国际贸易进出口实务课件

ChapterOne

ABriefIntroductiontoInternationalTradeReasonsforInternationalTradeResourceAcquisition尋求資源BenefitsAcquisition追求利潤Diversification多種經營ExpandSales擴大銷售ProblemsConcerningInternationalTradeCultureDifference文化差異問題MonetaryConversion貨幣兌換問題TradeBarriers貿易壁壘FormsofInternationalTradeMerchandiseExportsandImports商品進出口ServiceExportsandImports服務進出口Licensing許可證貿易TradingCompanies貿易公司JointVentures合資企業Investment投資VisibleandInvisibleTrade有形貿易和無形貿易MerchandiseExportsandImports

商品進出口

★Exporting商品出口

◆Directexporting直接出口◆Indirectexporting間接出口★

Importing商品進口ServiceExportsandImportsTourismandTransportation旅遊業和交通運輸Performanceofactivitiesabroad國外商務活動Useofassetfromabroad國外資產的運用ThewaysofdealingininternationaltradeTradeaccordingtotradeagreement/tradeandpaymentagreement/exchangeofgoodsandpaymentagreementTradeaccordingtothecontract/salescontractBartertradeCompensationtradeProcessingtradeConsignmenttradeExclusivesalesagreementAgencyarrangementsInvitationforbidortenderTradefairsChannelstoestablishtraderelationsBanksAchamberofcommerceCommercialCounselor’sOfficeFriendsinternetTwoimportantprinciplesinforeigntradeAbsoluteadvantageComparativeadvantageTradebarriersTariffbarriersNon-tariffbarriersQuotaImportlicensingsystemForeignexchangecontrolNewnon-tariffbarriersChapter2GeneralProceduresofExportandImportTransaction2024-1-712ProceduresofExportandImportTransactionWhatisExporting?ProceduresofExportWhatisImporting?PartiesinvolvedinExportandImportTransactionSpecialistsinvolvedinExportandImportTransactionBasicDocumentsneededinExportandImportTransaction2024-1-713WhatIsExporting?Exportingisanorderly,methodicalandasomewhattechnicalprocessofadaptingChineseproductsandexportingmethodstoconditionsincountriesoutsideChina.2024-1-714ProceduresofExportPreparationforexportingMakingmarketresearch→marketingandPromotion→CreditInformationBusinessNegotiationEnquiry→Offer→Acceptance→ContractPerformanceofContractRemindingofL/C:examinationandamendmentofL/C→insuranceGoodspreparation:checkingnameofcommodity,specification,quantity,packingandmarking→inspectionChartering,spacebooking→wharf→customsformalities→BillofLading→DocumentspreparationforbanknegotiationSettlementofDisputes(ifany)2024-1-715MarketingandPromotionThemarketingconcept:Wemustproducewhatpeoplewant,notwhatwewanttoproduce.Thismeansthatweputthecustomerfirst.Weorganizethecompanysothatthishappens.Wemustfindoutwhatthecustomerwants.Wecarryoutmarketresearch.Wemustsupplyexactlywhatthecustomerwant.WecandothisbyofferingtherightmarketingmixthefourPs:therightproduct;therightprice;availablethroughtherightchannelsofdistribution:place;presentedintherightway:promotion2024-1-716WhatisImporting?Importingisreferredtothepurchaseactivitiesofforeignproductsproducedintheworldmarketorthoseservicesprovidedbyforeigncompanies.2024-1-717Proceduresofimporttransactiontoconductmarketinvestigationtoformulateimportplanforacertaincommoditytosendinquiriestotheprospectivesellersoverseastocompareandanalyzetheoffersorquotationsreceivedtomakecounter-offersanddecideonwhichofferismostbeneficialtosignapurchasecontracttoapplytoabankforopeningaletterofcredittobookshippingspaceorcharteracarryingvesselfortakingoverthecargoes,ifthecontractisintermsofFOBtoeffectinsurancewiththeinsurancecompanyuponreceiptofshippingadvicetoapplyforinspectionifnecessarytoattendtocustomsformalitiestoclearthegoodsthroughthecustomstoentrustforwardingagentswithallthetransportarrangementsfromtheporttotheenduser’swarehousetosettledisputes(ifany)2024-1-718Partiesinvolvedinexportandimporttransactiontheexporterstheshippingagentsattheportorairportofloadingtherailway(insomecases)intheexporter’scountrytheroadhauler(insomecases)intheexporter’scountrytheportauthoritytheshippingcompany(forseafreight)theairline(forairfreight)theinsurancecompanyorbrokerstheexporter’sbanktheimporter’sbanktherailways(insomecases)intheimporter’scountrytheroadhauler(insomecases)intheimporter’scountrytheshippingagentattheportorairportofdischargetheimporters2024-1-719SpecialistsinvolvedinexportandimporttransactionAshippingagentand/orforeignforwarder(forwardingagent)willtakeresponsibilityforthedocumentationandarrangeforthegoodstobeshippedbyair,sea,railorroad.Theseservicesmaybecarriedoutbythesupplier’sownexportdepartment,iftheyhavetheexpertise.Airline,shippinglines,railwaycompaniesorhaulagecontractorswillactualtransportthegoods.Boththeimporter’sandexporter’sbankswillbeinvolvedinarrangingpaymentsifaletterofcreditofbillofexchangeisused.CustomsandExciseofficersmayneedtoexaminethegoods,checkimportorexportlicensesandchargedutyand/orVAT.Achamberofcommercemayneedtoissueacertificateoforigin,ifthisisrequiredbytheimporter’scountry.Aninsurancecompanyinsuresgoodsintransit.Alawyerifaspecialcontracthastobedrawnup.2024-1-720BasicdocumentsneededinexportandimporttransactionBillofLadingCommercialInvoiceProformaInvoiceConsularInvoicePackingListWeightMemoCertificateofInspectionCertificateofOriginInsurancePolicy(Certificate)SalesContractSalesConfirmation2024-1-721BusinessNegotiationMarketresearchEnquiryOfferandcounter-offerAcceptanceInvestigationofcredit-worthinessofcustomersImplementationofcontractSettlementofdisputes2024-1-722ImplementationofcontractPreparinggoodsforshipmentExaminationandamendmentofL/CCharteringandbookingshippingspaceCustomsformalitiesInsuringgoodsBanknegotiationChapter3PricetermsWhatistradeterms?Inordertoavoid,oratleastreducetoaconsiderabledegree,theuncertaintiesofdifferentinterpretationsofsuchtermsindifferentcountries,theInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)firstpublishedasetofinternationalrulesfortheinterpretationofthemostcommonlyusedtradetermsinforeigntrade.Theseruleswereknownas“Incoterms1936”.Amendmentsandadditionswerelatermadein1953,1967,1976,1980,1990andpresently2000inordertobringtherulesinlinewithcurrentinternationaltradepractices.ComponentsoftradetermsThepricetermsofasalecontractincludeunitpriceandtotalprice.Thepriceofacommodityusuallyreferstotheunitprice.Theunitpriceconsistsoftypeofcurrency,priceperunit,measurementunitandtradeterms.Forexample:US$100perdozenFOBNewYorkClassificationsoftradetermsthe“E”termsEx-worksthe“F”termsFCA,FASandFOBthe“C”termsCFR,CIF,CPTandCIPthe“D”termsDAF,DES,DEQ,DDUandDDPSixmaintradetermsinIncotermsFOBCFRCIFFCACPTCIPFOB:FreeonBoard裝運港船上交貨FOBmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverwhenthegoodshavepassedovertheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment.Theseller’sobligationProvidethegoodsandcommercialinvoice.Obtaintheexportlicenseorotherofficialauthorizationandcarryoutallcustomsformalities.Deliverthegoodsonboardthevesselnamedbythebuyeratthenamedportofshipmentwithinthestipulatedtime.Bearallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsuntilsuchtimeastheyhavepassedtheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment.Providethebuyerwiththeusualdocument.Givethebuyertheshippingadvice.Providenecessaryinformationaboutinsuranceatthebuyer’srequest.TheobligationthebuyerPaythepriceasprovidedinthecontractofsale.Obtaintheimportlicenseorotherofficialauthorization.Carryoutallcustomsformalities.Contractathisownexpenseforthecarriagefromthenamedportofshipment.Bearallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthetimetheyhavepassedtheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment.Payallcostsrelatingtothegoodsfromthetimetheyhavepassedtheship’srailatthenamedportofshipment.Givethesellersufficientnoticeofthevesselname,loadingpointandrequireddeliverytime.WhenadoptingoftheFOBterms,weshallpayattentiontothefollowingpoints:Deliveryofthegoodsonboardthevessel.Link-upofvesselandgoods.Expenseforloadingthegoodsonboardthevessel.ThevariationsofFOBFOBLinerTermsFOBUnderTackleFOBstowed(FOBS)FOBTrimmed(FOBT)FOBStowedandTrimmed(FOBST)CFR:CostandFreight成本加運費至……CFRmeansthatthesellerisresponsibleforcharteringalinerandloadingthegoodsonthelineratthestipulatedtimeinthecontract.Theseller’sobligationBooktheshippingspace,deliverthegoodsonboardthevesselattheportofshipmentwithinthestipulatedtime.Givethebuyertheshippingadviceatonceaftershipment.Bearallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsuntilsuchtimeastheyhavepassedtheship’srailattheportofshipment.Clearthegoodsforexportandprovideexportlicenseorotherofficialauthorizationforexportationofthegoods.Thebuyer’sobligationBearallrisksordamagetothegoodsfromthetimetheypassedtheship’srailattheportofshipment.Arrangeforinsuranceandpaythepremium.AcceptthedocumentswhentenderedbythesellerAcceptdeliveryofthegoodswhentheyhavebeendeliveredatthenamedportofdestinationandbearallchargesaswellasthecostofcarryingoutthecustomsformalities.CIF:cost,insuranceandfreight成本、保險費加運費至……CIFmeansthatthesellerhastheobligationstoproducemarineinsuranceagainsttherisksoflossesof,ordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.CIF=CFR+risksandchargeforinsuranceTheseller’sobligationBooktheshippingspace,deliveringthegoodsonboardthevesselattheportofshipmentonthedateorwithintheperiodstipulatedandnotifythebuyer.Bearallriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsuntilsuchtimeastheyhavepassedtheship’srailattheportofshipment.Arrangeforaninsuranceandpaythecostsofthefreightandinsurance.Clearthegoodsforexportandprovideexportlicenseorotherofficialauthorizationfortheexportationofthegoods.Providethebuyerwithrelativedocumentsincludingtheinsurancepolicy.Thebuyer’sobligationBearallrisksofordamagetothegoodsfromthetimetheyhavepassedtheship’srailattheportofshipment.Acceptthedocumentswhentenderedbytheseller,iftheyareinconformitywiththecontractofsale,andpaythepriceasprovidedinthecontract.Payallduties,taxesandotherofficialchargesasthecostsofcarryingoutthecustomsformalitiespayableuponimportationofthegoodsand,wherenecessary,fortheirtransitthroughanothercountry.CIFEx-ship’sHold船底交貨價

Itstatesthattheimporterpaysfortheunloadingcharges.VariationsofCIFtermsCIFLinerTermsCIF班輪條件

Itdenotesthattheloadingandunloadingchargesaremetbytheshippingcompanyorspecificallytheexporter.CIFLandedCIF著陸費在內價

Itmeansthattheunloadingcosts,includinglighterageandwharfagearebornebytheexporter.DocumenttransactionTheCIFcontractisaspecialtypeofcontract.Itscharacteristicsarethatthesellerfulfilshisdutyofdeliveryofthegoodsagainstdocuments/sub-contract,andthebuyerpaysagainstdocumentsaswell.Aslongasthesellerpresentsafullsetofdocuments(B/L,insurancepolicy,commercialinvoice,etc.)inconformitywiththecontract,thebuyershallfulfillthedutyofpayment.Evenifthegoodsdeliveredarelostordamaged,thebuyerisnotentitledtorejectpayment.SotheCIFcontractisatypical“documenttransaction”or“symbolicdelivery”.FCA:FreeCarrierat貨交承運人FreeCarriermeansthatthesellerdeliversthegoods,clearedforexport,tothecarriernominatedbythebuyeratthestipulatedplace.Itshouldbenotedthatthechosenplaceofdeliveryhasanimpactontheobligationsofloadingandunloadingthegoodsatthatplace.Ifdeliveryoccursattheseller’spremises,thesellerisresponsibleforloading.Ifdeliveryoccursatanyotherplace,thesellerisnotresponsibleforunloading.About“carrier”Carriermeansanypersonwho,inacontractofcarriage,undertakestoperformortoprocuretheperformanceoftransportbyrail,road,air,sea,inlandwaterwayorbyacombinedofsuchmodes.Ifthebuyernominatesapersonotherthanacarriertoreceivethegoods,thesellerisdeemedtofulfilledhisobligationtodeliverthegoodswhentheyaredeliveredtothatperson.CPT:Carriagepaidto運費付至CPTmeansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodstothecarriernominatedbyhimbutthesellerinadditionpaythecostofcarriagenecessarytobringthegoodstothenameddestination.Thismeansthatthebuyerbearsallrisksandanyothercostsoccurringafterthegoodshavebeensodelivered.CIP:CarriageandInsurancePaidto運費和保險費付至CIPmeansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodstothecarriernominatedbyhimbutthesellermustinadditionpaythecostofcarriagenecessarytobringthegoodstothenameddestination.Thismeansthatthebuyerbearsallrisksandanyadditionalcostsoccurringafterthegoodshavebeensodelivered.However,inCIPtheselleralsohastoprocureinsuranceagainstthebuyer’sriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.Consequently,thesellercontractsforinsuranceandpaysthepremium.Othertradeterms其他貿易術語EXWFASDAFDESDEQDDUDDPEXW：ExWorks工廠交貨EXWmeansthattheseller’sonlyresponsibilityistomakethegoodsavailableathispremisesduringthecontractedtimeandbearthechargesandrisksbeforethegoodsaredeliveredtothebuyer.Thesellerisnotresponsibleforloadingthegoodsontothevehicleprovidedbythebuyer,unlessotherwiseagreed.Thebuyerbearsthefullcostandrisksinvolvedincarryingthegoodsfromtheretothedesireddestination.EXWtherepresentstheminimumobligationsundertakenbytheseller.TheadvantagesforthebuyerinEXWThebuyercanGetthecargoesatalowestpriceFreightandinsurancechargescanbepaidwithnativecurrency,sotheforeignexchangecanbesaved.Gainbetterservicefromtheshippingorinsuranceagentintheexportcountry.FAS:FreeAlongsideShip啟運港船邊交貨UnderFAStermstheseller’sobligationsarefulfilledwhenthegoodshavebeenplacedalongsidethevesselonthequayorinlighters.Thismeansthatthebuyerhastobearallcostandrisksof,lossesof,ordamagetothegoodsfromthatmoment.FAS=EXW+Allrisksandexpensesbeforethegoodstobeplacedalongsidethevesselonthequay.Thistermisusedforwaterwaytransportandwhenadoptingthisterm,thenameoftheportofshipmentshouldbestatedclearlyafterFAS.Thistermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport.Thistermcanonlybeusedforseaandinlandwaterwaytransport.Payattentionhere.InthepreviousINCOTERMS,underthisterm,thebuyerisresponsiblyforclearingthegoodsforexport,whichhasbeenreversed.DAF:DeliveredAtFrontier邊境交貨DAFmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationstodeliverwhenthegoodshavebeenmadeavailable,clearedforexport,atthenamedplaceatthefrontier,butbeforethecustomsborderofthecountrynamedinthesalescontract.DAFtermsareprimarilyintendedtobeusedwhenthegoodsaretobecarriedbyrailorroadbutitmaybeusedirrespectiveofthemodeoftransport.DAF=EXW+risksandexpensesbeforethegoodstobesenttothefrontier+risksandexpensesforexportcustomsclearance.DES:DeliveredExShip目的港船上交貨DESmeansthatthesellershallmakethegoodsavailabletothebuyeronboardtheshipatthedestinationnamedinthesalescontract.Thesellerhastobearthefullcostsandrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodsthere.DES=CIF+risksfromthegoodsovertheship’srailtotheboardoftheshipatthedestinationDEQ:DeliveredExQuay目的港碼頭交貨DEQmeansthatthesellershallmakethegoodsavailabletothebuyeronthequayatthedestinationnamedinthesalescontract.Thesellerhastobearthefullcostsandrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodsthere.DEQ=DES+risksandexpensesofdischargingDDU:DeliveredDutyUnpaid未完稅交貨DDUmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverthegoodsatthenamedplaceintheimportcountry.Thesellerhastobearallthecostsandrisksinvolvedinbringingthegoodsthere.Ifthepartieswishtoincludeintheseller’sobligationssomeofthecostspayableuponimportationofthegoods,suchasvalueaddedtax(VAT),thisshouldbemadeclearbyaddingwordstothiseffect:“Delivereddutyunpaid,VATpaid(namedplaceofdestination).DDU=DES+risksandexpensesofunloadingandsendingthegoodstoplaceofdestinationDDP:DeliveredDutyPaid完稅後交貨DDPmeansthatthesellerfulfilshisobligationtodeliverthegoodsatthenamedplaceintheimportcountry.Thesellerhastobearallthecostsandrisksincludingduties,taxesandotherofficialchargesfordeliveringthegoodsthereto,clearingforimportation.TheEXWtermsrepresenttheminimumobligationbornebytheseller,whileDDPtermsrepresentthemaximumobligation.DDPshouldnotbeusedifthesellerinunabledirectlyorindirectlytheimportlicense.Ifthepartieswishthebuyertoclearthegoodsforimportationandtopaytheduties,thetermsDDUshouldused.DDP=DDU+risksandexpensesofimportcustomsdeclarationChapterFourInternationalPaymentThebasicmethodsofpaymentininternationaltradePaymentinadvanceOpenaccountDocumentsagainstpaymentOpenaccountNetmonthlyaccountOpenaccount,90daysfromarrivalofthegoodsOpenaccount,90daysfrominvoicedateOpenaccount,cashwithin30days,1%discountDocumentsagainstpaymentD/PatsightD/PaftersightD/PafterdateexporterRemittingbank(exporter’sbank)importerCollectingbank(importer’sbank)(1)Signcontract

(2)application/draftatsight(3)mandate,draft,asetofdocuments(4)PresentationforpaymentProcedureofD/Patsight(5)Paymentagainsttransferofshippingdocuments(6)transfer(7)paymentBillsofExchangeDefinitionofBillofExchangeAbillofexchange,alsocalleddraft,isdefinedas“anunconditionalorderinwriting,addressedbyonepersontoanother,signedbythepersongivingit,requiringthepersontowhomitisaddressedtopayondemand,oratafixedordeterminablefuturetime,asumcertaininmoney,toortotheorderofaspecifiedperson,ortobear”.TheoperationprocessofdraftTodrawPresentationAcceptancePaymentEndorsementDishonorrecourseTodraw出票Todrawistofillupbythedrawertheparticularsinabillofexchangethedateofdrawing,thenameofthedrawee,thetimeandamountofthepayment,etc.ThedraftissignedbythedrawerandthensenttothepayeeTherearethreekindsofwaystofillupthepayee:＊restrictivepayee,suchaspay…Co.only,pay…Co.nottransferable.＊Toorder,suchaspay…Co.orOrderorPaytotheorderof…Co.Thistyperequiresendorsementwhentransferable.＊Tobear,suchaspaybearer.Thistyperequiresnoendorsement.Presentation提示Theactoftakingthebilltothedraweeanddemandingthathemakethepaymentoracceptthebillisknownaspresentation.Forasightbill,paymentshouldbemadeatthesametimewhenthepresentationismade,andforatilebill,thedraweeisrequiredtoacceptthebillwhenthebillispresentedtohim.Acceptance承兌Theformalactwherebythedraweeadoptsthebillashisownobligationisknownasacceptance.Acceptanceisthewrittensignificationbythedraweeofhisassenttotheorderofthedrawer.Thisisaccomplishedintheregularmannerbywritingtheword“Acceptance”,withthedateandthesignatureofthedrawee,acrossthefaceofthebill.Whenthebillisacceptedbythedrawee,heisthenknownasanacceptor.Payment付款Underasightbill,thedraweeisrequiredtomakethepaymentwhenthebillispresentedtohimwhileforatimebill,thedraweeisrequiredtoacceptthebillwhenthebillispresentedtohimandmakethepaymentatthematurityofthebill.Whenpaid,thebillisretainedbythepayerwhilethereceiptismadeandsignedbytheholderofthebill.Endorsement背書Thebillofexchangeisnegotiableandtransferableasthepayeeonmostbillisto“totheorderof…”.Negotiationandtransferiseffectedwithendorsement.Ifthepayeeonthebillisto“tothebearer”,thennegotiationandtransferisdonewithmeredeliveryofthebill.Endorsementisdonewhenthepayeehassignedhisnameonthebackofthebillwithorwithoutadditionalwordsconveyinginstructionsorqualifyingliability.Therearethreemainendorsements,namelyspecial,blankandrestrictive.RestrictiveendorsementTheendorsermaywriteclearlyontheupperpartofthesignatureonthebackofthebilltheendorseewithrestrictiveconditions.Arestrictiveendorsementisonewhichlimitsthebillforfurthernegotiation,suchas“Pay…only”or“Pay…non-transfer”.Oncethebillisrestrictivelyendorsed,itcannotbetransferredanymore.BlankendorsementAblankendorsement,orendorsementinblank,isonewhichspecifiesnopayee.Theeffectofablankendorsementistomakethebillpayabletobearerandtomakedeliveryandwithoutadditionalendorsement.Thebearerorholderofabillsoendorsedmaysometimesrequired,however,toplacehisendorsementuponitatthetimeofmakingafurthernegotiation.TheroleofdraftinforeigntradeTobeausefulmeansofsettlementToprovidewrittenevidenceofadebtwhichcanbeusedonacourtoflawToenabletheexportertoobtainimmediatepayment,bypresentationifitisasightbill,orbynegotiationifitisatimebillToenabletheimportertodelaypaymentuntilthematurityofthebillClassificationofbillofexchangeCleanBillandDocumentaryBillSightbill(orDemand/Tenor)andTimeBill(orUsance/Term)BankBillandTradeBillSometerminologiesDrawee:thepersontowhomtheorderisaddressedandwhoistopaythemoney.Heisusuallytheimporterortheappointedbankunderaletterofcreditinimportandexporttrade.Inaddition,whenatimebillhasbeenacceptedbythedrawee,hebecomesanacceptorwhoisthesamepersonasthedrawee.Thedrawerandacceptormustbedifferentpersons.Payee:theperson(individual,firm,corporation,orbank)towhomthepaymentisorderedtobemade.

Thedrawerandpayeemaybeoftenthesameperson.Inthiscase,thebillmaybeworded“Paytoourorder…”.

Thepayeeisusuallybeexporterhimselforhisappointedbankinimportandexporttrade.AcceptanceofdraftItmeansthatthedraweewritestheword“Accepted”andsignshisnamewithdateonthefaceofthedraft,thenstrokestwostraightlinesaboveandunder.sightThedraweeseesthedraftwhenitispresented.Totender(orsurrender)theshippingdocumentsThecollectingbankortheholderoftheshippingdocumentshandsoverthemtothedrawee.TohonorthedraftonpresentationAlsocalled“toretiretheshippingdocuments”.Thedraweemakespaymentwhenthedraftcomesdue,thenhegetstheshippingdocuments.Torefusepayment,ortodishonorThedraweerefusestodischargeadraftwhenitfallsdueforpayment.匯票：DrawnUnderL/CNO.DatePayablewithinterest@%perannumExchangeforAtSightofthisfirstofexchangePaytotheorderof

ThesumofTo

Shanghai,ChinaBillofexchangeNO.匯票樣本collectionCollectionmeansthehandlingbybanks,oninstructionsreceived,ofdocuments(financialdocumentsand/orcommercialdocuments),inorderto:a.obtainacceptanceand/or,asthecasemaybe,payment,orb.delivercommercialdocumentsagainstacceptanceand/or,asthecasemybeagainstpayment,orc.deliverdocumentsonothertermsandconditions.TwotypesofcollectionCleancollectionDocumentarycollectionDocumentarycollectionfallsintotwokinds:documentsagainstpayment(D/P)documentsagainstacceptance(D/A)委託人（出口人）托收行（出口地銀行）付款人（進口人）代收行（進口地銀行）（1）訂合同

（2）申請書、即期跟單匯票（3）委託書、匯票、全套單據（4）提示付款即期付款交單流程簡圖（5）付款交單（6）轉賬（7）貨款委託人（出口人）托收行（出口地銀行）付款人（進口人）代收行（進口地銀行）（1）訂合同

（2）申請書、遠期跟單匯票（3）委託書、匯票、全套單據（4）提示承兌承兌交單流程簡圖（5）承兌交單（7）轉賬（8）貨款（6）提示付款DocumentarycreditDefinitionofL/C:seePage63inthetext.TherelativepartiestoL/C:*theopener(buyer,applicant)*theissuingbank(theopeningbank,establishingbank)*theadvisingbank(notifyingbank)*thedrawer(seller,exporter)*thedrawee(buyer,importer)*thenegotiatingbank*thereimbursingbank*thebeneficiary(三)收付程式:開證人(進口人)受益人(出口人)付款行開證行(1)(2)通知行議付行(4)(5)(3)(6)(7)訂立合同3.開證2.申請開證4.通知5.交貨取單、議付6.索償、償付7.付款贖單即期不可撤銷跟單議付信用證程式圖跳一頁TypesofL/CDocumentaryL/CandCleanL/CSightL/CandTimeorUsanceL/CIrrevocableL/CandRevocableL/CConfirmedL/CandUnconfirmedL/CTransferableL/CandDivisibleL/CRevolvingL/CBacktobackL/CRedclauseL/CStandbyL/CL/Cspecimen：40A:formofdocumentarycreditIRREVOCABLE:20:documentarycreditnumber764351:31C:dateofissue12THAUG.2005:31D:dateofexpiry30THSEP.2005PlaceofexpiryCHINA:51A:applicantbankHONGKONGANDSHANGHAIBANKCORP:50:applicantKINGHOMETRADECO.,LTD23567DOMINGGORD.COWCITYCAUSATEL:467897623:59:beneficiarySHANGHAIDACHANGHANGCO.,LTD18/FINGMAOBUILINGNO.88XUJIAHURDSHANGHAITEL862188821903:32B:currencycode,amountUSD6200.00:41D:available.With…by…ANYBANKFORNEGOTIATION:42C:drafts…at…SIGHT:43P:partialshipmentallowed:43T:transshipmentallowed:44:loadingonboardSHANGH:44B:fortransportationto…ROTTERDAM:44C:latestdateonshipment20TH.SEP.2005:45A:descriptionofgoodsand/orservicesGLASSCANDLEHDLADERITEMNO.025100PCSPackedIN8CTNS:46A:documentsrequired●INTHREEFOLDUNLESSOTHERWSESPECIED:●SIGNEDCOMERCIALINVOICE3FOLD●INSURANCEPOLICYORCERTIFICATE,ENDORSEDINBLANK,COVERINGALLRISKSANDWARRISK●FULLSETCLEAN