新编英语教程5-unit8-教学课件

UnitEight

TextIWhyNothingWorks

产品为何失效I.LibraryWork1.ThePomoIndiansbelongtoaNorthAmericanIndiantribethatformsthesecondlargesttribalgroupinCalifornia,U.S.A.Thename“Pomo”comesfromasuffixthatthePomopeopleaddtomanywordsintheirlanguage.ThePomowomen’sfinebasketryistheartistictriumphofthepeople.PomoI.LibraryWorkbasketryincludessmallmasterpiecesaswellaslarge,colorfullydecoratedcontainers,andisconsideredamongtheworld’sfinest.Inthesummer,Eskimosusedtwokindsofboatsforhuntingandtravel.1)ThekayakwasdeckedoverexceptforI.LibraryWorkamanholethataccommodatedoneperson.Suchcrafthadframesmadeofpiecesofdriftwoodboundtogether.Theframeswerecoveredwithdehairedsealskinssewnwithwaterproofstitching.2)Theumiakwasalarge,openboatmadebycoveringadriftwoodframewithsplitwalrushidesorsealskins.II.OrganizationoftheText1.Murphy’sLaweffect:theshoddygoodsproblem(Paragraph1)2.Cause:humanratherthantechnological(Paragraphs2–5)

①Illustration:artifactsusedbysimplepre-industrialsocieties(2)II.OrganizationoftheText②Thesourceofquality:socialrelationshipbetweenproducerandconsumer(3)③Contrast:thewidedifferenceinthequalityofproductsmadebytheproducerforhimselforhiskinandofthosemadeforunknownusers(4–5)III.KeyPointsoftheTextParagraph1attributeto:regardsomethingasbelongingto,causedbyorproducedby认为某事物属于某人，认为某事物由某人引起或产生E.g.:ThisplayisusuallyattributedtoShakespeare.这个剧本通常认为是莎士比亚作的。Paragraph1savant:apersonhavinggreatknowledgeofsomesubject专家，学者，博学之士corollary:anidea,anargument,orafactthatnaturallyfollowssomethingelse必然的结果，自然的结果Paragraph1E.g.:Neitherofthemknewaboutit,andthecorollaryofthatisthatsomeoneelserevealedthesecret.他们两人并不知道这回事，因此一定是另外有人泄露了秘密。CorollariestoMurphy’sLawsuggestthemselvesascluestotheshoddygoodsproblem:Paragraph1FromMurphy’sLawwemayfindanswerstotheproblemofbadlymadegoods.shoddy:ofpoorqualityorbadlymade劣质的；粗制滥造的E.g.:shoddyworkmanship劣等工艺Paragraph1untiladecentintervalhaselapsed:untilasufficientlylongperiodoftimehaspassed.Thebasicmeaningofdecentis“proper;sociallyacceptable,”e.g.,decentbehavior,decentclothing.Inthiscontext,adecentintervalsuggeststhattheamountoftimeshouldbelongenoughforpeopletoacceptasproper.Paragraph1elapse:Thiswordisusedtoindicatethepassingoftime,e.g.,threeweeks/fourmonths/twoyearshaveelapsed.forestallingMurphy’sLaw:preventingMurphy’sLawfromtakingeffect/operatingParagraph1forestall:preventordefeat(apersonorhisplans)byactingfirst（用先发制人的手段）预先阻止E.g.:Beforehehadtimetoexplainwhatheproposedtodo,hisplanwasforestalled.Thepoliceforestalledtheburglar’sattempttobreakintothejeweler’s.Paragraph1commitment:(inthiscontext)obligationordeterminationtoforestallMurphy’sLaw.Originallycommitmentreferstotheactofpledgingordevoting(oneself)toacourseofaction(承诺，许诺).E.g.:Theteacher’scommitment(responsibility)ismorethanimpartingknowledge.Paragraph1Apersoniscommittedifhedevoteshimselftoacertaincause,e.g.,acommittededucationist(忠诚的教育家).Paragraph1dothetrick:(informal)tofulfillone’spurposeorintention(口)有效，达到目的E.g.:Thismedicineoughttodothetrick(=curethedisease).Ineedapieceofpaper.Thisoldenvelopewilldothetrick!我需要一张纸。这只旧信封正可一用。Paragraph1Itookfoursleepingpillsbuteventhatwouldn’tdothetrick.我吃了四片安眠药，但尽管这样也还是没有效果。Paragraph1maintenance:theactofkeepingingoodorder/conditionbyregularlycheckingitE.g.:Youmaybeabletoaffordasecond-handautomobile,butitsmaintenancemaycostyoualot.Paragraph2artifact:anobjectthatismadebyman,suchasatooloradecoration,especiallyonethatisofhistoricalinterestE.g.:Variousartifactsofprehistorictimeswerediscoveredduringtheexcavation.Paragraph2dispel:remove(falsebelief,doubt,fear)byprovingthemwrongE.g.:Hisencouragingwordsdispelledallmydoubtsaboutmyowninability.wehonorthelabel“handmade”:weshowrespectfor/thinkmuchofthetagwhichsaysthatthearticleismadebyhandParagraph3seaworthy:(ofaship)ingoodconditionandfitforaseavoyageevoke:bringforth,callup,causesomethingtoberememberedorexpressedE.g.:Thesongsevokedmemoriesofmyschooldays.

Paragraph3projectile:anobjectorweaponthatisshotforward,especiallyfromagun,orthatshootsitselfforward抛射体，射弹；抛射的Paragraph4parka:ashortcoatwithaprotectivecover风雪大衣，派克大衣Paragraph5theintimatesentimentalandpersonalbonds:theclose/familiaremotionalandperson-to-personrelationship/connectionParagraph5wither:becomeweakerorshrink.Plants,trees,flowersmayallwitheraway,andsomayone’shope,whenonebecomeshopeless.thewomenandmeninvolvedin…:thewomenandmentakingpartin…beinvolvedin:beasanecessarypartinParagraph5E.g.:Areyouinvolvedinyourclass’snewproject?alienation:afeelingofnotbelongingtoornotbeingapartofone’ssurroundingsE.g.:Theforeman’shaughtinesscausedalienationfromworkamongtheworkers.Paragraph5sabotage:intentionaldamagetomachines,buildings,etc.carriedoutsecretlytoweakenagovernment,anenemy,orasaprotestE.g.:Allattemptsatsabotagemustbemercilesslycrushed.

TextIIThePlotAgainstPeople

与人为敌I.OrganizationoftheText1.Classificationofinanimateobjectsintothreemajorcategoriesandthebasisoftheclassification(Paragraphs1–2)2.Detaileddiscussionofthethreemajorcategories(Paragraphs3–14)A.Thosethatbreakdown(3–4)I.OrganizationoftheTextB.Thosethatgetlost(5–10)C.Thosethatdonotwork(11–14)II.KeyPointsoftheTextParagraph2asageneralrule:alsoingeneral,usually;inmostcases一般(或总的)说来;大体上;从总体上看Paragraph3cunningn.:cleverness,especiallyindeceiving狡猾,狡诈,诡诈E.g.:Hehasthecunningofthesecretdrinkerwhohidesbottles.他是个诡诈的酒徒,偷偷喝酒然后有把酒瓶藏掉的本领.Paragraph3Intersection:crossroadsirritability:angerParagraph4inleague(with):workingtogether(with),oftensecretlyorforabadpurpose(与…)联合;(与…)结盟;(与…)勾结E.g.:Theywereallinleagueagainsthim.他们都联合起来反对他.Thepoliceofficerisprivatelyinleaguewithsomecrooks.那警官暗中和一些无赖勾结.Paragraph6intheact(ofdoing):whiledoing;atthemomentofdoingE.g.:IwasintheactofshootinghimwhenIsuddenlyrecognizedhim.

Shehadababyanddiedintheact.她在生孩子过程中死去。Paragraph6

becaughtintheact

被当场捉住（或发觉）

intheveryactofdoingsomething正在做事的过程中plausible:(ofastatement,argument,etc.)seemingtobetrueorreasonable貌似有理的；貌似真实的；花言巧语的Paragraph6E.g.:aplausibleexcuse貌似有理的借口

aplausibleplot貌似真实的情节

aplausiblecommentator(liar)花言巧语的评论员（说谎大王）locomotion:movement;abilitytomoveParagraph7burrow:moveaheadbyorasifbydigging钻进（或钻入）某处；偷偷打入某组织；如掘进般前进E.g.:Thetrainwasburrowingthroughvalleys.火车在群谷中穿行。

Weburrowedapaththroughthecrowd.我们从人群中拱出一条路来。Paragraph7couch:sofa长沙发

Paragraph9upset:causetoworry使心烦意乱，使苦恼E.g.:Thenewsquiteupsethim.那消息使他心烦意乱。

Itupsetmetolearnoftheirattitude.听说他们的态度后我很不高兴。

Theforeignfoodupsethim(hisstomach).异国食物使他（他的胃）感到不适。

Paragraph10conciliatory:tendingorintendingtoconciliate安抚的；调和的，调解的；谋求好感的E.g.:aconciliatoryact安抚性的行动

aconciliatorypolicy和解政策

aconciliatoryspirit和解精神Paragraph10Hehasbeenconciliatoryaboutthatsmallandbackwardcity.他对那座又小又落后的城市没有怨言。

Paragraph11quit:stopfunctioning停止工作，停止活动E.g.:Theenginehasquit.引擎不转了。

Paragraph12workingorder:thestateofworkingwell,withnotrouble（机器等的）工作状态，运转情况E.g.:putawatchingoodworkingorder

使一块表走时准确

Everythingisinworkingorder.一切正常。Paragraph13baffle:makeef