天津外国语大学701（基础英语＋汉语）YZ历年考研真题及详解

目录

2006年天津外国语大学701（基础英语

＋汉语）YZ真题及详解

2007年天津外国语大学701（基础英语

＋汉语）YZ真题及详解

2008年天津外国语大学701（基础英语

＋汉语）YZ真题及详解

2009年天津外国语大学701（基础英语

＋汉语）YZ真题及详解

2010年天津外国语大学701（基础英语

＋汉语）YZ真题及详解

2011年天津外国语大学701（基础英语

＋汉语）YZ真题及详解

2012年天津外国语大学701（基础英语

＋汉语）YZ真题及详解

2013年天津外国语大学701（基础英语

＋汉语）YZ真题及详解

2014年天津外国语大学701（基础英语

＋汉语）YZ真题及详解

2006年天津外国语大学701（基础英语＋汉语）YZ真题及详解

I.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Writeyour

answersontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

1．TheNewHistoricistsinAmericaandtheir_____inBritain,the“Cultural

Materialists”,haveproducedasubstantialbodyofworkonRenaissance

literatureandsociety.

A.counterparts

B.dichotomies

C.allegiances

D.antagonists

【答案】A

【解析】句意：美国新历史主义者和英国文化唯物论者在文艺复兴时期

的文学和社会方面，著述颇丰。counterpart双方相应的、有相同功能的

人或物。dichotomy二分法，分裂。allegiance忠贞，效忠。antagonist敌

手，对手。

2．For_____,itwasapainfultime:Theyhadtoquitusingdrugsbecause

theycouldnotgetany.Itwasnoteasytomakethemseetheharmofdrug

abuse.

A.drugtraffickers

B.addicts

C.dependents

D.moneylaunderers

【答案】B

【解析】句意：对瘾君子来说，因得不到任何毒品，不得不停止吸毒是

很痛苦的：addict上瘾的人。trafficker干非法勾当者。dependent依赖别

人、尤指经济援助的人。moneylaunderer非法洗钱者。

3．PeoplewereconfusedwhenHowardDean,the_____oftheDonkeytried

tosellhisplanwhichsoundedsomuchRepublican.

A.pastor

B.publicservant

C.liaison

D.archbishop

【答案】B

【解析】句意：民主党官员霍华德·迪恩宣扬的计划带有浓厚的共和党

色彩，人们因此感到困惑。Donkey在美国象征民主党。publicservant公

务员。pastor牧师。liaison联络，私通。archbishop大主教，主教长。

4．Whentheresortcouldnotgettheliftworkingagain,skipatrollers

rescuedthestrandedpassengersbytraversingthecableusingrescue

equipmentina_____onewitnesslikenedtosomethingoutofaJamesBond

movie.

A.scene

B.feat

C.hone

D.phantom

【答案】A

【解析】句意：滑雪巡逻队借助营救设施穿越缆绳，营救陷入困境的乘

客。营救场面可以和007电影中的场面相比。scene场面，情景。feat技

艺，功绩。hone磨刀石，油石。phantom幻影，幽灵。JamesBond，007

系列电影中的主角。

5．Koizumichoseto_____Sino-Japaneserelationssoastocreatedomestic

conditionsforthediplomacyoverhaul.

A.aggregate

B.please

C.acerbate

D.alleviate

【答案】D

【解析】句意：日本首相小泉决定缓和中日关系，为外交改革创造国内

环境。alleviate减轻，缓和。aggregate聚集，集合。please使喜欢，取

悦。exacerbate恶化，激怒，使加剧，使烦恼。

6．Thereisnoevidencethatproperlycookedpoultryoreggscanbe_____.

A.asourceofinfection

B.poisonoustolife

C.locatedasharmful

D.determinedcontagious

【答案】A

【解析】句意：没有证据证明煮熟的家禽或禽蛋会是传染源。asource

ofinfection传染源。病毒才关乎有害或传染，家禽或禽蛋只关乎传染

源。因此，B、C、D三项放在这里句意不对。

7．Seven-eightyearsoldWilsonlosthislifewhenapproachingawhirlpool

formedbythefloodingofwaterandsewageinHavana,Cuba,afterthe

devastating_____ofHurricaneWilma.

A.passage

B.round

C.route

D.assault

【答案】D

【解析】句意：飓风维尔玛横扫古巴哈瓦那后，78岁的老威尔逊在靠近

一个洪水和污水形成的漩涡时丧命。assault攻击，袭击。passage通道。

round巡回，轮唱。route路线。

8．Voicesofthemedia,especiallyofthemainstreammedia,have

representedthecommonperspectiveofsociety’selite,butfewanalyseshave

gonedeepintotheproblemandtherepeatedstressesonself-examinationturn

out_____.

A.tobestereotypes

B.tobeawail

C.tobenonsense

D.tobeclichés

【答案】A

【解析】句意：媒体尤其是主流媒体的声音，代表的是社会精英阶层的

普遍观点。但很少有人深入分析这个问题，对自我反省的反复强调变成

了一种陈词滥调。cliché陈腐的词语或主意。stereotype形象、人物、思

想等模式化，无个性。wail悲叹，哀号。nonsense胡说，废话。

9．Theyhavelongmaintainedthatanysolutiontothecurrentproblemsin

theMiddleEastshouldbebasedonthedemandsandaspirationoflocal

peopleanditisunreasonableto_____anyprogramunacceptabletoregional

countries.

A.advert

B.reverse

C.impose

D.veto

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他们长期主张基于当地人的要求和愿望解决中东当前问

题。企图将该地区国家不能接受的行为强加给它们，是不理智的。

impose强迫（某人）接受，强加。advert注意，留意。reverse颠倒，倒

转。veto否决，禁止。

10．Aspartoftheextensiverevampinginpreparationforthe2008summer

Olympics,atotalofsixWorldCulturalHeritagesiteswillgeta_____,to

restoretheirancientluster.

A.plasticsurgery

B.facelift

C.reshaping

D.facilitation

【答案】B

【解析】句意：作为为2008年奥运会而进行大翻修的一部分，六处世界

文化遗址将进行整修，以重新焕发古老魅力。facelift翻新，整修。

plasticsurgery整形手术，尤指通过组织移植的外科学对身体重塑或修

补。reshape改造，再成形。facilitation简易化，助长。

11．The_____nationalismisnationalismwithoutbrakes:inthenameof

lovingthecountry,itsdemandsareunrestrained,devoidofanykindof

universalisticconsiderations.

A.invidious

B.sheer

C.trivial

D.impeding

【答案】A

【解析】句意：招人怨尤的民族主义没有任何顾忌：它打着爱国旗号，

无限制地提出要求，不考虑任何普遍观点。invidious易招怨恨的，引起

不满的。sheer全然，纯粹。trivial微不足道的。impeding妨碍的，阻止

的。

12．Languageanxietyis_____occurringwhenalearnerisexpectedto

performinthesecondorforeignlanguage.

A.comprehension

B.apprehension

C.tranquility

D.nonchalance

【答案】B

【解析】句意：语言焦虑是指学习者用第二语言表现自己时的忧虑。

apprehension担心，忧虑。comprehension理解，包含。tranquility宁静。

nonchalance冷漠，不关心。

13．Hisinterestin_____activitiestookhimtoislandsintheBahamasand

toicymountainstreams.

A.physical

B.intellectual

C.dexterous

D.piscatorial

【答案】D

【解析】句意：对捕鱼的着迷促使他前去巴哈马群岛和冰山河流。

piscatorial捕鱼的，渔民的。physical身体的，物理的。intellectual智力

的。dexterous灵巧的，惯用右手的。

14．Liu’santicseventuallybrought_____to_____thatastonishedthe

wholenation.

A.arumor,allegiance

B.themurder,affirmation

C.afraudcase,light

D.thestage,wonderland

【答案】C

【解析】句意：刘的荒唐行径最终使一项震惊全国的诈骗案被告破。

bringtolight揭示，揭露。

15．Aredtideof_____algaewasfoundforthefirsttimeinBohai,China’s

inlandsea,onJune11.Ithasprovedtobethemostserious_____yet

discoveredinthecountry.

A.devouring,contamination

B.toxic,occurrence

C.malicious,redtide

D.relinquish,catastrophe

【答案】B

【解析】句意：6月11日，中国内海渤海第一次发现带有有毒藻类的赤

潮。这是目前国内发现的最严重的赤潮现象。toxic有毒的，中毒的。

occurrence发生，事件。devour吞没，毁灭，狼吞虎咽。contamination污

染物。malicious恶毒的。relinquish放弃。catastrophe大灾难。

16．Russia’senvironmentalwatchdogsaidthe_____couldreachthefirst

Russian_____inthenexttwotothreedays,whiletheEmergenciesMinistry

saiditcouldstartaffectingthemajorcityofKhabarovskbyDecember10-12.

A.earthquake,village

B.flood,victims

C.mud-slide,frontiers

D.spill,settlements

【答案】D

【解析】句意：俄罗斯环境监管部门称，水流在未来两三天内能到达俄

罗斯境内的居民点。俄罗斯紧急情况部则称，在12月10至12日前，水流

将开始影响俄罗斯主要城市哈巴罗夫斯克。spill溢出，溅出，水流。

settlement定居点。

17．Beijinghastriedto_____onunsafeconditionsnationwide,but

authoritiessaylocalofficialsleavemany_____minesopeninordertoraise

profit.

A.crackdown,questionable

B.harness,small

C.close,dangerous

D.issuepolicies,private

【答案】A

【解析】句意：中央在全国范围内严厉取缔不符合安全条件的煤矿，但

领导称，地方官员为了盈利，留下了很多问题煤矿。crackdownonsth.

严厉取缔……。questionable有问题的，靠不住的。

18．InChina,teaisdrunknotonlyasa_____tokeepcoldsandcoughs

awayinwinter,butalsoasa_____providing_____forthebodyindry,hot

weather.

A.medicine,tenderizer,lubrication

B.remedy,tonic,energy

C.antibiotic,brewer,lubrication

D.way,soother,energy

【答案】B

【解析】句意：茶不仅可以作为在冬天用来抵御感冒咳嗽的药物，还可

以作为在燥热天气为身体提供能量的一种滋补品。remedy药物，治

疗。tonic滋补品。tenderizer使肉软嫩之物质。lubrication润滑油。

antibiotic抗生素。brewer泡制用具。

19．Anationalcampaignhasbeen_____recentlytoraisethemoral

standardsoftheyoungergeneration,butwehavefailedto_____to

improvingtheirparents’manners.

A.spotted,placenecessaryemphasis

B.launched,attachequalimportance

C.witnessed,valuethesignificance

D.discovered,lookintotheissue

【答案】B

【解析】句意：为提高下一代的道德水平，最近发起一项全国运动。但

我们未能同等重视父辈品德的提高。固定搭配launchacampaign，发起

运动。attachimportanceto重视。

20．Accordingtoindustryanalysts,thestipulationwhichrequiresthatall

landusedforconstructionmustbeauctionedwillboth_____illegalland

exchangeand_____thosedevelopersnotcutoutforthe_____realityofreal

estate.

A.deter,weedout,cut-throat

B.punish,warn,severe

C.wipeout,hinder,prominent

D.stunt,impede,exorbitant

【答案】A

【解析】句意：根据行业分析专家的分析，所有建筑用地都必须进行拍

卖这一规定，将会防止非法土地交易，并将那些没有相当素质的开发商

从过热的房地产开发中淘汰掉。deter（使）决定不做某事。weedout淘

汰，剔除。cut-throat危险的，残酷的。

II.Readcarefullythefollowingpassage(whichforyourconveniencehas

beendividedintothreesections)andthenanswerthequestions.(20points)

[A]Therearethreefactorsofawe-inspiringmagnitudefacingthosewhoseek

adventureamongthehighestpeaks.Theyarethismatterofverticalscale,the

climaticconditionsandtheclimbingdifficulties.Letuslookataltitudefirst.

TherarefiedairsurroundingtheupperpartofEverestobviouslymakes

movement,evenovereasyground,muchmoredifficult.Lackofoxygenalso

slowsdownandblursthemenialprocesses.Beyondacertainpointlifeitself

isnolongerpossible.Ontheotherhand,itisnowsufficientlyestablishedthat

theill-effectsofaltitudeontheclimbermayatleastberetardedbyacareful

regimenofwhatwecallacclimatization,agradualgettingusedtoincreasing

heightoveracertainperiodoftime.Individualperformancesonamountain

naturallyvary,butitmaybesaidthatthoseamonguswhoarebestadaptedto

climbhighmountains,providedtheyfollowthispolicyofgradualness,can

reachanaltitudeofatleast21000feetandremaintherewithoutserious

detriment—atanyratelongenoughtomakeasupremefinalefforttoreacha

higherpoint,provideditisnottoofarabove.

Troublebeginsabovethatheight,whichisonemainreasonwhythereally

highpeaks-thoseof26000feetandover-areinadifferentcategoryof

difficultyfromanylesserones.Thepolicyofgradualnessbreaksdown,for

themuscletissuesbegintodeterioratefairlyrapidlyandtheclimber’s

resistancetocold,hisfortitudeinthefaceofwindandweather,are

weakened.Hetendstolosethepromptingsofappetiteandthirstandheis

deniedtherelaxationofnormalsleep.Infact,fromabout21000feeton-

wards,hereallyneedsgreatlytospeeduptherateofhisprogressandemploy

‘rush’tactics.

Butthishecannotdo.Onthecontrary,heisincreasinglyhandicappedbythe

heightasheclimbsandhisprogressbecomespainfullyslow;themental

effort,likethephysical,isinfinitelygreater.Ifthisistrueofeasyground,itis

themoresowhendifficultiesarise,evenminoroneswhichwouldnotdetera

moderateperformeratalowerheight.Aslightchangeofgradientmaybea

strawwhichwillbreakthecamel’sback.ConsideringthatEverestisover29

000feetandthatsome8000feethavetobeclimbedabovethisestablished

levelofsuccessfulacclimatization,oneaspectofourproblembecomesclear.

Itwouldbeverydesirable,inordertominimizethefactorofphysical

deterioration,toclimbthose8000feetinaday,oratmosttwo;butthisis

clearlyquiteoutofthequestion.Forsoslowlydoestheclimbermovebyhis

ownunaidedefforts,thatfourorfivedayswouldberequiredtogetup,quite

apartfromthesubsequentdescent,andbyaboutthefourthdayatthelatest,

hewouldalreadybesoweakenedmentallyaswellasphysically,thathe

wouldbeunlikelytohavethestrengthorthedeterminationforthelastlap—

justwhenheneedsitmost.Thisiswhathadhappenedbeforeataboutthe

28000-footlevel.

[B]Buttheproblemismuchmorecomplexthanthis.Thesedaysabove21

000feetinvolvetheestablishmentofanumberofhighcamps,andthesein

turnrepresenttents,sleeping-bags,mattresses,food,cookingequipmentand

fuel,aswellasclimbinggear.Allthismustbecarriedup,andbecauseofthe

needtoprovideevenamodicumofcomfortand—moreimportant—

protectionagainstthecold,someofthisbaggageisinevitablyfairlyheavy.

Theloadswouldbefarbeyondthecapacityofthosedestinedtoclimbtothe

top,whoshouldbesparedasmuchaspossibleforthismission;theloads

mustbecarriedupbyothersinasupportingrole.Moreover,inordertokeep

thesizeandstocksofthesehighcampstoaminimum,thebaggageparties

mustbestaggeredintime;theloadsmustbeshiftedupwardsoveraperiodof

days.Thisperiodinturnislikelytobeprotractedbecausetheamountany

mancancarryathighaltitudeissosmall.

Andinthefinalstagesparticularly,thesavingoftimeisvital,notonly

becauseofphysicaldeteriorationbutalsobecauseofanotherfactor,themost

importantofall—weather.

[C]Onallbutthesmallestmountains,orthoseonwhichnoserious

difficultiesaremet,theweatherobviouslyplaysabigpartinmountaineering

plans.Itimposesaserioushandicapontheclimber’sabilitytonegotiate

difficultground;itslowshisprogressandexposeshimtocoldandwind.He

maylosehiswayandstrayontoevenmoredifficultterritory,andhemay

becomebenighted.Theperiodswhenweatherconditionsmaybefairenough

topermitaseriousattemptonthesummitofEverestarenotonlybriefand

fewinanyoneyear;theyappeartoberareasassessedoveranumberof

years.Throughoutthewinter,fromNovembertoMarch,afiercegaleblows

fairlyconstantlyfromthenorth-west.Itisstrong—windspeedsofatleast

seventytoeightyknotsareprobable—anditisdesperatelycold.Itscoursthe

northernflanksoftherangeanddepositssnowonthesouthernfaces;and

snowthusoverlaidontheexistinglayerisusuallyunstableanddangerous,

foritisapttopeeloffinavalanches.

Intheearlysummeracounteringelementcomesupfromthesoutheastinthe

formofthemonsoon.Thiswarm,dampwindfromtheBayofBengal

depositsheavysnowonthehigherflanksofthemountainbarrier;itis

particularlyintenseinthesoutheastpartoftheHimalaya,onwhichit

unleashesitsforceboonafterreachingtheheadoftheBay,anditisinthis

areathatEverestissituated.Monsoonconditionsnormallycontinueto

prevailinthisregionuntiltowardstheendofSeptember.Someclimbingmay

bedoneduringthisperiod,butthedifficultyofclimbingallhighpeaks,

particularlyinthesoutheastHimalaya,isgreatlyincreasedbythehandicaps

anddangersofthedeepnewsnow.ThechancetogetupEverestisprobably

limitedtothegap,orlull,betweenthedepartureoftheoneFuryandtheonset

oftheother;theselullsmayoccurinMayandearlyOctober,thatis,just

beforethemonsoonsetsin,andwhenitdiesaway.Thesetwofactors,the

altitudeandtheweather,tendseparatelyandtogethertodefeattheclimber.

Theheightweakens,slowshimdown;itforceshimtospenddaysandnights

inthecourseofhisassaultonthesummit;theweather,besidesaddingtothe

demandsonhisenergyandmoralfortitude,conspirestodenyhimthetimehe

needstocompletehismission.Whereasinlowermountainsandoneasy

groundtheweathermaybenomorethanahandicap,inthehighHimalayait

isdecisive,regardlessofterrain.

Thedeductiontobedrawnfromthesetwofactorswasclearenough.We

musteithersofortifyourselvesthatwecouldcontinue,withoutdetriment,to

liveandhaveourbeingabovethelimitofnaturalacclimatization,or,better

still,wemustsolvetheproblemofspeed.Itwasdesirable,infact,thatwe

shouldmeetboththeserequirementsandthusgivetothosechosentoattempt

thesummitandtotheirsupportssomemeasureofinsuranceagainstthe

vagariesoftheweather,forsafetyinmountainclimbingisasmuchamatter

ofswiftnessasofsurenessoffoot.Eitherorbothcouldbeachievedonlyby

theadministrationofoxygeninsufficientquantitiestomakeupforthe

deficiencyintheair,andforthedurationoftheupwardjourneyabovethe

limitofsuccessfulacclimatization.

Afterreadingeachofthefollowingquestions,choosetheonecorrectanswer,

andindicateitbywritingdowntheletterthatstandsforit.Inallquestions

onlyoneansweriscorrect.Thisisstressedinsomequestions,butremember

thattheruleappliestoallofthem.

FromSectionA

1．Mostreaderswillbesurprisedtoreadthat_____.

A.‘easyground’existsatallontheupperpartofEverest

B.lackofoxygen‘slowsdown’thinking

C.‘beyondacertainpointlifeitselfisnolongerpossible’

D.‘individualperformancesonthemountain...vary’

E.‘troublebegins’above21000feet

2．‘Retarded’means_____.

A.prevented

B.sloweddown

C.reduced

D.heldback

E.halted

3．Themainpurposeofthefirstparagraphisto_____.

A.rouseinterestinthereader

B.summarizethemainpointsofthefollowingparagraphs

C.askquestionsthatlaterparagraphswillanswer

D.stresstheonemostimportantdifficultyinclimbingEverest

E.praisetheachievementofthosewhoclimbedEverest

4．Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisthattherarefiedair_____.

A.makesclimbingatthisheightverydifficult

B.handicapsclimbers,thoughtheycanbegraduallyaccustomedtoheights

upto21000feet

C.affectsclimbers’mindsaswellastheirbodies

D.hasverydifferenteffectsondifferentpeople

E.preventsseverephysicaleffortbymountaineers

5．Youmaynotknowtheword‘regimen’,butyoushouldbeabletodeduce

thatitmeans_____.

A.programmeofexercises

B.approachtotheproblem

C.prescribedwayoflife

D.controloverone’shabits

E.planningofone’sdiet

6．‘Detriment’means_____.

A.decline

B.weakening

C.harm

D.hardship

E.degeneration

7．WhichONEofthefollowingremarksaboutcomparisonsisnottrue?

A.in5-7theeffectofrarefiedairiscomparedtovisionbecomingindistinct

B.in25theeffectofwantingfoodiscomparedtothearrangementfor

remindinganactorwhoforgetshiswords

C.in30theeffectofheightonaclimberiscomparedtothesystembywhich

aparticularracehorsecarriesmoreweight

D.in33certaintypesofdifficultiesarecomparedtocertainkeysinmusic

E.in35aslightextraproblemiscomparedtothelastsmalladditionwhich

makesacamel’sloadtooheavy

8．Themainideaofthethirdparagraphisthat_____.

A.thepeaksabove26000feetaremuchhardertoclimbthanpeaksalittle

lower

B.thereareseveralreasonswhytheveryhighpeaksaresodifficulttoclimb

C.thedifficultiesfromhighwindsandbitterweatherincrease

D.smallchangesofgradientmaycausemajorproblems

E.above21000feetslowacclimatizationdoesnotwork

9．Themainideaofthefourthparagraphisthataclimber_____.

A.hasnolimetoreachthepeakofEverestbeforedeteriorationsetsin

B.isphysicallyincapableofdealingwithunexpectedproblems

C.wisheshecouldclimbthelast8000feetofEverestveryquickly

D.needstosummonuphisresolutionforafinaleffort

E.oughttoclimbthelast8000feetinadayortwo

10．Themainreasonwhythelast8000feetcannotbeclimbedquicklyis

that_____.

A.theslopesbecomesteepertowardsthetop

B.aclimberneedstoleaveconsiderableenergyforthedescent

C.climberswhoattemptedEverestinthepastlackedresolution

D.therarefiedairslowsdownclimbersphysically

E.severalpreviousclimbershavesuccessfullyreachedapointabout28000

feetup

11．‘Established’means_____.

A.agreed

B.accepted

C.demonstrated

D.believed

E.proved

12．“Fortitude”means_____.

A.perseverance

B.endurance

C.luck

D.courage

E.survival

【答案与解析】

1．E根据第二段，个人登山时的适应能力不同，但如果按照policyof

gradualness即逐步适应的方式，都能在withoutseriousdetriment即不受严

重损害的情况下，到达至少21000英尺的高度。

2．Cretard延迟，阻碍。文中指acclimatization可以使海拔给登山者造成

的困难减小到最低程度。reduce减少，缩小。slowdown（使）慢下来。

holdback踌躇，阻止。halt暂停。

3．B第一段总体介绍登山可能遇到的三个困难：海拔、气候、其他困

难。下文从这些方面展开介绍。因此第一段起总括下文的作用。

4．B第二段从两方面介绍稀薄空气：一方面使行动困难make

movement…moredifficult；另一方面，这种困难能通过逐渐适应法得到

改善may…beretardedby…acclimatization。

5．Bregimen养生法，规则制度。文中解决空气稀薄问题的方法。

6．Adetriment损害，伤害。文中指身体受到严重损伤。decline衰退，

衰落，尤指逐渐恶化的过程。weakening弱化。harm伤害。hardship困

苦，艰难。degeneration衰退，堕落。

7．B以上句子使用的比较均不明显，答题者需要深入体会句中某个词

的内在含义。比如句子（a）“Lackofoxygenalsoslowsdownandblurs

thementalprocesses….”，blur常指视线朦胧，模糊。因此可认为，作者

将theeffectofrarefiedair比作visionbecomingindistinct。句（b）…

deniedtherelaxationofnormalsleep与arrangementforremindinganactor

whoforgetshiswords并无可比性。

8．E第二段介绍21000英尺以下环境适应法的作用，第三段则对21000

英尺以上遇到的困难进行分析，并指出环境适应法将失去作用。

9．E根据第四段的介绍，攀登珠穆朗玛峰到达21000英尺的海拔时，登

山者必须在一至两天内爬完剩下的高度，否则在精神和体力上都将面临

巨大挑战。

10．D第三段解释说，21000英尺是难度系数的界线，因为超过此高

度，Thepolicyofgradualnessbreaksdown即，逐步适应法将不再可行。

登山者的肌肉组织将受到损坏，御寒能力会下降，面对狂风天气时的坚

韧也渐渐失去。

11．Eestablished已制定的，确定的。文中指环境适应法已经被证实可

行。proved被证实的。agreed已经过协议的。accepted公认的。

demonstrate示范的。believe相信的。

12．Bfortitude坚韧，刚毅。文中指面对恶劣环境时的忍耐力。

endurance忍耐力，持久力。perseverance坚定，对信仰等的坚持。

FromSectionB

13．Themainideaofthissectionisthat_____.

A.thebaggagemustbecarriedupbyothers,nottheeventualclimbers

B.climbingEveresttakesalongtimebutmustbecompletedbeforethe

weatherworsens

C.thebaggageneededonthemountainisoftenheavy

D.theintensecoldcreatesseriousproblems

E.thephysicalfitnessofmountaineersonEverestsoondeteriorates

14．“Modicum”means_____.

A.bareminimum

B.smallquantity

C.meagreallowance

D.dropintheocean

E.ungeneroussupply

15．‘Protracted’means_____.

A.endless

B.tedious

C.lengthened

D.exaggerated

E.continuous

16．Itisimportanttosavetimeintheascentofthefinal8000feetforallthe

followingreasonswiththeONEEXCEPTIONthat_____.

A.theclimberswillweakeniftheystayover21000feetfortoolongaperiod

B.theweatherislikelytodeteriorate

C.baggageisdifficulttocarryatthisheight

D.oxygenhastobeusedbytheclimbers

E.theloadscannotbecarriedbytheeventualclimbers

【答案与解析】

13．A这一部分主要介绍登山队员在携带行李方面的注意事项。

14．Bamodicumofcomfort指登山过程中的一点点舒适。modicum少

量，一点点。

15．Cprotract时间上延长或拖延。文中指每个人背负行李的时间可能

会被延长。lengthen延长，（使）变长。tedious单调乏味的。

Exaggerated夸大的。continuous连续的。

16．D文中主要提到两方面原因：体力的消耗和天气的恶化。A、B、

C、E四项本文都有涉及。

FromSectionC

17．Themainideaofthefirstparagraphinthissectionisthat_____.

A.badweathermakesitharderforthemountaineertocontinuedifficult

climbs

B.thesnowonEverestisunusuallytreacherous

C.thedaysaresoshortthattheclimberisoftenovercomebydarkness

unawares

D.mountaineersneedamoreefficientmeteorologicalforecast

E.formostoftheyearbadweathermakesEverestimpossibletoclimb

18．TheactionofthewindonthenorthsideoftheHimalayaissuchthatit

_____.

A.clearsthemountainsides

B.attacksthem

C.freezesthem

D.erodesthem

E.weepsthem

19．‘Countering’means_____.

A.balancing

B.conflicting

C.opposing

D.recoiling

E.resisting

20．“Regardlessofterrain”means_____.

A.beingmoreimportantthanthedifficultiesoftheslope,etc.

B.ignoringtheinhospitabilityofthemountainside

C.becauseofsteepergradients

D.evenoneasyground

E.despitethenatureoftheground

【答案与解析】

17．E这段首先介绍天气在登山活动中扮演的角色，然后指出，适宜登

珠峰的时间很短，arerareasassessedoveranumberofyears.

18．A文章介绍，每年11月至3月，猛烈的西北风都会scoursthe

northernflanks，刮过山脉北部，到达山脉南面，并降雪。scour擦，冲

刷，急速穿行。

19．Ccountering对立的，相反的。文中指夏季刮东南风，和冬季的西

南风向相反。opposing反向的，相反的。balancing平衡的。conflicting相

冲突的。recoiling畏缩的。resisting抵抗的，反抗的。

20．Dregardlessof不管，不顾。regardlessofterrain意为，在喜马拉雅

山海拔较高的地段，即使地形平坦，天气给登山者造成的困难也不易克

服。

III.Fillineachblankwithanappropriatewordtocompletethefollowing

passage.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Platostandsaloneandunsurpassedamongallwritersofphilosophic

dialogues,beforeand(1)him.ThePlatonicphilosophybothcompletes

andextendsSocraticphilosophy.Socrateshadonlysoughttheconceptual

knowledgebuthadnotattemptedtogainawholefromscientifically

combinedconcepts.ItwasPlatowhofirstexpandedtheSocraticphilosophy

intoa(2)HewasthefirstoftheGreekphilosopherswhonotmerely

knewandmadeuseofhispredecessors,butconsciouslycompletedtheir

principlesbymeansofeachother,bindingthemalltogetherintoonehigher

principle,thususingthe(3)achievementsofotherphilosophersforhis

ownsystem.Inperfectingethicsbynaturalphilosophyandnatural

philosophybyethics,Platohasaccomplishedoneofthegreatest(4)

creationseverknown.Thoughhissuccessors,representedbyAristotle,tried

tomakeessentialalterationsinthe(5)ofhismaster,thelatersystems

thatsoughttoreproducethesystemofPlatowereself-deceived.Platowas

abletogivetheprogressofphilosophyanimpulsesopowerfulandso

transcendingthe(6)ofhisownsystemthat,despiteallhisscientific

deficiencies,deservesthe(7)honorofforeverconferringphilosophic

glorificationonthoseinwhomthatprinciplelives.WhereasSocrates

confineshimselftoasearchforconcepts,thecognitionofwhichisforhim

moral(8),Aristotleextendsinductionanddemonstration,purelyinthe

interestsofscience,overalltheActual,thespecial(9)ofplatoisthat

moraleducation,intellectualteachingandtheformationofconceptsandtheir

developmentareinternallyheldtogetherand(10)bytheircommonaim.

【答案与解析】

1．after

（文章开头总括柏拉图在哲学上的成就：前无古人，后无来者。）

2．whole

（柏拉图将苏格拉底的哲学拓展为一个完整体系。前文“…attemptedto

gainawhole”给出提示。）

3．previous

（文中指柏拉图的体系吸收了其他哲学家已取得的以前的成就。）

4．philosophical

（philosophicalcreations哲学上的创造。）

5．system

（makealterationsinthesystem对体系进行改变。）

6．principle

（文中指柏拉图哲学体系对哲学发展的推动力超越了体系本身的影

响。）

7．philosophy

（deservethephilosophyhonor这里指柏拉图值得享受哲学荣誉。）

8．education

（苏格拉底关于观念的探讨体现在他的道德教育思想即moraleducation

上。）

9．characteristics

（柏拉图的特点在于道德教育、智力培养、观念形成和三者的发展相结

合。）

10．combined

（combinebytheircommonaim由它们的共同目标结合在一起。）

IV.Paraphrasetheunderlinedsentences.WriteyouranswerontheANSWER

SHEET.(10points)

1．Warornowar,asthegenerationspassed,itbecameincreasinglydifficult

forouryoungpeopletoacceptstandardsofbehaviorthatborenorelationship

tothebustlingbusinessmediuminwhichtheywereexpectedtobattlefor

success.Thewaractedmerelyasacatalyticagentinthisbreakdownof

Victoriansocialstructure.

【答案】Theyoungergenerationswereexpectedtobesuccessfulinthe

bustlingbusinessworld.Thus,thebehaviorstandardwhichhasnothingtodo

withbusinessmediumbecamemoreandmoreunacceptabletothem.

2．Forthegreatmajorityofautomobileworkers,theonlymeaningofthejob

isinthepaycheck,notanythingconnectedwiththeworkortheproduct.

Workappearsassomethingunnatural,adisagreeable,meaninglessand

stultifyingconditionofgettingthepaycheck,devoidofdignityaswellasof

importance.

【答案】Oneshouldgotoworknotjustformoney,butalsoforthedignity

andimportancethatworkcanbringforth.However,thenatureofworkhas

beenchanged,nolongernaturalormeaningfultoman.

V.Brieflyexplainorprovideanexampleforeachofthefollowingterms.

WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

1．alliteration

【答案】Alliterationmeanstherepetitionofthesameconsonantsoundsor

ofdifferentvowelsoundsatthebeginningofwordsorinstressedsyllables.

2．BabelTower

【答案】BabelTowerwasplannedtobeaheaven-reachingtower,butits

constructionwasinterruptedwhenthebuildersbecameunabletounderstand

oneanother’slanguage.

3．paradox

【答案】Paradoxisanassertionthatisessentiallyself-contradictory,though

basedonavaliddeductionfromacceptablepremises.

4．Prometheus

【答案】PrometheusisaTitanwhostolefirefromOlympusandgaveitto

humankind,forwhichZeuschainedhimtoarockandsentaneagletoeathis

liver,whichgrewbackdaily.

5．Watergate

【答案】Watergateisascandalinvolvingabuseofpowerbypublicofficials,

violationof