研究生基础英语期末考试样卷教学研究

1/1研究生基础英语期末考试样卷-教学研究

讨论生基础英语期末考试样卷

GraduateEnglishExamination

(基础综合英语期末考试时间为2小时30分钟)PartIListeningComprehension(35points)

SectionA:Gap-fillingPleasefillinthegapswiththeexactwordsyouhear.WritedownyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.ThereportwillbebroadcastTWICE.

AmericanMosaichasbeenbroadcastingaseriesofreportsforforeignstudentswhowanttoattendcollegeintheUnitedStates.Thisisthe_____1_____programinthisseries.

Wehopethesereportshelpedstudentsthinkabouttheir_____2_____andprovidedwaystoreachthem.

WeexplainedthekindsofcollegesanduniversitiesintheUnitedStates,howtogetinformationaboutthemandhowto____3______foradmission.Wediscussedadmissionstestsandhowtoprepareforthem.WereportedaboutthehighcostofattendinganAmericanuniversityandtoldaboutpossibleplacestoseek__________4__________.WetalkedaboutthelegaldocumentsthatareneededbeforeastudentcantraveltotheUnitedStatestoattendcollege.Wealso

discussedthe____5______ofusingthecomputertotakeclassesatanAmericancollegewithoutleavinghome.

Inotherprograms,wetoldaboutsomeAmericancollegesthatarenotsowellknown.LandmarkCollege,forexample,teachesstudentswith__________6__________.JohnsonandWalesUniversityoffers__________7__________.Wealsoprovidedinformationabout_____8_____collegesandtheMastersofBusinessAdministrationdegree.

Wewouldliketothankeveryonewhowrotetousaskingquestionsthatwereusedinthisseries.Theyhelpedusexplainsubjectswehadnotconsidered.Forexample,weexplainedabouttheneedforstudent__________9__________.Wediscusseddormitorylife.AndwetoldthedifferencebetweenanAmericancollegeandauniversity.

AllthesereportscanbefoundonthecomputerbygoingtotheSpecialEnglishwebsite.Theaddressis_____10_______.WehopeyouwillcontinuetolistentoAmericanMosaicforreportsaboutAmericanlifeandotherinformationaboutAmericancolleges.Inabouttwoyears,wewillbroadcastthisseriesagaintoprovidenewinformation.Bythen,anothergroupofstudentswillbelookingforinformationaboutattendingcollegeintheUnitedStates.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissectionyouwillhearapassagetwice.Thenyoushouldgivebriefanswerstothequestionsprintedontheexaminationpaper.Besuretowrite

讨论生基础英语期末考试样卷

youranswersontheAnswersheet.

11.Wheredidmostpeoplelivefiftyyearsagoandhowmanypeopleliveincities

now?

12.Whydomanyexpertsworryabouttheprocessofurbanization?

13.Whatreportdidtheenvironmentalresearchgroupreleaselastweek?

14.Whatareunplannedsettlements?

15.AccordingtoMollyO’MearaSheehan,whatshouldpolicymakersdo?

16.WhydidFreetown,SierraLeoneestablishfarmingwithincitylimits?

17.WhyisthebussystemcreatedbyengineersinBogotasuccessful?

18.Whatarethereasonsforcingpeopletomoveoutofruralareas?

19.Whatarethetwoissuesthathaveexistedsidebysideaccordingto

OlavKjorven?

SectionC

Directions:Inthissectionyouwillheartwopassages.Eachpassagewillberead

twice.Aftereachpassagetherewillbesomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

QuestionsforpassageoneofsectionC

20.Whoagreesthatfoodsfromhealthyclonedanimalsaresafe?

A．U.S.CenterforFoodSafety

B．Anewsconference

C．U.S.AgricultureDepartment

D．BruceKnight

21.AccordingtotheFDAassessment,meatandmilkfromcattle,swineand

goatclones_________________________.

A.aredifferentfromtraditionally-bredanimals

B.areassafeasfoodfromtraditionally-bredanimals

讨论生基础英语期末考试样卷

C.posesafetyconcern

D.arebetterthanordinaryanimals

22.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutmeatormilkfromclonedsheep?

A.TheFDAhasprovedthesafetyofproductsfromclonedsheep.B.Meatandmilkfromclonedsheepareharmful.

C.TheFDAisnotsureifmeatormilkfromclonedsheepissafe.

D.Therearenotenoughclonedsheepforresearch.

23.AccordingtotheFDA,labelingisonlyrequired____________________.

A.forproductsthatposeasafetythreat

B.whenpeoplewanttoknowwhattheyarebuying

C.fortheclonedanimalproducts

D.formeatandmilkfromclonedsheep

24.Reactionfromconsumerandanimalwelfaregroupshasbeenmainly

__________.

A.affirmative

B.inconclusive

C.active

D.negative

25.AccordingtothecenterforFoodSafety,________________________.

A.theFDAshouldapologizeforhavingmadetheannouncement

B.theFDA’sriskassessmentreliesoncompleteandcorrectresearch

C.theFDA’sriskassessmentwasbasedonstudiesthataresuppliedby

cloningcompanies.

D.theFDAdidanadequatejobbeforemakingtheannouncement

26.Whohavecometothesameconclusionaboutthesafetyofclonedanimal

products?

A.RegulatorsintheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority.

B.RegulatorsinNewZealand.

C.RegulatorsintheEuropeanUnion.

D.BothBandC

27.TheFDAsayscloneswillmainlybeused________________________.

A.fortheirmeatandmilk

B.toimprovethequalityoftheherd

C.forscientificpurposes

D.toproducesafefood

讨论生基础英语期末考试样卷

QuestionsforpassagetwoofsectionC

28.Whichofthefollowingfactorsdoesn’ttopthelistofheartattackrisks?

A.badhabitsB.fattydietsC.stressD.smoking

29.Mostofwhatweknowaboutthecausesofheartdiseasecomesfrom

studiesamongpeople___________________________.

A.indevelopingcountries,mainlyoldagedwhitemen.

B.inwesterncountries,mainlymiddleagedwhitewomen.

C.inwesterncountries,mainlymiddleagedwhitemen.

D.inindustrialnations,mainlyoldagedwhitemen

30._______________accountfor90percentofheartattacksinternationally.

A.Nosimplymeasuredriskfactors

B.Thesamefactors

C.Threeriskfactors

D.Ninesimplymeasuredriskfactors

31.Dr.Anandsays______________isresponsiblefor__________ofheartattacks.

A.weightgain……onefifth

B.emotionalstress……onefifth

C.smoking……onefourth

D.highbloodpressure……onesixth

32.WhatisDr.Anand’sdescriptionoftherelationshipbetweenstressandhavingheartattack?

A.Dependent

B.Adverse

C.Independent

D.Unpredictable

33._______________seemstoberesponsibleforonlyonepercentofheartattackrisk.

A.Highbloodpressure

B.Geneticinheritance

C.Poordiet

D.Diabetes

34.Whatcanhelpprotectagainstheartdisease?

A.Regularphysicalexercise.

B.Consumptionoffruitsandvegetables.

讨论生基础英语期末考试样卷

C.Moderateamountsofalcohol.

D.Alloftheabove.

35.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothereport?

A.CountrieslikeIndiaandJapanwillexperienceanepidemicofheartdisease.

B.Deathrateshavedecreaseddramaticallyinlowandmiddleincomenations.

C.Thereisadeclineinheartdiseaseinindustrialcountriesinthepastfewdecades.

D.Thestudiescannothelpgovernmentsmakepreventionpoliciestocurbthe

epidemic.

PartIIReadingComprehension(20points)

questionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CorD.Decideonthebestchoice，andmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

PassageOne

[1]Rubbishmaybeuniversal,butitislittlestudiedandpoorlyunderstood.Nobodyknowshowmuchofittheworldgeneratesorwhatitdoeswithit.Inmanyrichcountries,andmostpoorones,onlythepatchiestofrecordsarekept.Thatmaybeunderstandable:bydefinition,wasteissomethingitsownernolongerwantsortakesmuchinterestin.[2]Ignorancespawnsscares,suchasthefusssurroundingNewYork’sinfamousgarbagebarge,whichin1987sailedtheAtlanticforsixmonthsinsearchofaplacetodumpitsload,givingmanyAmericansthefalseimpressionthattheircountry’slandfillshadrunoutofspace.Italsomakesithardtodrawupsensiblepolicies:justthinkoftheendlessdebateaboutwhetherrecyclingistheonlywaytosavetheplanet—oranexpensivewasteoftime.

[3]Rubbishcancauseallsortsofproblems.Itoftenstinks,attractsverminandcreateseyesores.Moreseriously,itcanreleaseharmfulchemicalsintothesoilandwaterwhendumped,orintotheairwhenburned.Itisthesourceofalmost4%oftheworld’sgreenhousegases,mostlyintheformofmethanefromrottingfood—andthatdoesnotincludeallthemethanegeneratedbyanimalslurryandotherfarmwaste.Andthentherearesomereallynastyformsofindustrialwaste,suchasspentnuclearfuel,forwhichnouniversallyaccepteddisposalmethodshavethusfarbeendeveloped.

[4]Yetmanyalsoseewasteasanopportunity.Gettingridofitallhasbecomeahugeglobalbusiness.Richcountriesspendsome$120billionayeardisposingoftheirmunicipalwastealoneandanother$150billiononindustrialwaste,accordingtoCyclOpe,aFrenchresearchinstitute.Theamountofwastethatcountriesproducetendstogrowintandemwiththeireconomies,and

讨论生基础英语期末考试样卷

A—a

especiallywiththerateofurbanization.So,wastefirmsseearichfutureinplacessuchasChina,IndiaandBrazil,whichatpresentspendonlyabout$5billionayearcollectingandtreatingtheirmunicipalwaste.

[5]Wastealsopresentsanopportunityinagrandersense:asapotentialresource.Muchofitisalreadyburnedtogenerateenergy.Clevernewtechnologiestoturnitintofertiliserorchemicalsorfuelarebeingdevelopedallthetime.Visionariesseeafutureinwhichthingslikehousehold

rubbishandpigslurrywillprovidethefuelforcarsandhomes,doingawaywiththeneedfordirtyfossilfuels.Othersimagineaworldwithoutwaste,withrubbishbeingroutinelyrecycled.AsBruceParker,theheadoftheNationalSolidWastesManagementAssociation(NSWMA),anAmericanindustrygroup,putsit,“Whyfishbodiesoutoftheriverwhenyoucanstopthemjumpingoffthebridge?”

[6]Untillastsummersuchviewswerespreadingquickly.Entrepreneurswerequeuinguptoscourrubbishforanythingthatcouldberecycled.Therewaseventalkofminingoldlandfillstoextractsteelandaluminiumcans.Andwastethatcouldnotberecycledshouldatleastbeusedtogenerateenergy,theevangelistsargued.Abravenewwastelessworldseemednigh.

[7]Butsincethenwastethatsubstitutesforthem,haveputanendtosuchvisions.Manyoftherecyclingfirmsthathadarguedrubbishwasonthewayoutnowsaythatunlesstheyaregivenfinancialhelp,theythemselveswilldisappear.

[8]Subsidiesareabadidea.Governmentshavearoletoplayinthebusinessofwaste

management,butitisaregulatoryandsupervisoryone.Theyshouldobligepeoplewhocreatewastetocleanupafterthemselvesandideallyensurethatthepriceofanyproductreflectsthecostofdisposingofitsafely.Thatwouldhelptosignalwhichitemsarehardesttogetridof,givingconsumersanincentivetobuygoodsthatcreatelesswasteinthefirstplace.

[9]Thatmaysoundsimpleenough,butgovernmentsseldomgettherulesright.Inpoorercountriestheyoftenhavenorulesatall,oriftheyhavethemtheyfailtoenforcethem.Inrichcountriestheyareofteninconsistent:toostrictaboutsomesortsofwasteandworryinglylaxaboutothers.Theyarealsopronetoimposingarbitrarytargetsandtaxes.California,forexample,wantstorecycleallitstrashnotbecauseitnecessarilymakesenvironmentaloreconomicsensebutbecausethegoalof“zerowaste”soundspoliticallyattractive.Britain,meanwhile,hasstartedtaxinglandfillssoheavilythatlocalofficials,desperatetofindanalternative,areinvestinginallmannerofunprovenwaste-processingtechnologies.

[10]Asforrecycling,itisuselesstourgepeopletosalvagestuffforwhichtherearenobuyers.Iffirmsarepassingupeasyopportunitiestoreducegreenhouse-gasemissionsbyre-usingwaste,thengovernmentshavesetthepriceofemissionstoolow.Theywoulddobettertodealwiththatproblemdirectlythantotrytoregulateawaytherepercussions.Attheveryleast,governmentsshouldmakesuretherearemarketsforthematerialstheywantcollected.(844words)

讨论生基础英语期末考试样卷

36.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.TheauthorthinksitisagoodideatodumpthegarbageintheAtlantic.

B.TheUnitedStates’landfillshavealreadyrunoutofspace.

C.Peoplearescaredofnotknowingwheretodumpthegarbage.

D.WhattheNewYorkgarbagebargedidin1987isnotorious.

37.Almost4%oftheworld’sgreenhousegasescomesfrom___________.

a)animalslurry

b)farmwaste

c)municipalwaste

d)industrialwaste

38.Wecaninferfromparagraph[4]that_______________________.

a)collectingandtreatingrubbishstimulatesacountry’seconomy

b)thehighertherateofurbanization,thelesswastethecountryproduces

c)thepooreracountryis,themorerubbishitproduces

d)China,IndiaandBrazilwillprobablyspendmoremoneydisposingoftheirmunicipal

waste

39.Accordingtoparagraphs[5]and[6],___________________________.

a)BruceParkerthinksthatwasteshouldberoutinelyrecycled

b)alargeamountofsteelandaluminiumcanshavebeenextractedfromoldlandfillsc)wenolongerneeddirtyfossilfuelstoprovidefuelforcarsandhomes

d)wasteisapotentialnaturalresource

40.Theword“plummeting”inparagraph[7]mostprobablymeans______________.

a)disappointing

b)droppingdown

c)rocketing

d)unexpected

41.Intheauthor’sview,governments___________________________.

a)shouldgivetherecyclingfirmsfinancialhelpassoonaspossible

b)shouldencouragepeopletobuygoodsthatproducelesswaste

c)shouldinflictseverepunishmentonthosewhocreatewaste

d)shouldonlycareaboutpoliticallyattractiveissues

42.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat_____________________.

A.cooperationbetweengovernmentsisessentialtowastemanagement

B.theproblemofwasteisworsethanever

C.governments’policiesontreatingwasteremainlargelyincoherent

D.governmentsshouldtaxlandfillsheavilyandinvestinwaste-processingtechnologies

讨论生基础英语期末考试样卷

PassageTwoTherewerestrangersonourbeachyesterday,forthefirsttimeinamonth.AnewfootprintonoursandisnearlyasrareasinRobinsonCrusoe.WeareattheveryedgeoftheAtlantic;halfamileoutinfrontofusisacoralreef（珊瑚礁）,andthennothingbut3000milesofoceantoWestAfrica.Itisawildandlonelybeach,withthesamesurfbeatingonitaswhenColumbuscameby.Andyetthebeachispolluted.

Oiltankersoverthehorizonhavefouleditmorethanlegionsofpicnickerscould.Theoilcomesashoreinfloatingpatchesthatstainthecoralblackandgray.Ithasblightedtherockcrabsandthecrayfishandhascoatedthedelicatewhorlsoftheconchshellswithblackgoo（黏质物质）.Andithascongealed（凝聚）uponitself,litteringthebeachwithglobesoftarthatresemblethecannonballsofadesertedbattlefield.Theislanders,astheygobeachcombingforthetreasurestheseahaswashedupforcenturies,nowwearoldshoestoprotecttheirfeetfromtheoilthatwashesuptoo.

Youhavetotrytogetawayfrompollutiontorealizehowbaditreallyis.Wehaveknownforthelastfewyearshowbadourcitiesare.Nowthereisnolongeranescape.IfthereisoilonthisislandfaroutintheAtlantic,thereisoilonnearlyeveryotherisland.

Itisstillearlyhere.Theairisstillclearovertheisland,butitwon’tbewhentheybuildtheairstriptheyaretalkingabout.Thewateroutoverthereefisstillblueandgreen,butitisdirtierthanitwasafewyearsago.Andifthelandisnotdespoiled,itisonlybecausetherearenotyetenoughpeopleheretodespoilit.Therewillbe.Andsoforthemomentonthisislandwearewitnessestothebeginning,asitwere,ofthepollutionofourenvironment.

Untilthepollutionofourdesertedbeach,itseemedsimpletoblameeverythingonthe“populationexplosion.”Ifthepopulationofthisisland,forexample,couldbestabilizedatacoupleofhundred,therewouldbeverylittleproblemwiththeenvironmentinthissecluded（与世隔绝的）area.Therewouldbenopollutionoftheenvironmentiftherewerenottoomanypeopleusingit,andsoifweconcentrateonwinningthewaragainstoverpopulation,wecansavetheearthformankind.

Buttheoilonthebeachbeliesthistoo-easyassumption.ThosetankersarenotouttherebecausetoomanyChineseandIndiansarebeingborneveryminute.TheyarenotevenouttherebecausetherearetoomanyAmericansandEuropeans.Theyaredeliveringtheiroil,andcleaningtheirtanksatseeandsendingtheresidueupontothebeachesoftheAtlanticandPacific,inordertofuelthetechnologyofmankindandthefactoriesandthepowerplants,thevehiclesandtheenginesthathaveenabledmankindtosurviveonhisplanetarenowspoilingtheplanetforlife.

Thefishermenonthisislandareperfectlyrightinpreferringtheoutboardmotortothesail.Theirlivelihoodisinvolved,andthemotor,forallitsfoulingsmell,hashelpedincreasethefisherman’scatchsothathecannowaffordtodispensewiththefarmoreobnoxious（厌烦的）outdoorprivy.Butthedangeroftechnologyisinitsescalation,andtherehasalreadybeenasmallamountofescalationhere.Youcanseethemotoroilslicksaroundthetowndock.Electricgeneratorscanbeheardoverthesoundofthesurf.Andwhilethereareonlyabouttwodozenautomobilesforthetenmilesofroad,alreadythereisawreckedjeeprustingintheharborwaterswhereiswasdumpedandabandoned.Theescalationoftechnologicalpollutioniscominghere

讨论生基础英语期末考试样卷

justassurelyasitcametothemainlandcitiesthatarenowshrouded（覆盖）byflyash.

Iftheoiliskillingthelifealongthecoralheads,whatmustitnotbedoingtothephytoplankton（浮游植物群落）atseawhichprovide70%oftheoxygenwebreathe?Thelessonofourfouledbeachisthatwemaynotevenhaverealizedhowlateitisalready.Mankind,becauseofhistechnology,mayrequirefarmorespaceperpersononthisglobethanwehadeverthought,butitismorethanamatterofacertainnumberofsquareyardsperperson.Thereisinsteadadelicatebalanceofnatureinwhichmanysquaremilesofoceanandvegetationandcleanairareneededtosustainonlyarelativelyfewhumanbeings.Wemayfind,assoonastheendofthiscentury,thatthefinalpeoplechokingtodeath.Thetechnologythemachinewillthenindeedhavehaditsultimate,mindless,all-unintendedtriumphoverman,bydestroyingtheatmospherehelivesinjustassurelyasyoucanpinchoffadiver’sbreathingtube.

Sittingonalonelybutspoiledbeach,itishardtoimaginebutpossibletobelieve.

(868words)

43.Whichofthefollowingisthebestsummaryofthisessay?

A.Pollutionhasreachedeventheremotestareasoftheglobeandwillonlyworsen.

B.Thesolutiontopollutionproblemsliesincontrollingpopulationgrowth.

C.Outboardmotorsarethemajorculprits（元凶）inthepollutionofourocean.

D.Wecansolvepollutionproblemsonlywhenwestopalloilproduction.

44.Beforethepollutiononthebeach,themainenvironmentalproblemsoftheislandwerebeingcausedby__________.

A.overpopulationB.factoriesC.woodstovesD.commercialfishing

45.Theword“despoliation”asusedheremeans_____________.

A.destructionB.definitionC.desperationD.destination

46.Thepollutioninouroceansmaybecausingphytoplanktonto_________.

A.increasetoadangerouslevelB.beeatenbyfishinplaceoftheirusualfood

C.graduallybedestroyedD.poisonimportantspeciesoffish

47.Thetoneexpressedthroughoutthisessayisoneof________.

A.panicandconfusionB.gloomanddespair

C.enthusiasmandhopeD.humorandlightheartedness

PassageThree

Sometimeswhenyoutakeacommondrug,youmayhaveasideeffect.Thatis,thedrugmaycausesomeeffectotherthanitsintendedone.Whenthesesideeffectsoccur,theyarecalledadversereactions.Wheneveryouhaveanadversereaction,youshouldstoptakingthedrugrightaway.Askyoupharmacistwhetherhecansuggestadrugthatwillrelievethesymptomsbutthatwillnotcausetheadversereaction.Ifanadversereactiontoadrugisserious,consultyourdoctorforadviceatonce.

Drugsthataresafeinthedosagestatedonthelabelmaybeverydangerousinlargedoses.Forexample,aspirinisseldomthoughtofasdangerous,buttherearemanyreportsofaccidentalpoisoningofyoungchildrenwhoswallowtoomanyfortheiryoungbodiestohandle.Inadults,excessiveuseofsomepain-killingdrugsmaycauseseverekidneydamage.Somedrugsforreliefofstomachupsets,whentakeninexcess,cancauseanupsetinthebody’ssecretionofenzymes,

讨论生基础英语期末考试样卷

perhapscausingseriousdigestiveproblems.Youshouldneveruseanyover-the-counterdrugonaregular,continuedbasis,orinlargequantities,exceptonyourdoctor’sadvice.Youcouldbesufferingfromaseriousillnessthatneedsadoctor’scare.

Eachdrugyoutakenotonlyactsonthebodybutmayalsoaltertheeffectofanyotherdrugyouaretaking.Sometimesthiscancausedangerousorevenfatalreactions.Forexample,aspirinincreasestheblood-thinningeffectofdrugsgiventopatientswithheartdisease.Therefore,apatientwhohasbeentakingsuchadrugmayriskhemorrhage（大出血）ifheusesaspirinwheneverhegetsaheadache.Beforeusingseveraldrugstogetheryoushouldaskyourdoctorandfollowhisadvice.Yourpharmacistcantellyouwhethercertaindrugscansafelybetakentogether.

Alcoholmayincreasetheeffectofadrug.Sleepingpillsandantihistamines（抗组胺药）aretwotypesofdrugsthatcombinewithalcoholtoproducedrowsiness.Whentakinganydrug,youshouldaskyourdoctorwhetherdrinkingalcoholcouldbedangerousincombinationwiththemedicine.

Expertsbelievethereisarelationshipbetweenadultabuseoflegitimatemedicinesandthedrugculturethathassweptourcountry.Youcandoyoursharetoreducethechancesthatyourchildrenwillbecomepartofthedrugculturebytreatingallmedicineswithrespect.Alwaysletyourchildrenknowthatmedicinesanddrugsshouldnotbeusedcarelessly.

(409words)

48.Adversereactionstodrugssometimesarecalled________.

A.sideeffectsB.overdosesC.withdrawalsymptomsD.risks

49.Whenaspirinisusedwithheartmedication,itcan__________.

A.clotbloodB.thinblood.C.thickenbloodD.damagemuscle

50.Theauthorimpliesthatalcohol_________.

A.canintensifytheeffectsofadrugB.canmakeadruguseless

C.cancauseapersontoturntodrugsD.candamagethepancreas（胰腺）

51.Theauthoradvisesparents________.

A.toavoidtakingdrugsinfrontofchildren

B.toteachtheirchildrenaboutdrugs

C.tothrowawayoldmedicines

D.topreventtheirchildrenfromstrenuousexercisesaftertakingdrugs

52.Wecanconcludethat________.

A.drugsshouldbeboughtbyprescriptiononly

B.peoplereactdifferentlytodrugs

C.aspirinisnotconsideredadrug

D.itisnotaproblemtotakelargequantitiesofover-the-counterdrugs

PartIIITranslation(25points)PleasetranslateintoChinesethefollowingparagraphsfromthe