[U]天资，才能①ChinesecitiesofferfreeaccesstosportsfacilitiesduringLaborDayholiday.②Thehotelhasitsownpoolandfacilitiesforrelaxing③Hehasgreatfacilityinlearninglanguages.④Asyouallknow,aHydra（九头蛇）facilitywasdestroyedyesterday.（教材P43）I'mvery

keentoknow.=beeagertokeenadj.

热衷的；渴望的keenlyadv.强烈地；（观察）敏锐地keennessn.渴望；热衷◆要点必记bekeentodosth.渴望做某事bekeenon（doing）sth.热衷于（做）某事take/haveakeeninterestin对……有兴趣akeeneyeforsth.对某事物有敏锐的眼光

ashallowunderstandingof对......肤浅的理解

ashallowperson一个肤浅的人

intheshallowwater在浅水里

Wearefarfromtheshallownow只剩那浅滩，你我已远离Intheshallowshallow在那浅水区

----AStarisBornLadyGaga/BradleyCooper

（教材P44）However,othersfeelthisisashallowviewwhichfailstorealisehowexploringspacehelpsus.（教材P43）Oh,suchaswhat

facilitiesdotheyhaveinspacetosupporttheirdailylife?patterns①模式，方式②模型，纸样③模仿，榜样Thepatternoffamilylifehasbeenchangingoverrecentyears.Sheboughtadresspatternandsomematerials.Thissystemsetsthepatternforotherstofollow.◆要点必记provideforsth.为……做好准备provideforsb.提供生活所需providesb.withsth.把某物提供给某人providesth.for/tosb.为某人提供某物◆归纳拓展向某人提供某物offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.supplysb.withsth.=supplysth.tosb.（教材P44）Inordertoprovideforsucharapidlyincreasingpopulation,scientistsaretryingtofindotherplanetsthatcouldonedaybeournewhome.要点必记theentrancetothecave山洞的入口theanswertothequestion问题的答案thekeytothedoor门的钥匙thekeytosuccess成功的关键theapproachtotheproblem问题的解决办法