2023年职称英语-职称英语(卫生类)笔试历年高频考点试卷带答案

2023年职称英语-职称英语(卫生类)笔试历年高频考点试卷带答案卷I一.单项选择题(共10题)1.WanttoBe100?ListentoThese5Centenarians(百岁老人）FiveneighborsatacentralMissouriretirementcommunitywhoareallcentenariansgetaskedallthetime：“Howdidyoulivetobe100?”Ifyouwanttoliveto100ormore,thisraregroupoffivegoldengirlssaysthekeytolongevity(长寿）isworkinghardatajobyouloveandtakingcareofyourbodywhileyou，reatit.Eventhoughanestimated70，000peopleinthecountryarecurrentlyatthecenturymarkorbeyondinage,itisunusualtofindfive100-year-oldslivinginoneplace.Theaveragelife-span(寿命）ofAmericansisabouttwoorthreeyearsshortofan80thbirthdayparty.Andmostpeopledon’twanttocutoutcoffee,soda,alcohol,cigarettes,andeathealthyfood.“Peopletellmeallthetime,‘Idon’twanttolivetobe100，saidMildredLeaver,whoturned100inJune.“Ithinkthat’sjustsad.AgingisattitudeandIdon’tfeelold，，，saidLeaver,aformereducatorwhostilldrivesherBuickaroundtown.Itdoesn’ttakelongtoseethatLeaverandherneighborsMildredHarris,GraceWolfson,GladysStuartandViolaSemas,havealotmoreincommonthantheirlongevityandlifelonghealthyhabits.Allare100exceptStuart,whois101.Eventhoughtheirsightandhearingaren’twhattheyusedtobe,they’veallavoidedillnessesthatmanyelderlypeoplearestrickenwith.It’sbeen50yearssinceLeaverbeatcancerforthefirstandonlytime.Thecommonthreadthatconnectsthesewomenisthedecadesofservicetojobseachlovedasafarmer,designer,schoolprincipal，bookkeeperandsecretary.Intheearlyyearsoftheirlives,gainfullyemployedwomenlikethemwerejustasrareas100-year-oldsaretoday.Thefivecentenariansliveinaveryfriendlycommunity.ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned正确答案：C,2.WanttoBe100?ListentoThese5Centenarians(百岁老人）FiveneighborsatacentralMissouriretirementcommunitywhoareallcentenariansgetaskedallthetime：“Howdidyoulivetobe100?”Ifyouwanttoliveto100ormore,thisraregroupoffivegoldengirlssaysthekeytolongevity(长寿）isworkinghardatajobyouloveandtakingcareofyourbodywhileyou，reatit.Eventhoughanestimated70,000peopleinthecountryarecurrentlyatthecenturymarkorbeyondinage,itisunusualtofindfive100-year-oldslivinginoneplace.Theaveragelife-span(寿命）ofAmericansisabouttwoorthreeyearsshortofan80thbirthdayparty.Andmostpeopledon’twanttocutoutcoffee,soda,alcohol,cigarettes,andeathealthyfood.“Peopletellmeallthetime,‘Idon’twanttolivetobe100，saidMildredLeaver,whoturned100inJune.“Ithinkthat’sjustsad.AgingisattitudeandIdon’tfeelold，，，saidLeaver,aformereducatorwhostilldrivesherBuickaroundtown.Itdoesn’ttakelongtoseethatLeaverandherneighborsMildredHarris,GraceWolfson,GladysStuartandViolaSemas,havealotmoreincommonthantheirlongevityandlifelonghealthyhabits.Allare100exceptStuart,whois101_Eventhoughtheirsightandhearingaren’twhattheyusedtobe,theyVeallavoidedillnessesthatmanyelderlypeoplearestrickenwith.It’sbeen50yearssinceLeaverbeatcancerforthefirstandonlytime.Thecommonthreadthatconnectsthesewomenisthedecadesofservicetojobseachlovedasafarmer,designer,schoolprincipal,bookkeeperandsecretary.Intheearlyyearsoftheirlives,gainfullyemployedwomenlikethemwerejustasrareas100-year-oldsaretoday.Thefivecentenariansliveinaveryfriendlycommunity.ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned正确答案：C,3.

0ldandActive

Itiswell-knownthatlifeexpectancyislongerinJapanthaninmostothercountries.A____(51)reportalsoshowsthatJapanhasthelongesthealthexpectancyintheworld.Ahealthylonglifeistheresultofthe_______(52)insocialenvironment.

Scientistsaretryingtowork_______(53)exactlywhatkeepselderlyJapanesepeoplesohealthy,andwhetherthereisalessontobe_______(54)fromtheirlifestylesfortherestofus.Shouldwe→

←(55)anychangestooureatinghabits，forinstance，orgojogging(慢跑）eachdaybeforebreakfast?IstheresomesecretingredientintheJapanesediet______(56)isparticularlybeneficial_______(57)thehumanbody?

AnotherfactorcontributingtotherapidpopulationaginginJapanisa______(58)inbirthrate.Althoughlonger____(59)

shouldbecelebrated，itisactuallyconsideredasocialproblem.The____(60)ofolderpeoplehaddoubledinthelasthalfcenturyandthathasincreasedpensionandmedicalcosts.Thecountrycouldsoonbe_______(61)aneconomicproblem，iftherearesomanyoldpeopletobelooked_______(62)，andrelativelyfewyoungerpeopleworkingandpayingtaxestosupportthem.

_______(63)theretirementagefrom65to70couldbeonesolutiontotheproblem.Workcangivetheelderlya→

←(64)ofresponsibilityandmissioninlife.It’simportantthattheelderlyplayactive→

←(65)inthesocietyandliveinharmonywithallgenerations.63APuttingBMovingCLiftingDRaising正确答案：D,4.MultipleSclerosis(多发性硬化症）

1

MultipleSclerosis(MS)isadiseaseinwhichthepatient’simmune(免疫的）systemattacksthecentralnervoussystem.Thiscanleadtonumerousphysicalandmentalsymptoms,asthediseaseaffectsthetransmissionofelectricalsignalsbetweenthebodyandthebrain.However,thehumanbody,beingaflexible,adaptablesystem,cancompensateforsomelevelofdamage,soapersonwithMScanlookandfeelfineeventhoughthediseaseispresent.

2

MSpatientscanhaveoneoftwomainvarietiesofthedisease:therelapsingform（复发型）andtheprimaryprogressiveform.Intherelapsingform,thediseaseprogressesinaseriesofjumps；attimesitisinremission（减轻），whichmeansthataperson’snormalfunctionsreturnforaperiodoftimebeforethesystemgoesintorelapseandthediseaseagainbecomesmoreactive.ThisisthemostcommonformofMS；80%—90%ofpeoplehavethisformofthediseasewhentheyarefirstdiagnosed.Therelapse—remissioncyclecancontinueformanyyears.Eventually,however,lossofphysicalandcognitivefunctionsstartstotakeplaceandtheremissionsbecomelessfrequent.

3

IntheprimaryprogressiveformofMS,therearenoremissionsandacontinualbutsteadylossofphysicalandcognitivefunctionstakesplace.Thisconditionaffectsabout10%—15%ofsufferersatdiagnosis.

4

Theexpectedcourseofthedisease,orprognosis（预后），dependsonmanyvariables：thesubtypeofthedisease,thepatient’sindividualcharacteristicsandtheinitialsymptoms.Lifeexpectancyofpatients,however,isoftennearlythesameasthatofanunaffectedperson—providedthatareasonablestandardofcareisreceived.Insomecasesanearnormallifespanispossible.

5

Thecauseofthediseaseisunclear；itseemsthatsomepeoplehaveageneticsusceptibility(易感性），whichistriggeredbysomeunknownenvironmentalfactor.Onset(发作）ofthediseaseusuallyoccursinyoungadultsbetweentheagesof20and40.Itismorecommoninwomenthanmen；however,ithasalsobeendiagnosedinyoungchildrenandinelderlypeople.Paraaraph1→

←A

TherelapsingformofMSB

ThecauseofMSC

TheprimaryprogressiveformofMSD

ThedefinitionofMSE

ThedevelopmentofMSF

ThetreatmentforMS正确答案：D,5.Sprained(扭伤）AnkleOneofthemostcommoninjuriesteenagersandadultsexperienceisasprainedankle.Asprainoccurswhentheligaments(韧带）ofajointaretwisted(扭伤）andpossiblytorn.Ligamentsarebandsoffibersthatholdthebonesofajointinposition.Aspraincanoccurfromasuddentwistingatthejoint，orastretchingortearingofthefibersoftheligaments.Theinjuredareausuallyswells(肿胀）andbecomesblackandblue.Steppingoffthesidewalkatthewrongangleorhavingonefootlandinaholewhilewalkingorrunningcanleaveyourollingonthegroundinpainwithanantdeonfire!Ifyoucannotwalkwithoutexperiencingintensepain，youmustseekmedicalhelp.Ifthepainismanageable，andyoucanwalk，herearethreewordstohelpyourememberhowtotreatyourself:■Elevate(抬高）■Cool■Bandage(打绷带)Assoonasthereisinjurytothatligament,therewillbeacertainamountofbleedingundertheskin.Oncethebloodpoolsaroundthedamagedbloodvessels，swellingoccurs.Thepressurefromtheswellingresultsinadditionalstressandtendemesstotheregion.Inorder

toreducethedegreeofswelling，liedownassoonaspossibleandkeeptheankleelevatedsothatitisactuallyhigherthanyourheart.Next，toreduceblooddistributionandkeepbleeding(流血）toaminimum，applyacoldpack.After20mhiutes，takethepackoff，waithalfanhour，andthenreapply.Thiscanbedoneseveraltimesadayforatotalofthreedays.

Neverleaveacoldpackonformorethan20minutesatatime.Reducingthetemperatureinthatareaforanextendedperiodoftimesignalsthebodytoincreaseblood

flowtoraisethebodytemperature!Therefore，oneaccidentallytriggers(引起）moreblood

distributiontotheaffectedareabyleavingacoldpackonfortoolong!Finally,bandagethe

ankle.Becarefulnottowindittootightly;doingsocanrestrictbloodflowandcauseharmtotheentirefoot.38Theword“it”inparagraph2(line5)referstoAinjury.Bpressure.Cswelling.Dankle.正确答案：D,6.7.下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段，每段选择1个最佳标题；（2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。OrganicFood:Why?1Europeisnowthebiggestmarketfororganicfoodintheworld,expandingby25percentayearoverthepast10years.Sowhatistheattractionoforganicfoodforsomepeople?Thereallyimportantthingisthatorganicsoundsmore“natural”.Eatingorganicisawayofdefiningoneselfasnatural,good，caring，differentfromthejunk-food-eatingmasses.2Unlikeconventionalfarming，theorganicapproachmeansfarmingwithnatural，ratherthanman-made，fertilisersandpesticides.Techniquessuchascroprotation(轮种）improvesoilqualityandhelporganicfarmerscompensatefortheabsenceofman-madechemicals.Asamethodoffoodproduction,organicis，however，inefficientinitsuseoflabourandland;thereareseverelimitstohowmuchfoodcanbeproduced.Also，theenvironmentalbenefitsofnotusingartificialfertilisersaretinycomparedwiththeamountofcarbondioxideemitted(排放）bytransportingfood.3Organicfarmingisoftenciaimedtobesaferthanconventionalfarming.Yetstudiesintoorganicfarmingworldwidecontinuetorejectthisclaim.Anextensivereviewbytk^StandardsAgencyfoundthattherewasnostatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenorganicandconventionalcrops.Evenwhereresultsindicatedtherewasevidenceofadifference,thereviewersfoundnosignthatthesedifferenceswouldhaveanynoticeablee行ectonhealth.4Thesimplisticclaimthatorganicfoodismorenutritiousthanconven_alwayslikelytobemisleading.Foodisanaturalproduct，andthehealthvalueoffoodswillvatyforanumberofreasons，includingfreshness，thewaythefoodiscooked,thetypeofsoilitisgrownin，theamountofsunlightandraincropshavereceived，andsoon.Likewise,theflavourofacarrothaslesstodowithwhetheritwasfertilisedwithmanure(类便）orsomethingoutofaplasticsackthanwiththevarietyofcarrotandhowlongagoitwasdugup.5Thenotionthatorganicfoodissaferthan“normal”foodisalsocontradictedbythefactthatmanyofourmostcommonfoodsarefullofnaturaltoxins(毒素）.Asoneresearchexpertsays:“Peoplethinkthatthemorenaturalsomethingis，thebetteritisforthem.Thatissimplynotthecase.Infact，itistheoppositethatistrue:thecloseraplantistoitsnaturalstate，themorelikelyitisthatitwillpoisonyou.Naturally，manyplantsdonotwanttobeeaten，sowehavespent10,000yearsdevelopingagricultureandbreedingoutharmfultraitsfromcrops.”Thecloseraplantistoitsnaturalstate，thelesssuitableitisto→←A.affecttheirnutritionalcontentB.bespeciallytrainedC.improvesoilqualityD.beeatenE.showthatorganiccropsaresaferthanconventionalonesF.poisonyou正确答案：D,8.ClinicalTrials1Manyclinicaltrialsaredonetoseeifanewdrugordeviceissafeandeffectiveforpeopletouse.Sometimesclinicaltrialsareusedtostudydifferentwaystousethestandardtreatmentssotheywillbemoreeffective,easiertouse,and/ordecreasesideeffects.Sometimes,studiesaredonetolearnhowtobestusethetreatmentinadifferentpopulation,suchaschildren,inwhomthetreatmentwasnotpreviouslytested.2Itisimportanttotestdrugsandmedicalproductsinthepeopletheyaremeanttohelp.Itisalsoimportanttoconductresearchinavarietyofpeoplebecausedifferentpeoplemayresponddifferentlytotreatments.Somepeopleparticipateinclinicaltrialsbecausetheyhaveexhaustedstandardtreatmentoptions.Otherpeopleparticipateintrialsbecausetheywanttocontributetotheadvancementofmedicalknowledge.3TheFDA(食品及药物管理局）workstoprotectparticipantsinclinicaltrialsandtoensurethatpeoplehavereliableinformationastheydecidewhethertojoinaclinicaltrial.Althougheffortsaremadetocontroltheriskstoclinicaltrialparticipants，somerisksmaybeunavoidablebecauseoftheuncertaintyinherent(内在的）inmedicalresearchstudiesinvolvingnewmedicaltreatments.4Peopleshouldlearnasmuchaspossibleabouttheclinicaltrialsthatinterestthem.Theyshouldalsofeelcomfortablediscussingtheirquestionsandconcernswithmembersofthehealthcareteam.Prospective(预期的）participantsshouldunderstandwhathappensduringthetrial,thetypeofhealthcaretheywillreceive,andanycoststothem.Anyoneconsideringaclinicaltrialshouldalsoknowthattherearebenefitsandrisksassociatedwithparticipating.Clinicaltrialsprovidetheonlyhope_A.forsomepatientsB.beforeparticipationC.inhumansD.medicalknowledgeE.duringthetrialF.candidatesforclinicaltrials正确答案：A,9.Hersister→urged←hertoapplyforthejob.A.advisedB.causedC.forcedD.promised正确答案：A,10.

FactsaboutStroke1Every45seconds,someoneinAmericahasastroke.Every3.1minutes，someonediesofone.Strokekilledanestimated167,661peoplein2000andisthenation’sthirdleadingcauseofdeath，rankingbehinddiseasesoftheheartandallformsofcancer.Strokeisaleadingcauseofserious，long-termdisabilityintheUnitedStates.2Strokeisatypeofcardiovascular（心血管的）disease.Itaffectsthearteries（动脉）leadingtoandwithinthebrain.Astrokeoccurswhenabloodvesselthatcarriesoxygenandnutrients（营养物）tothebrainiseitherblockedbyaclot（凝块）orbursts.Whenthathappens，partofthebraincannotgettheblood(andoxygen)itneeds，soitstartstodie.3Thebrainisanextremelycomplexorganthatcontrolsvariousbodyfunctions.Ifastrokeoccursandbloodflowcan’treachtheregionthatcontrolsaparticularbodyfunction，thatpartofthebodywon’tworkasitshould.Ifthestrokeoccurstowardthebackofthebrain，forinstance，it'slikelythatsomedisabilityinvolvingvisionwillresult.Theeffectsofastrokedependprimarilyonthelocationoftheobstruction（阻塞）andtheextentofbraintissueaffected.4TheAmericanStrokeAssociationhasidentifiedseveralfactorsthatincreasetheriskofstroke.Themoreriskfactorsapersonhas，thegreaterthechancethatheorshewillhaveastroke.Someoftheseyoucan’tcontrol，suchasincreasingage,familyhealthhistory，race，andpriorstroke.Butyoucanchangeortreatotherriskfactorstoloweryourrisk.Factorsresumingfromlifestyleorenvironmentcanbemodifiedwithahealthcareprovider’shelp.Someoftheseinclude:highbloodpressure,currentsmoking,heartdisease,andhighredbloodcellcount.5Astrokecanhappentoanyoneatanymoment.Infactabout600,000peoplehavestrokeseveryyear.Formanyyears，therewasnohopeforthosesufferingastroke.However,recentbreakthroughshaveledtonewtreatments.Forthetreatmentstowork,thepersonmustgettoahospitalimmediately.Paragraph2→

←A.EffectsofastrokeB.AnnualcostofstrokeintheUSC.DefinitionanddescriptionofastrokeD.BreakthroughsintreatmentE.RiskfactorsofstrokeF.Warningsignsofastroke正确答案：C,卷II一.单项选择题(共10题)1.正确答案：C,2.A.tightB.lowC.cheapD.high正确答案：D,3.WanttoBe100?ListentoThese5Centenarians(百岁老人）FiveneighborsatacentralMissouriretirementcommunitywhoareallcentenariansgetaskedallthetime：“Howdidyoulivetobe100?”Ifyouwanttoliveto100ormore,thisraregroupoffivegoldengirlssaysthekeytolongevity(长寿）isworkinghardatajobyouloveandtakingcareofyourbodywhileyou，reatit.Eventhoughanestimated70，000peopleinthecountryarecurrentlyatthecenturymarkorbeyondinage,itisunusualtofindfive100-year-oldslivinginoneplace.Theaveragelife-span(寿命）ofAmericansisabouttwoorthreeyearsshortofan80thbirthdayparty.Andmostpeopledon’twanttocutoutcoffee,soda,alcohol,cigarettes,andeathealthyfood.“Peopletellmeallthetime,‘Idon’twanttolivetobe100，saidMildredLeaver,whoturned100inJune.“Ithinkthat’sjustsad.AgingisattitudeandIdon’tfeelold，，，saidLeaver,aformereducatorwhostilldrivesherBuickaroundtown.Itdoesn’ttakelongtoseethatLeaverandherneighborsMildredHarris,GraceWolfson,GladysStuartandViolaSemas,havealotmoreincommonthantheirlongevityandlifelonghealthyhabits.Allare100exceptStuart,whois101.Eventhoughtheirsightandhearingaren’twhattheyusedtobe,they’veallavoidedillnessesthatmanyelderlypeoplearestrickenwith.It’sbeen50yearssinceLeaverbeatcancerforthefirstandonlytime.Thecommonthreadthatconnectsthesewomenisthedecadesofservicetojobseachlovedasafarmer,designer,schoolprincipal，bookkeeperandsecretary.Intheearlyyearsoftheirlives,gainfullyemployedwomenlikethemwerejustasrareas100-year-oldsaretoday.Itisnothardtofindfive100-year-oldslivinginoneplaceinAmerica.ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned正确答案：B,4.ClinicalTrials1Manyclinicaltrialsaredonetoseeifanewdrugordeviceissafeandeffectiveforpeopletouse.Sometimesclinicaltrialsareusedtostudydifferentwaystousethestandardtreatmentssotheywillbemoreeffective,easiertouse,and/ordecreasesideeffects.Sometimes,studiesaredonetolearnhowtobestusethetreatmentinadifferentpopulation,suchaschildren,inwhomthetreatmentwasnotpreviouslytested.2Itisimportanttotestdrugsandmedicalproductsinthepeopletheyaremeanttohelp.Itisalsoimportanttoconductresearchinavarietyofpeoplebecausedifferentpeoplemayresponddifferentlytotreatments.Somepeopleparticipateinclinicaltrialsbecausetheyhaveexhaustedstandardtreatmentoptions.Otherpeopleparticipateintrialsbecausetheywanttocontributetotheadvancementofmedicalknowledge.3TheFDA(食品及药物管理局）workstoprotectparticipantsinclinicaltrialsandtoensurethatpeoplehavereliableinformationastheydecidewhethertojoinaclinicaltrial.Althougheffortsaremadetocontroltheriskstoclinicaltrialparticipants，somerisksmaybeunavoidablebecauseoftheuncertaintyinherent(内在的）inmedicalresearchstudiesinvolvingnewmedicaltreatments.4Peopleshouldlearnasmuchaspossibleabouttheclinicaltrialsthatinterestthem.Theyshouldalsofeelcomfortablediscussingtheirquestionsandconcernswithmembersofthehealthcareteam.Prospective(预期的）participantsshouldunderstandwhathappensduringthetrial,thetypeofhealthcaretheywillreceive,andanycoststothem.Anyoneconsideringaclinicaltrialshouldalsoknowthattherearebenefitsandrisksassociatedwithparticipating.Paragraph3_______A.Whyareclinicaltrialsdone?B.Whereareclinicaltrialsconducted?C.Whoshouldconsiderclinicaltrialsandwhy?D.Whatshouldpeopleknowbeforeparticipatinginaclinicaltrial?E.Whatareclinicaltrials?F.Areclinicaltrialssafe?正确答案：F,5.WorldHeartDaySundaywasWorldHeartDay.TheWorldHeartFederationanditsmembergroupsinmorethanonehundredcountriesorganizedthecelebrations.TheWorldHealthOrganizationandotherUnitedNationsagenciesprovidedsupportforthe___________(51).WorldHeartDaywasfirstobservedsixyears___________(52).Organizersproposedtheeventasawaytohelpreducethespreadofheartdisease.TheWorldHeartFederationsaysheart___________(53)killsseventeenmillionpeopleeachyear.Thegroupurgespeopletobeactiveandhaveagood，healthydiet.Italsowarns___________(54)activitiesknowntoincreaseaperson’sriskofheartattackorstroke.Someofthewarningsaredirectedatchildren.TheWorldHeartFederationsaysabouttwenty-twomillionboysandgirlsundertheageoffiveareobese—severelyoverweight.Childrenarenormallyenergeticandactive.___________(55)，twothirdsofallchildrenarenotactiveenough.Suchchildrengreatly___________(56)theirriskofbecomingobese.Theyalsoincreasetheir___________(57)ofdevelopingheartdiseaseorotherdisorders.OnemessageofWorldHeartDayistoeatright.Children—______(58)eatahealthyandbalanceddiet.Also,limitsugarydrinks，sweetsandeatingbetweenmeals.TheWorldHeartFederationurgesparentstokeeptheirchildren__________(59).!tsaysphysicalexercisehelpstodecreasetheriskofobesityand___________(60)achildhealthy.Obesechildrenoftenbecomeobeseadults.______(61)youbelieveyourchildistooheavy，talkwithahealthcareprovider.TheWorldHeartFederationisalsoconcernedabouttheeffectsoftobaccoonyoungpeople.Itsaystheyoungersomeonebeginstosmoke，the______(62)thechanceofahealthproblemtiedtosmoking.Halfoftheyoungpeoplewhocontinuetosmokeare___________(63)todielaterinlifefromasmoking-relateddisease.Thegroupsaysalmosthalfofallchildrenlivewithasmoker.Itsayschildrenwholivewitha___________(64)canbreatheanamountoftobaccoequaltomorethantwothousandcigarettes.Andthatisbythetimetheyarefiveyearsold.TheWorldHeartFederationalsosaysparentsshouldwarnchildrennottobe__________(65)bytobaccocompanies.Anditsaysparentswhosmokeshouldtrytostop.A.moodB.desireC.ageD.risk正确答案：D,6.WorldHeartDaySundaywasWorldHeartDay.TheWorldHeartFederationanditsmembergroupsinmorethanonehundredcountriesorganizedthecelebrations.TheWorldHealthOrganizationandotherUnitedNationsagenciesprovidedsupportforthe___________(51).WorldHeartDaywasfirstobservedsixyears___________(52).Organizersproposedtheeventasawaytohelpreducethespreadofheartdisease.TheWorldHeartFederationsaysheart___________(53)killsseventeenmillionpeopleeachyear.Thegroupurgespeopletobeactiveandhaveagood，healthydiet.Italsowarns___________(54)activitiesknowntoincreaseaperson’sriskofheartattackorstroke.Someofthewarningsaredirectedatchildren.TheWorldHeartFederationsaysabouttwenty-twomillionboysandgirlsundertheageoffiveareobese—severelyoverweight.Childrenarenormallyenergeticandactive.___________(55)，twothirdsofallchildrenarenotactiveenough.Suchchildrengreatly___________(56)theirriskofbecomingobese.Theyalsoincreasetheir___________(57)ofdevelopingheartdiseaseorotherdisorders.OnemessageofWorldHeartDayistoeatright.Children—______(58)eatahealthyandbalanceddiet.Also,limitsugarydrinks，sweetsandeatingbetweenmeals.TheWorldHeartFederationurgesparentstokeeptheirchildren__________(59).!tsaysphysicalexercisehelpstodecreasetheriskofobesityand___________(60)achildhealthy.Obesechildrenoftenbecomeobeseadults.______(61)youbelieveyourchildistooheavy，talkwithahealthcareprovider.TheWorldHeartFederationisalsoconcernedabouttheeffectsoftobaccoonyoungpeople.Itsaystheyoungersomeonebeginstosmoke，the______(62)thechanceofahealthproblemtiedtosmoking.Halfoftheyoungpeoplewhocontinuetosmokeare___________(63)todielaterinlifefromasmoking-relateddisease.Thegroupsaysalmosthalfofallchildrenlivewithasmoker.Itsayschildrenwholivewitha___________(64)canbreatheanamountoftobaccoequaltomorethantwothousandcigarettes.Andthatisbythetimetheyarefiveyearsold.TheWorldHeartFederationalsosaysparentsshouldwarnchildrennottobe__________(65)bytobaccocompanies.Anditsaysparentswhosmokeshouldtrytostop.A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.HenceD.But正确答案：B,7.正确答案：C,8.OwlsandLarks（猫头鹰与云雀）1Inthisarticle，welookattheimportanceofsleepforteaming.Mosthealthyadultsneedeightormorehoursofsleep.Butwhydoweneedsleepinthefirstplace?Weneedsleepforthebraintogetachancetorebuildmemoriesstoredduringthedayandassociatethesewithpreviouslylearnedthings.Ifthisprocessisinterruptedby，say，thesoundofanalarmclock,itmaynotbeaseffective.Soifyoursleepiscutshortbytheatarmclock，howdamagingisit?Thetruthisthatit’sdifficulttopredict,assomuchdependsonhowmuchsleepyourbodyactuallyneedsonthatparticularoccasion.2Thepopularbeliefthatpeoplearenaturallyeitherlarks(earlyrisers)orowtsisfalse.Thereasonwhypeopletendtobeoneortheotherhasmoretodowithlifestyle，age，andpersonality.Manypeoplewhoappeartobeearlybirdsmayhavejustbecomesothroughhabit，forexample,parentswithveryyoungchildren.Teenagerscanhavedifficultyfallingasleepuntillateatnightandthentheynaturallyhaveproblemsgettingupthefollowingmorning.3Themainreasonwhyowlsareowlsisthattheytendtospendtheirtimeoverabook，movie，orcomputergametilltheearlyhoursofthemorning.Theyenjoythequietofthenightwhentheycanpursuetheirpassion.Ontheotherhand，larkscanmakebetteruseofearlymorninghourswheretheycanstudyinquietatthetimewhentheirbrainsaremostrefreshed.Sowhichisbetterforlearning—anowl’soralark’slifestyle?Thesimpletruthi