高中英语中10种动词时态及高中英语重点句型翻译练习

PAGEPAGE13英语中的动词有时态(Tense)要求。所谓“时”,即动作发生的时间；“态”，即动作的方式状态。“时”有四种：现在时，过去时，将来时，过去将来时；“态”也有四种：一般式，进行式，完成式，完成进行式。因此，英语中一共有16种时态。常用的时态有9种，过去时现在时将来时一般式一般过去时（did）一般现在时（do,does）一般将来时（will+do;begoingto+do）进行式过去进行时（was/were+do-ing）现在进行时（am/is/are+do-ing）将来进行时（will/shall/is,aregoingtobedo-ing）完成式过去完成时（haddone）现在完成时（have／hasdone）将来完成时（shall/will+havedone）二.新课讲解1.一般过去时（thePastSimple）(1)用法(uses)表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的情况。如：Heworkedinabankallhislife.HediscoveredadesertislandinthePcific.Thesafariwasexcitingbutdangerous.Iknewwhathemeant.TheyalwaysinterviewednewemployeesonFridays.(2)形式（form）即动词的过去式，分两种情况，一种是在动词结尾加ed或ied，这种动词称为规则动词，另一种不能加，形式多样，称为不规则动词。规则动词：a.一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：work-workedplay-playedwant-wantedact-actedb.以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：live-livedmove-moveddecide-decideddecline-declinedhope-hopedjudge-judgedraise-raisedwipe-wipedc.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed，如：study-studiedtry-triedcopy-copiedjustify-justifiedcry-criedcarry-carriedembody-embodiedempty-emptiedd.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stoppedbeg-beggeddrag-draggeddrop-droppedplan-planneddrip-dripped不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。go-wentmake-madeget-gotbuy-boughtcome-camefly-flew(3)一般过去时的时间状语PastSimpleandTimeAdverbials下列时间状语常和一般过去时连用：yesterday,lastmonth,lastMonday,twodaysago,threeyearsago等等。即在句子中出现这样的词语时，要注意句子的谓语动词用一般过去时。Ifinallypassedthedrivingtestlastweek.（4）一般过去时的疑问式和否定式：一般过去时的疑问句和否定句用did和didn’t+动词原形。如：Didyouseethematchlastnight?Wedidn’tseethebeginningofthemoviebecausewewerelate.2.一般现在时（PresentSimple）(1)用法usesa.表示反复发生的动作，日常活动，习惯等。如：Ialwaystakesugarincoffee.Idon’tsmoke.Marywearsaponytail.b.表示一般的真理或永久性的状态。如：Waterfreezesat32Fahrenheit.Wehaveaverygoodrelationshipwithourparents.Heresembleshisfather.c.表示将来的官方事件或不变的时间表。如：TheChineseSpringFestivalfallsonaFridaynextyear.Thelastfilmshowbeginsat9p.m.2.形式（Form）a.陈述句中，除第三人称单数外，谓语动词都用原形。如：IliveinNanyang.TheyusuallywatchTVprogrammesonSaturdayevening.b.陈述句中，主语为第三人称单数(thirdpersonsingular)，谓语动词的结尾要加-s或-es(以y结尾的y变i加-es)。什么是第三人称单数？要满足两个条件，第一是第三人称，如she,he,they,it,John,myfather等等；第二是单数，即表示一个人或物，比如he,she,it,John,myfather等等，而they他们，是复数，多个人，不是单数。如：Shehurriestoworkeverymorning.Heputsonspecialequipmentwhenhedives.c.在疑问句，否定句或简略答语中，用do或does。如：Doesyourmothertravelalot?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.Wedon’tlikeextremesports.Marydoesn’tunderstandwhyriskisexciting.d.一般现在时的时间状语（PresentSimpleandtimeadverbials）句子中如果有以下词语（时间状语），谓语动词常要用一般现在时。always,usually,regularly,everymorning/day/night/week/year,often,sometimes,occasionally,fromtimetotime,twiceaweek,rarely,seldom,onceamonth,hardlyever,never.等等IknowthatIdoputpeopledownoccasionally.Heregularlyswimsandplaystennis.Somepeoplenevergoonadventureholidays.Fromtimetotime,Idreamaboutbecomingamillionaire.3.一般将来时（theFutureIndefinite）(1)用法usesa.依据观点或信念揣测未来。如：Shewillmakeagoodlawyer.YouwillmakegreatprogressinEnglishstudyifyoufollowmyadviceandtakepersistentefforts.IthinkChinawillbecomearichcountryoneday.Whodoyouthinkwillwinthematch.b.表示说话时瞬间做出的决定，可能是提议或意图。如：Allright,Iwillhelpyouwiththehousework.IthinkIwon’tgotothepartyafterall.IthinkIwillgoforawalk.Ihaveaslightheadache.c.表示意愿、承诺和提议。如：Iwillalwaysbeyourfriend.Shewillbringbackyourbicycletomorrow.d.表示请求、邀请。如：Willyoucomewithme?Willyouwaitforme?WillyoucometomypartyonSundayevening?e.依据现在看到的迹象对未来事件做出推断。如：Lookattheclouds;it’sgoingtorain.Heisgoingtowinthematch.f.表示要做某事的主观意图。如：Iamgoingtochangemylifestylecompletely.Iamgoingtostudymedicine/law/finearts.Myparentsaregoingtomovetothecountryside.(2)形式（Form）will+动词原形(a,b,c,d);begoingto+动词原形（e,f）.beto+动词原形。如：TheyaretobemarriedinJune.ThePrimeMinisteristovisitChinanextmonth.ThebridgeistobeopentotrafficonOct.1.4.过去进行时（PastContinuous）(1)用法（uses）a.过去一段时间内的持续动作。如：IwasplanningtogoonatriptoGreece.Therobberswerewaitingatthebusstop.Hewasreadingfrommorningtillnightyesterday.b.描述故事发生的背景或状态。如：Hewassleepingunderatreewhenthestormbegan.Weweretalkingquietlyatthebarwhenafightbrokeout.过去进行时和一般过去时用于同一个句子时，过去进行时描述故事发生的背景，过去时说明该事件。如：Intheend,Iwasstandingthereinastateofshockwhenapolicemanaskedmeformynameandaddress.HewashavinglunchwhentheearthquakewasreportedonTV.(2)形式（Form）was/were+动词-ing.如：Hewasworkinginthegardenalthoughitwasraininghard.Thetrapezeartistwaspreparingheract.Wasthetrapezeartistpreparingheract?Thetrapezeartistwasn’tpreparingheract.5.现在进行时（PresentContinuous）(1)用法usesa.表示说话时正在进行的动作。如：Excuseme,youaresittinginmyseat.Myagentiswaitingforme,Ihavetogo.WearestudyingEnglishnow.b.表示一定时间段内经常进行的动作（暂时的日常活动或习惯）。如：WeareeatingalotofseafoodhereinSpain.Wearestrugglingwithbackwardnessandpoverty.c.已经确定或安排好的将来活动。如：WeareflyingtoParistomorrowmorning.IamleavingforatrekinNepalnextweek.Iamwritingtohertonight.Willyoupostthisletterformeifyouarepassingapostbox?(2).形式formam,is,are+动词-ing.Iamstayingataluxurioushotelbythesea.Grandpaisforgettingthingsnowadays.AretheyplanningtospendtheirholidaysinCorsica?(3).现在进行时的时间状语（PresentContinuousandtimeadverbials）常见的有：just,now,atthemoment,atpresent.这些时间状语可放在be和v-ing之间，可以放在句尾，也可以放在句首。Iamjustdrivingtowork.Wearehavingameetingatthemoment/now/atpresent.Atpresent,manyscientistsarelookingforintelligentformsoflifeoutsidetheEarth.(4)动词-ing的拼写规则a.一般情况下直接加ing,如：thinkthinkingsleepsleepingspeakspeakingb.动词词尾是辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾的，去掉字母e，再加ingwakewakingmakemakingcomecomingtaketakingleaveleavinghavehavingc.以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing。begin，cut,get,hit,run,set,sit,spit,stop,swim,beg,drop,fit,nod,dig,forget,regret,rid,put,travel等。d.以y结尾的动词,直接加ingcarry——carryingenjoy——enjoyingstudy--studyinge.以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y，再加ingdiedyinglielying6.将来进行时（FutureContinuous）will/begoingto+be+动词-ing.Thistimetomorrow,wewillbecrossingtheAtlantic.We’dbettermovethediningtableintothekitchen.Wewillbeeatingthereduringthewinter.7.过去完成时（thePastPerfect）过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作.它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”.Hiseyesshonebrightlywhenhefinallyreceivedthemagazinehehadlongexpected.当她终于收到她盼望已久的杂志时,她兴奋得两眼闪光.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbeguntomakealivingbyhimself.12岁时,爱迪生就开始自己谋生.过去完成时的用法过去完成时的主要用法和现在完成时一样.不同的是,过去完成时把时间推移到了过去某一时间之前,与现在无关.（1）过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作.这个过去的时间状语有by,before等介词短语或when,before等引导的从句.Helenhadleftherkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusbandcamehome.海伦把钥匙忘到办公室里了,因此她不得不等她丈夫回来.Whenwegottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadybegun.当我们到达电影院时,电影已经开始了.HetoldmethathehadvisitedtheGreatWallbefore.他告诉我他以前参观过长城.Bytheendofthematch,theyhadkicked2goals,andwehadkicked4.比赛结束时,他们踢进了2个球而我们踢进了4个球.WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMaryhadbeenawayforalmostanhour.杰克到达后得知玛丽走了近一个小时了.（2）表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到过去的这一时间,而且还可能继续下去的动作,常和for,since构成的短语或引导的从句连用.Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.Ihadknownforsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.听到这个消息我并不感到吃惊.工厂要倒闭这件事我早就知道了.BythetimeIlefttheschool,hehadtaughttheclassfor3years.到我毕业时,他已经教那个班三年了.Hesaidhehadmadegreatprogresssincehecamehere.他说自从他来这里他已经取得了很大进步.（3）用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句或在asif从句中表示与过去事实相反。如：Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.假如他昨天看到你,他就会问你这件事了.IshouldhavecalledyouifIhadknownyourtelephonenumber.假如我过去知道你的电话号码,我就给你打电话了.Hedescribedthesceneasifhehadbeenthere.他描绘的景色如同他去过那里一样.HadIknownthatyouwantedthebook,Iwouldhavesentit.如果我知道你要这本书,我会送来的.8.现在完成时（thePresentPerfect）(1)发生在过去但对现在有影响的动作。如：Ihavelostmykeys.(Ican’topenthedoor)Ilostmykeys.丢钥匙的动作发生在过去，即钥匙已经丢了。Herlastbookhasbeenagreatsuccess.(sheisawell-knownpersonnow.)IhavewalkedacrosstheAmazonjungle.(Itdoesn’tmatterwhenexactlyIdidthat.)Haveyouevereatensweetpotatoes?IhaveoftendreamtaboutgoingtotheSouthPole.（2）表示到现在为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态。常和always,since,for,allmylife等时间状语连用。如：IhavebeenofferedascholarshipatauniversityinCanadaformyfurthereducation.Mr.WanghasleftBeijingforNewYork.Herfatherhasrecoveredfromhisillness.Ihavealwayslovedtravel.Howlonghaveyoubeenatravelwriter?Ihaveknownhimsince2008.(2)形式（form）

have/has+动词过去分词Hehashadthiscoughforalongtime.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?Hasn’thedecidedwhattodo?Theyhaven’tseeneachotherfortenyears.规则动词的过去分词形式和过去式形式一样，不规则动词的过去分词和过去式有些略有区别。（3）现在完成时及其时间状语（PresentPerfectandtimeadverbials）a.before,ever,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,just通常放在has/have之后，有时也放在句尾。如：Haveyoueverthoughtaboutbecominganarchitect?We’veneverheardthestoryofRipVanWinklebefore?Ihaveoftentriedtostudyviolin,alwayswithunsuccessfulresults.b.already通常用于肯定句have/has之后，yet通常用于疑问句和否定句的句尾。如：Ihavealreadyrepairedmybike.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Ihaven’tfinishedmylunchyet.c.for,since,allmylife.for表示动作持续的时间。如：Ihavelivedinthistownfor17years.Ihaven’tseenherforages.since表示动作开始的时间点。如：Wehaveknowneachothersincewewereatprimaryschool.9.将来完成时（theFuturePerfect）shall/will+havedone(1)表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作,并往往对将来某一时间产生影响.Pickmeupat8o'clock,Iwillhavehadbreakfastbythen.早上8点钟你来接我,到时我已经吃完早饭了.Wewillhavelearned12unitsbytheendofthisterm.到这个学期末,我们将学完12个单元.BythetimeyougethomeIwillhavecleanedthehousefromtoptobottom.你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍.Weshallhavefinishedtherepairstoyourcarbytomorrowmorning.Itwillbereadyforyouat11o’clock.Bytomorrowmorning,theweatherwillhaveclearedup.(2)表示推测,相当于"musthavedone"结构.Youwillhaveheardofthis,Iguess.我想你已经听说过这件事了.Iamsurehewillhavegottheinformation.我相信他一定会得到这个信息.Theywerehusbandandwifeforfiveyears.Shewon’thaveforgottenhim.Theboyisverysmart.Bythetimeheis18yearsold,hewillhavelearnedadvancedmathematicsallbyhimself.(3)表示某种状态一直持续到说话人所提及的时间.WewillhavebeenmarriedayearonJune25th.到6月25日我们俩结婚就满1年了.10.过去将来时过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作，也可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作.was/were（not）goingto+动词原形；would（not）+动词原形;与一般过去时的构成相同，只需把助动词shall,will,或be改为相应的过去式should，would,was/were即可。(1)"would+动词原形"构成过去将来时,常表示根据计划或安排即将发生的事.如：Hesaidhewouldcometoseeme.他说他要来看我.HetoldmehewouldgotoBeijing.他告诉我他将去北京.（2）"was/were+goingto+动词原形"也可表示根据计划或安排即将发生的事.Shesaidshewasgoingtostartatonce.她说她将立即出发.Iwastoldthathewasgoingtoreturnhome.有人告诉我他准备回家.（3）"was/were+goingto+动词原形"还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事.如：Itseemedasifitwasgoingtorain.看来好像要下雨.11.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别（1）句子中有确定的过去时间的状语，应该用一般过去时。如：Ihaveseenthefilm.Wesawthefilmlastweek.IhavebeenalloverEurope.IwentalloverEuropein2006.(2)现在完成时通过完成了的过去的动作强调对现在情况的影响。表示动作对现在的影响是这一时态的重要特点。一般现在时只单单说明过去某时发生的某动作，不暗示与现在的联系。如：Ihavelostmykey.Ilostmykeyyesterday.Hehasinjuredhisankle.Heinjuredhisanklethismorning.(3)现在完成时的时间视未完成的或者说话时刚刚完了的一段时间，包括说话时间在内。而一般过去时是已经终结了的成为过去的时间，与现在无关。如：HehaslivedinShanghaisinceheleftschool.HelivedinShanghaiuntilhewas16.Ihaveseenhimthreetimesthismorning.Isawhimthreetimesthismorning.典型例题1.Thehousebelongstomyauntbutshe____hereanymore.A.hasn’tlived B.didn’tlive C.hadn’tlived D.doesn’tlive【解析】本题考查动词的时态。其句意为“这所房子是我阿姨的，但她（现在）不住这儿了。”指的是现在的居住情况，故D项符合。【命题立意】时态题要依据句中出现的动词的时态或时间状语来判断。2.－__________leaveattheendofthismonth.－Idon’tthinkyoushoulddothatuntil____anotherjob.A.I’mgoingto;you’dfound B.I’mgoingto;you’vefoundC.I’ll;you’llfindD.I’ll;you’dfind【解析】begoingto按计划，打算将要做某事。此句意为“我打算在这个月末离开。”“我认为在你没有找到另一份工作之前你不应该离开。”【答案】B【命题立意】本题是对时态基本用法的考查。3.－Wheredidyouputthecarkeys?－Oh,I____putthemonthechairbecausethephonerangasI___in.A.remembered;come B.remembered;wascomingC.remember;came D.remember;wascoming【解析】remember是说话者说话时的思维活动，应用一般现在时。remember宾语从句的内容发生在以前，故用过去时态。【答案】C【命题立意】本题考查时态的基本用法，做题时要将自己融入题目，身临其境。4.Theyounggirlsittingnexttomeontheplanewasverynervous.She____before.A.hadn’tflown B.didn’tflyC.hadn’tflown D.wasn’tflying【解析】动作发生在wasnervous之前【答案】C【命题立意】本题考查过去完成时态。5.——______myglasses?——Yes,Isawthemonyourbedaminuteago.A.DoyouseeB.HadyouseenC.WouldyouseeD.Haveyouseen【解析】现在完成时可表过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果，问话人以这样的时态发问可作现焦急的心情。故答案为D。6.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I______herseveraltimes.A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet7.——Doyouknowourtownatall?——No,thisisthefirsttimeI______here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amgoing【解析】根据this/itisthefirst/second/…timesb.hasdonesth.句型，可定答案为B。又如：ThisisthesecondtimehehasvisitedtheGreatWall.动词的时态精选练习题1.—Whatwouldyoudoifit________tomorrow?—Wehavetocarryiton,sincewe’vegoteverythingready.A.rainB.rainsC.willrainD.israining2.Thehero’sstory______differentlyinthenewspapers.A.wasreportedB.wasreportingC.reportsD.reported3.Althoughmedicalscience________controloverseveraldangerousdiseases,whatworriesusisthatsomeofthemarereturning.A.achievedB.hasachievedC.willachieveD.hadachieved4.Ifwe_________nowtoprotecttheenvironment,we’lllivetoregretit.A.hadn’tactedB.haven’tactedC.don’tactD.won’tact5.WhenIfirstmetBryanIdidn’tlikehim,butI________mymind.A.havechangedB.changeC.hadchangedD.wouldchange6.IfeltverytiredwhenIgothome,andI______straighttobed.A.goB.wentC.hadgoneD.havegone7.—HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheYouthOlympicGamestobeheldinNanjing?—Well,themedia________itinavarietyofforms.A．coverB．willcoverC．havecoveredD．covered8.Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretime-consumingthanwe________.A．willexpectB．areexpectingC．expectD．hadexpected9.Theymadeuptheirmindthatthey________anewhouseonceLarrychangedjobs.A．boughtB．wouldbuyC．haveboughtD．hadbought10.She________someone,soInoddedtoherandwentaway.A.phonedB.hadphonedC.wasphoningD.hasphoned11.Wewon'tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations________．A.arebeingmadeB.willbemadeC.havebeenmadeD.hadbeenmade12.You'dbetterwritedownherphonenumberbeforeyou________it.A.forgetB.areforgettingC.forgotD.willforget13.Blues____asthemusicofAfricanslavesbroughttotheUnitedStates.A.startsoffB.startedoffC.hasstartedoffD.havestartedoff14.Mostofthegreatestperformersofclassicalmusic_____inCarnegieHallsincethetimethehallwasbuilt.A.hasperformedB.performedC.haveperformedD.hadperformed15.Ballet___inItalyandFranceduringthe15thcenturyandisstillanimportantartforminWesternculture.A.beganB.begunC.hadbegunD.hasbegun高中重点句型翻译练习1.Asisknown(tousall),…=Itisknown(tousall)that…2.Itseemsthatsb./sth.…=sb./sth.seemsto…Itappears(tosb)that…=sb./sth.appearsto…3.It(so)happenedthatsb./sth.…=sb./sth.happenedto…4.Thereis/are….Thereseemstobe…Therehappenedtobe…Theremusthavebeen…Thereisgoingto/willbe…5.SthoccurredtosbIt(suddenly)occurredtosbthat…Itneveroccurredtosbthat…=Itdidn’toccurtosbthat…6.Itissaid/reportedthatsb./sth.…=sb/sthissaid/reportedtodo…Itisbelievedthatsb./sth.…=sb/sthisbelievedtodo……7.Itisnogood/usedoing…Theythink/consider/feelitnouse/gooddoingItislikelythatsb./sth.…=sb/sthislikelytodo…Itispossible/probablethatsb./sth.…8.Itishardtoimagine/say/believe…Itisnowonderthat…9.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.Sb.takessometimetodosth.Sb.spendstime/moneydoingsth/onsth10.When/Wheneveritcomestosb./sth/doingsth,…11.It(still)remainsaquestionwhether…=Whether…remainsaquestion.Whether…remainstobeseen.Whether…(ornot)mainlydependson…12.Itmattersalot/littlewhether/who/how…Itdoesn’tmatterwhether/who/how…What(really)matters(tosb)is…13.Youmakeitaruletodo/that…Theymakeitpossible/clear(forsb)todo/that…Wefind/feel/think/considerit+adj./n.(forsb)todo/that…Wethink/consider/feelitagreathonortodosth14.keep/bearsthinmind→keep/bearinmindthat…15.takesth.forgrantedtakeitforgrantedthat…=Itistakenforgrantedthat…16.seetosth.seetoitthat…=makesurethat…17.Iwouldappreciateit(verymuch)ifyoucoulddosth.Iwouldbegrateful/thankful(tosb.)ifyoucoulddosth.18.Itwon’tbelongbefore…→Itwillbe…before…Itis/wasthefirst/secondtimethat…(现在完成时/过去完成时)19.Itisuptosb.todosth.20.Itwas+强调部分+that…Sb.do/does/did+v.21.not…until直到……才……→Itis/wasnotuntil…that…→Notuntil…22.Thefirsttime+从句…=When…forthefirsttime,…Everytime/Eachtime…=Whenever…Themoment/Theinstant/Directly…=Assoonas…一……就23.nosooner…than/hardly…whenIhadnosoonerleftthanshecalled.=NosoonerhadIleftthanshecalled.24.n./adj./adv.+as/though+S+V虽然……25.However/Nomatterhow+adj./adv.+S+V,…whatever/wherever/whenever/whichever/whoever/whomever/whether26.Themore…themore…27.Thereisno/notmuchpointindoing…Thereisnoneed(forsb)todo…Thereisnodoubtthat…Thereisnopossibilityofdoing/that…Thereisnodenyingthat…28.Chancesarethat…可能……29.since/nowthat既然30.Itis/hasbeensometimesince…(过去式)Itwassometimesince…(过去完成时)31.Thosewho…32.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.Heisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.33.倒装①全部倒装②部分倒装Only+状语（短语/从句）34.祈使句，and/or+陈述句35.not…but…36.Wordcamethat…37.Thereasonwhy/for…was/isthat...38.Whatimpressed/struckusmostwasthat…Whatmatters(tosb.)isthat…39.Withthedevelopment/improvement/rise/increase/advance/helpof…40.Contrarytoone’swish/expectation/whatpeople(had)expected/thought41.cannot/never…too/can’t…enough怎样也不过分42.notnecessarily未必43.take…intoconsideration/account直到回到家她才发现把自行车钥匙忘在了办公室里了。（not…until）众所周知，计算机在我们的日常生活和工作中起着重要的作用。(play)众所周知，成功属于那些勤奋工作的人。（It）我们发现很难赶上科技领域的迅速发展。(findit)我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。（findit）给我印象最深的是她的微笑。(impress)只有到了那时，汤姆才承认自己的错误。(Only)正是怀特先生负责这个项目。(itis…who)在电脑的帮助下，解这道题只需花你几秒钟的时间。（take）毫无疑问实行“五一”、“十一”长假有许多明显的优点。（thereisnodoubt…）你熟悉的词越多，你越会发现比较容易理解一篇文章的内容和意义。（themore…）他们答应无论发生什么，他们都会完成这项艰巨的任务。(whatever)我从来没想到你能干这种事。(occur)他们成功的原因在于他们能从错误中学到很多。(thereasonfor)他体质差的原因是他不太注意饮食和休息。(thereason)她没有参加昨晚的聚会是因为没有人告诉她。（why）快点，要不然我们就要错过火车了。(or)跟她解释这事没用.，因为她太年轻，理解不了。（nouse）他一登上飞机就发现他的手表不见了。(Nosooner…)那些不会操作电脑或不会讲英语的人是不能得到这份工作的。(those)他开始做他的功课已两个小时了，可到现在还没完成他的所有作业。(since,sofar)无论计算机如何普及，有些工作必须有人来做。(nomatterhow)飞机飞得越高，我们越看不清楚。(themore)Shedidn’tfindshehadleftthekeytothebicycleinherofficeuntilshewentbackhome.It’swellknownthatthecomputerplaysanimportantpartinourdailylifeandwork.Itiswellknownthatsuccessbelongstothosewhoarehardworking.Wefind/founditdifficulttokeepupwiththerapiddevelopmentinthefieldofscienceandtechnology.Ifindit(is)hardtocooperatewiththosewhoalwayssticktotheirownopinion.Whatimpressedmemostwashersmile.OnlythendidTomadmitthathewaswrong..ItisMrWhitewhoisresponsibleforthisproject.Itwilltakeonlyafewsecondsforyoutosolvethisproblemwiththehelpofacomputer.10.ThereisnodoubtthattherearemanyobviousadvantagestohaveweeklongholidaysonMayDayandNationalDay.11.Themorewordsyouarefamiliarwith,theeasieryouwillfindittolearnthecontentandmeaningofanarticle.12.Theypromisethatwhateverhashappened,theywillfinishthisdifficulttask.13.Itneveroccurredtomethatyoucoulddosuchathing.14.Thereasonfortheirsuccessisthattheycanlearnalotfromtheirmistakes15.Thereasonforhispoorhealthwasthathedidn’tpayenoughattentiontohisdietandrest.Thereasonwhyshedidn’tattendthepartylastnightwasthatnobodyhadtoldheraboutit.Hurryup,orwewillmissthetrain.It’snouseexplainingthismattertoher,forsheistooyoungtounderstandit.Nosoonerhadheboardedtheplanethanhefoundhiswatchmissing.Thosewhocan’toperatethecomputeorspeakEnglisharenotabletoobtain/getthisjob.Itistwohourssincehestartedtodohishomework,butsofarhehasn’tfinishedallthehomeworkyet.Nomatterhowpopularcomputersare,someworkmustbedonebymen..Thehighertheplaneflies,thelessclearlywecansee.★not…until…/Notuntil…/Itwasnotuntil…that直到会议快要结束时他才露面。（showup）直到二十世纪初人们才学会怎样防止这种疾病的蔓延。(prevent)直到那时他才意识到他的老师是非常善解人意的。（considerate）可惜他们直到事故发生之后才采取措施防止它。直到上周末收到你的来信时我们才如释负重。（relieve）Notuntilthemeetingwasalmostoverdidheshowup.Notuntilthebeginningofthe20thcenturydidpeoplelearnhowtopreventthediseasefromspreading.Notuntilthendidherealizethathisteacherwasveryconsiderate/thoughtful/understanding.it’sapitythattheydidn’ttakeanymeasurestopreventtheaccidentuntilithappened.Notuntilweheardfromyoulastweekwerewerelieved.★Themore…themore..你的词汇量越大，你就感到用英语写作越容易。(feelit+adj.todo)人们普遍认为，用脑越多，思维就越活跃。(itisgenerallybelievedthat)问题发现得越早，解决起来越容易。问题越难，我越有可能能够解决他们。(likely)我们学习得越多，将来就越能为我们国家工作的越好。你练习讲英语越多，就越对你有好处。(dosbgood)我们经常讨论的一个问题是：是否钱越多越幸福。相对而言，孩子与父母交流越多，越不可能感到忧郁。(sufferfrom)Thelargervocabularyyouhave,theeasieryou’llfeelittowriteinEnglish.Itisgenerally/commonlybelievedthatthemoreoneuseshisbrain,themoreactivehismindwillbe.Theearliertheproblemisfound,themoreeasilyitcanbesolved.Themoredifficulttheproblemsare,themorelikelyIamtobeabletosolvethem.Themorewelearn,thebetterwe’llbeabletoworkforourcountryinthefuture.ThemoreyoupractisespeakingEnglish,themoregooditwilldoyou.Thetopicweoftendiscussiswhetherthemoremoneywehave,thehappierwewillbe.Relativelyspeaking,themorechildrencommunicatewiththeirparents,thelesslikelytheywillsufferfromdepression.★Nomatterhow/however+adj./adv.+S+V1.不管这个新体系有多复杂，我们还是要用它。(complicated)2．无论社会发展得多快，这个传统应该代代相传。(passon)3．无论他如何努力，他似乎永远学不好物理。4．不管我们有多忙，下星期我们一定会举行一次欢送会向那些退休工人们表示敬意。(inhonorof)5．不管天有多晚，他从不把今天必须做的事拖到明天。(putoff)6.如果我们以一种强烈的意志工作，我们能够克服任何的困难，无论这个困难有多大。Nomatterhowcomplicatedthenewsystemis,we’llhavetouseit.Howeverfastthesocietydevelops,thistraditionshouldbepassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Itseemsthathoweverhardheworks,hecanneverlearnphysicswell.Howeverbusyweare,wewillcertainlygiveafarewellpartyinhonorofthoseretiredworkersnextweek.Howeverlateitis,heneverputsoffwhatmustbedonetodaytilltomorrow.Ifyouworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,howevergreatitis.★Adj./adv./n./v.+as/though+S+V虽然他很聪明，但他不愿把全部时间用在学习上。(devote…to)他很累，但他还是工作到深夜。(worklateinto…)虽然他是个孩子，但对于这个世界他了解很多。虽然我敬佩他作为一个作家，但我不喜欢他作为一个人。(admire)Cleverasheis,heisnotwillingtodevoteallhistimetohisstudy.Tiredashewas,hestillworkedlateintothemidnight.Childasheis,heknowsalotabouttheworld.MuchasIadmirehimasawriter,Idon’tlikehimasaman.★Hardly/scarcely/barely…whennosooner…than我刚到家，电话铃就响了。他一到实验室，就开始做实验。(setout)这男孩刚打开电脑，他父亲就回家了，叫他做功课。他一到家就迫不及待地把好消息告诉他父母。(can’twait…)Ihadhardlyreachedhomewhenthephonerang.Nosoonerhadhegottothelaboratorythanhesetouttodotheexperiment.Hardlyhadtheboyturnedonthecomputerwhenhisfathercamehomeandaskedhimtodohislessons.Hehadhardlyarrivedhomewhenhecouldnotwaittotellhisparentsthegoodnews.★where/wherever我已下定决心去最需要我的地方。那些大学生在毕业之后会去无论他们被需要的地方。众所周知，药品不应该放在孩子们可以拿到的地方。(accessible)我会把这本书放在你放的地方，并在我放它的地方做个记号。(makeamark)I’vemadeupmymindtogowhereI’mneededmost.Thosecollegestudentswillgowherevertheyareneededaftergraduation.Asweallknow,medicineshouldbekeptwhereitisaccessibletochildren.IwillputthebookwhereyouplaceditandmakeamarkattheplacewhereIputit.★Thefirsttime=when…forthefirsttimeEverytime/eachtime=wheneverThemoment/theinstant=assoonas史密斯先生第一次去杭州时，就被西湖的美所打动。(strike)第一次坐飞机时，飞机起降时感到不舒服是很正常的。(itisnormal…)每次他妈妈叫他帮助做家务，他总是假装在看书。每次我看到这张照片，就让我想起我的学校生活。（remind）每次在阅览室看完杂志，请放回原处。(where)他高中一毕业就去了国外。虽然好几年没碰到他了，但昨天我一看到他就认出他了。ThefirsttimeMrSmithwenttoHangzhou,hewasstruckbythebeautyoftheWestWhenyoutakeaplaneforthefirsttime,itisnormal(foryou)tofeeluncomfortablewhiletheplaneistakingofforlanding.Eachtimehismotheraskshimtodosomehousework,healwayspretendstobereading(abook).EverytimeIseethephoto,itremindsmeoftheschoollife.Eachtimeyoufinishreadingthemagazineinthereadingroom,pleaseputitwhereitwas.HewentabroadthemomenthegraduatedfromSeniorHighSchool.AlthoughIhaven’tmethimforyears,IrecognizedthemomentIsawhim.★This/Itis/wasthefirst/secondtimethat…这是他第一次独立解决这个问题。这是他们第一次赢得一场正式比赛，因此每个人都欣喜若狂。这是我第三次没有通过驾驶考试。Thisisthefirsttimethathassolvedtheproblemonhisown.Itisthefirsttimethattheyhadwonaformalmatch,soeveryonewaswildwithjoy.ItisthethirdtimethatIhavefailedtopassthedrivingtest.★Itwill(not)be…before…（Itwon’tbelongbefore…）Itwas(not)…before…不久我们就要从高中毕业了。很长一段时间之后他才会回来。不久一架直升机就到达现场来营救这次飞机失事的幸存者。(onthescene)很长一段时间之后他才意识到了他的错。不久他就意识到了他的错。很快他就意识到了他的错。(itwasbeforelongthat…)过了几分钟我才觉察到刚才发生的事。（aware）几年后他们在国外结了婚。20年后他的研究成果才最终得到承认。(recognize)过了一段时间我的眼睛才适应了黑暗，能够辨别出不同的动物。(makeout)Itwon’tbelongbeforewegraduatefromSeniorHighSchool.Itwillbealongtimebeforehecomesback.Itwasn’tlongbeforeahelicopterarrivedonthescenetorescuethesurvivorsoftheplanecrash..Itwaslongbeforeherealizedhismistake.Itwasnotlongbeforeherealizedhismistake.Itwasbeforelongthatherealizedhismistake.ItwasseveralminutesbeforeIwasawareofwhathadhappenedjustnow.Itwasseveralyearsbeforetheygotmarriedabroad.Itwastwentyyearsbeforetheresultofhisresearchwaseventuallyrecognized.Itwassometimebeforemyeyesbecameusedtothedarkandcouldmakeoutdifferentanimals.★Itis(hasbeen)…since…自从我们上次互相见面，几乎已经五年了。