高温铂电阻温度计工作基准装置

JJG985—20041高温铂电阻温度计工作基准装置检定规程1范围0℃~961.78℃范围的首次检定和后续检定。2概述高温铂电阻温度计是根据金属铂丝的电阻随温度变化而变化的特性来测量温度的一种仪器。高温铂电阻温度计工作基准装置应包括工作基准高温铂电阻温度计及定义固定点装置。定义固定点装置包括银凝固点、铝凝固点、锌凝固点、锡凝固点以及水三相点装高温铂电阻温度计工作基准装置用于检定一等标准高温铂电阻温度计。2.1温度值的定义及内插方法1990年国际温标(ITS—90)规定在0℃~961.78℃温区内的温度值由在一组规定的定义固定点分度的高温铂电阻温度计确定,定义固定点包括银凝固点、铝凝固点、锌凝固点、锡凝固点以及水三相点,并使用规定的参考函数和偏差函数内插计算定义固定点间的温度值。温度值由下式确定。式中W(t)—高温铂电阻温度计在温度式中W(t)—高温铂电阻温度计在温度t的电阻值与水三相点温度(0.01℃)的电阻值的比值。0℃~961.78℃温区的参考函数定义为Wr(t)=C0+Ci[(t-481)/481]i下式给出了式(2)的逆函数,它在0.13mK之内与式(2)相一致。t=D0+Di[(Wr(t)-2.64)/1.64]i(2)(3)式中t温度值,℃;Wr(t)—参考函数,在0℃~961.78℃温区内的参考函数Wr(t)的数值表见附录A;C0,D0,Ci,Di———常数,在附录B列出。0℃~961.78℃温区的偏差函数为+c6[W(t)-1]3+d[W(t)-W(660.323℃)]2(4)ΔW(t)=W(t)-+c6[W(t)-1]3+d[W(t)-W(660.323℃)]2(4)式中a6,b6,c6,d—系数。在铝凝固点温度以下,d=0;系数a6,b6,c6是由JJG985—20042高温铂电阻温度计在水三相点、锡凝固点、锌凝固点和铝凝固点温度的测量值与对应的参考函数的偏差求得;从铝凝固点温度至银凝固点温度,系数d可以通过已求得的a6,b6,c6与温度计在银凝固点温度的测量值与对应的参考函数的偏差求得。2.2符号说明Rtp—高温铂电阻温度计在水三相点(0.01℃)的电阻值;WGa—高温铂电阻温度计在镓熔点(29.7646℃)的电阻值RGa与Rtp的比值;WSn—高温铂电阻温度计在锡凝固点(231.928℃)的电阻值RSn与Rtp的比值;WZn—高温铂电阻温度计在锌凝固点(419.527℃)的电阻值RZn与Rtp的比值;WAl—高温铂电阻温度计在铝凝固点(660.323℃)的电阻值RAl与Rtp的比值;WAg—高温铂电阻温度计在银凝固点(961.78℃)的电阻值RAg与Rtp的比值。3计量性能要求高温铂电阻温度计工作基准装置(以下简称温度工作基准装置)应包括工作基准高温铂电阻温度计三支及定义固定点装置。3.1工作基准高温铂电阻温度计(以下简称温度计)3.1.1电阻特性温度计在水三相点温度(0.01℃)时的名义电阻值Rtp通常为2.5Ω和0.25Ω,Rtp分别满足2.5Ω±0.3Ω和0.25Ω±0.03Ω的要求,其他名义值的温度计可参照执行。温度计还必须满足下列两个要求。WGa≥1.11807(5)WAg≥4.2844(6)3.1.2稳定性3.1.2.1首次检定温度计的稳定性要求首次检定的温度计,应先在700℃退火4h后测量Rtp及WAg;然后,进行1010℃退火100h后再测量Rtp及WAg。退火前后测量值之差的绝对值换算为温度差值,应不超过表1规定的数值,然后进行固定点分度。表1首次检定温度计的稳定性要求mK项目首次检定温度计的稳定性要求Rtp3.0WAg8.03.1.2.2温度计在各固定点分度多次及相邻周期检定结果的稳定性要求温度计在700℃温度退火4h后,在各个固定点温度连续测量两次,两次测量结果之差的绝对值换算为温度差值应不超过表2规定的数值;在检定过程中多次测量的Rtp之间的最大差值的绝对值,换算为温度差值应不超过表2规定的数值。温度计在各个固定点的检定结果与上一周期的检定结果之差的绝对值,换算为温度JJG985—20043差值应不超过表2规定的数值。表2后续检定温度计的稳定性要求mK项目各固定点分度多次的差值两相邻周期检定结果的差值Rtp2.04.0WSn1.23.5WZn1.54.5WAl2.09.0WAg4.512.03.1.3热电性能3.1.3.1自热效应。Rtp名义值为0.25Ω的温度计测量时要通过10mA电流,Rtp名义值为2.5Ω的温度计测量时可通过3mA电流。在水三相点温度测量的自热效应换算成温度值应不超过2.0mK。3.1.3.2热电势。温度计在银凝固点时任意两引线间的热电势应不超过0.6μV。3.1.3.3绝缘电阻。温度计在环境温度下手柄的金属外壳和引线之间的电阻不应小于3.2工作基准装置中定义固定点定义固定点装置应包括水三相点容器及保温装置、锡凝固点装置、锌凝固点装置、铝凝固点装置和银凝固点装置。3.2.1金属凝固点装置包括固定点容器和定点炉。在首次使用以及修理后使用时,需对其垂直温场讲行检查。垂直温场应在比凝固点温度高1.5℃~3℃时的稳定状态下测量。从固定点容器中心管底部起180mm范围内的最大温差应不超过表3规定的数值。表3定点炉最大温差℃定点炉银铝锌锡最大温差0.70.70.50.53.2.2固定点凝固温坪的温度变化应按检定周期对各固定点装置的凝固温坪的温度变化进行检查。在温坪开始到结束的过程中始终用一支温度计测量,记录凝固温坪曲线。当温度计的测量值的变化小于(或大于)0.5mK/10min时可视为温坪开始(或结束),整个温坪的15%~85%的温度变化值应不超过表4规定的数值。3.2.3固定点装置的复现性整套检定装置应在各个固定点进行复现性试验。用在不同温坪的不少于6次复现结果的标准偏差按式(7)计算,其值换算成温度值应不超过表5的规定。式中x—单次检查结果;s(式中x—单次检查结果;JJG985—20044 x—多次检查结果的平均值;n—检查次数。mK表4凝固点温坪曲线的温度变化要求mK检定点凝固点温坪曲线的温度变化锡凝固点1.0锌凝固点1.0铝凝固点1.5银凝固点1.5表5固定点的复现性要求mK固定点固定点的复现性检查要求水三相点0.3锡凝固点0.6锌凝固点0.8铝凝固点2.5银凝固点4.53.2.4固定点装置所复现固定点温度的检查工作基准装置所复现的凝固点温度应按温度计的检定周期进行检查,也可进行比对。温度计在配套固定点的复现值与其检定结果的差值换算为温度差值应不超过表6所规定的数值。表6温度计在配套固定点的复现值与其检定结果的差值要求mK项目温度计在配套固定点的复现值与其检定结果的差值Rtp3.0WSn2.5WZn3.5WAl7.0WAg174通用技术要求4.1外观尺寸4.1.1温度计应标有制造厂的铭牌标志、出厂编号及标志。温度计感温元件的支撑骨架应完整无裂痕,保护管内不应有任何碎片,各部件应完好且装配牢固。JJG985—200454.1.2温度计保护管的长度为660mm±20mm,外径应为ϕ7mm±0.5mm,感温元件上部的保护管外壁需进行喷沙处理。感温元件应位于保护管感温端起60mm范围内。4.2结构4.2.1温度计感温元件应采用无应力结构,温度变化时感温铂丝应能自由的膨胀和收4.2.2温度计为四端电阻器,即从感温元件两端各引出两根引线,外引线末端应焊接接线片。4.2.3温度计的保护管应密封,管内应充含有氧气的干燥气体。保护管不得有破损、划痕及析晶。5计量器具控制计量器具控制包括对温度计的首次检定和后续检定以及定义固定点装置的复现值检查。5.1检定条件5.1.1环境条件环境温度(20±5)℃,相对湿度15%~80%。室内要有冷却水通道及接地电阻小于0.5Ω的地线。5.1.2计量基准检定工作基准高温铂电阻温度计的标准器为温度基准装置。温度基准装置包括定义固定点装置和基准铂电阻温度计三支。5.1.3配套设备5.1.3.1电阻测量仪器测量温度计的电测设备为测温电桥,测温电桥要求在引用修正值后测量电阻值的相对误差不大于8×10-7,如需配用标准电阻,其标准电阻的环境温度应满足准确度要求。允许使用技术指标不低于其要求的其他电测设备。5.1.3.2退火炉装置退火炉的使用范围为200℃~1050℃。炉温对名义设定点的偏离及波动应在±5℃以内。在放置感温元件处的60mm范围内,垂直温场的最大温差不应超过1℃。水平温场(孔差)应不超过0.5℃。5.1.3.3四端转换开关,热电势应不大于0.4μV。5.1.3.4可测量0.1μV的低电势直流电位差计或电压表。5.1.3.5500V的兆欧表。5.2检定项目及检定方法5.2.1检定项目一览表5.2.1.1工作基准高温铂电阻温度计检定项目见表7。5.2.1.2固定点装置的复现检查项目应用三支温度计复现工作基准装置的各个固定点,在温度计送检时应提交复现报告。复现报告内容见表8。JJG985—20046表7检定项目一览表检定项目首次检定后续检定备注外观检查++首次检定稳定性+-检定前退火++Rtp++WAg++WAl++WZn++WSn++自热效应++热电势+-未有明显漂移,后续检定可不做。绝缘电阻+-注:1.“+”表示应检定;“-”表示可不检定。2.温度计无相邻周期数据按首次检定要求进行检定。表8各个固定点复现报告内容检查项目复现报告应包含的内容数据有效位数Rtp+7位WAg+7位WAl+7位WZn+7位WSn+7位注:“+”表示应包含。5.2.2温度计检定方法5.2.2.1外观检查检查温度计的外观,应符合本规程4.1及4.2的规定。5.2.2.2绝缘电阻测量环境温度在15℃~30℃之间,相对湿度不应超过80%时,用兆欧表测量温度计手柄的金属外壳和引线之间的电阻,其值不应小于200MΩ。5.2.2.3温度计的清洗经外观检查合格的温度计,在银、铝凝固点检定前应用无水乙醇将温度计保护管擦洗干净,擦洗过的温度计不应用手或其他物品触及其保护管表面,以防止其在高温下析JJG985—200475.2.2.4首次检定温度计的稳定性检查首次检定的温度计必须先进行稳定性检查。在700℃退火4h后随炉温降至420℃以下,取出温度计测量Rtp和WAg;然后,在1010℃退火50h后随炉温降至420℃以下取出,测量Rtp;然后,再在1010℃退火50h,再次测量Rtp。温度计在1010℃进行100h退火前后的Rtp最大差值换算成温度差值应不超过表1规定的数值,如果超过表1规定的数值,则须再重复退火过程和测量Rtp,但总的退火时间应不超过350h。Rtp合格后再测量WAg,两次测量的WAg的差值的绝对值换算成温度差值应不超过表1规定的数值,然后温度计进行固定点分度。5.2.2.5温度计在各固定点分度多次及相邻周期检定结果的稳定性检查温度计检定顺序为首先在700℃退火4h(首次检定温度计不进行此项),然后依次测量Rtp、RAg、Rtp,RAg、Rtp、RAl、Rtp、RAl、Rtp、RZn、Rtp、RZn、Rtp、RSn、Rtp、RSn、Rtp。每支温度计在银、铝、锌、锡固定点应在不同的温坪上各分度两次,并在各固定点分度时进行自热测量。5.2.2.6测量Rtp水三相点瓶冻制后应保持24h再使用,每次使用应保证冰套能自由转动,温度计应经过预冷后再插入水三相点瓶中。当温度计达到热平衡后开始测量,由在检定过程中数次测量经过修正(修正项及修正方法见5.4)的Rtp平均值作为检定结果。数次测量的Rtp之间的最大差值,换算为温度差值应不超过表2规定的数值。5.2.2.7自热效应的测量对于工作电流调节带有×挡的测温电桥先测量工作电流下的温度计的电阻值,再测量工作电流的倍时的电阻值,后者与前者之差ΔR经式(8)计算可得由工作电流引起的自热效应Δt应不超过2.0mK。Δt=(ΔR/Rtp)/(dW(t)/dt)(8)式中dW(t)/dt在温度t时的W值相对温度的变化率。为简化计算,可用参考函数的dWr(t)/dt代替。可采用其他方法测量自热效应。5.2.2.8热电势测量在银凝固点温度测量温度计的热电势,当温度计达到热平衡后,用可测量0.1μV低0.6μV。后续检定的温度计,如在测定WAg的过程中,未发现有明显的漂移现象,可不进行此项测量。5.2.2.9测量WAg、WAl测量WAg、WAl可采用如下方法。当固定点容器内的金属样品完全熔化后,将定点炉的温度控制并保持在比凝固点温度高1.5℃~3℃的范围内。用一支作监视的铂电阻JJG985—20048温度计插入固定点容器中观察其温度变化,若在10min内温度波动小于0.1℃,即可以0.10℃/min~0.15℃/min的速率降温,当监视铂电阻温度计的温度数值停止下降并开始回升时,立即取出温度计,插入一支常温的石英管诱导1min后取出。然后将用无水乙醇清洗好待分度的温度计插入固定点炉中,同时将固定点炉的炉温控制并保持在比凝固点温度低约1℃的温度上。温度计达到热平衡后,开始读数。首先读取温度计在规定测量电流时的数值,然后测量自热效应,再读取温度计在规定测量电流时的数值,两次数值的差值换算为温度差值应不大于0.4mK,则取其平衡值RAg、RAl经修正后(修正项及修正方法见5.4)作为温度计在银、铝凝固点温度的电阻值RAg、RAl。一次温坪可分度2支~3支温度计,但第2支和第3支被分度的温度计在插入银(或铝)凝固点炉前须在700℃(或650℃)进行预热。分度完后的温度计要马上插入700℃(或650℃)的退火炉中进行2h(或1.5h)的退火处理,退火后的温度计在退火炉中随炉温降到420℃以下方可取出。RAg、RAl测量完毕并进行退火后的温度计,应按5.2.2.6条的方法测量Rtp值。WAg、WAl由式(9)和式(10)计算得到。WAg=RAg/Rtp1(9) WAl=RAl/Rtp2(10)式中Rtp1—测量RAg前后两次的Rtp的平均值;Rtp2—测量RAl前后两次的Rtp的平均值。由不在同一次温坪上得出的两次WAg、WAl之间各自差值的绝对值换算为温度差值应不超过表2规定的数值,取其平均值作为最后检定结果。5.2.2.10测量WZn测量WZn可采用如下方法。当固定点容器内的金属锌完全熔化后,将定点炉的温度控制并保持在比凝固点温度高1.5℃~3℃的范围内。用一支作监视的铂电阻温度计插入固定点容器中观察其温度变化,若在10min内温度波动小于0.1℃,即可以0.10℃/min~0.15℃/min的速率降温,当监视铂电阻温度计的温度数值停止下降并开始回升时,立即取出温度计,插入一支常温的石英管诱导1min后取出。将待分度的温度计插入锌凝固点炉中,同时将固定点炉的炉温控制并保持在比凝固点温度低约1℃的温度上。温度计达到热平衡后,开始读数。首先读取温度计在规定测量电流时的数值,然后测量自热效应,再读取温度计在规定测量电流时的数值,两次数值的差值换算为温度差值应不大于0.3mK,则取其平衡值RZn经修正后(修正项及修正方法见5.2.3)作为在锌凝固点的电阻值RZn。RZn测量完毕后,应按5.2.2.6条的方法测量Rtp。WZn由式(11)计算得到。 WZn=RZn/Rtp3(11)式中Rtp3—测量RZn前后两次的Rtp的平均值。由不在同一次温坪得出的两次WZn之间差值的绝对值换算为温度差值应不超过表2规定的数值,取其平均值作为最后检定结果。5.2.2.11测量WSnJJG985—20049测量WSn可采用如下方法。当固定点容器内的金属锡完全熔化后,将定点炉的温度控制并保持在比凝固点温度高1.5℃~3℃的范围内。用一支作监视的铂电阻温度计插入固定点容器中观察其温度变化,若在10min内温度波动小于0.1℃,即可以0.10℃/min~0.15℃/min的速率降温,当监视的温度计其数值低于锡凝固点数值时,可取出温度计,将不锈钢棒插入容器,停留1.5min~2min后取出,再插入监视的铂电阻温度计并同时接通容器均热块的通气管,吹入惰性气体或干燥空气(压缩空气)使锡迅速冷却。如温度计电阻值已上升并接近凝固点温度数值时,取出温度计,将待分度的温度计插入锡凝固点炉中,同时快速将固定点炉的炉温控制并保持在比凝固点温度低约1℃的温度上。温度计达到热平衡后,开始读数。首先读取温度计在规定测量电流时的数值,然后测量自热效应,再读取温度计在规定测量电流时的数值,两次数值的差值换算为温度差值应不大于0.3mK,则取其平均值RSn经修正后(修正项及修正方法见5.2.3)作为在锡凝固点的电阻值RSn。RSn测量完毕后,应按5.2.2.6条的方法测量Rtp,WSn由式(12)计算得到(12) WSn=RSn/Rtp4(12) 式中Rtp4—测量RSn前后两次的Rtp的平均值。由不在同一次温坪得出的两次WSn之间差值的绝对值换算为温度差值应不超过表2规定的数值时,取其平均值作为最后检定结果。5.2.2.12WGa的确定WGa值可在温度计在各固定点分度完后通过内插计算得到,也可测量得到。5.2.2.13允许采用其他满足3.2要求的方法实现各凝固点温坪。仲裁检定必须按上述方法进行。5.2.2.14固定点装置的复现温度计送检前,在配套的固定点装置上用此三支温度计至少复现两次,取各点测量的平均值作为各自固定点的复现报告的结果。复现方法及数据处理可参照5.2.2及5.2.3款的内容进行。复现实验完成后,温度计应立即送检,温度计在配套固定点的复现值与其检定结果差值的绝对值换算成温度差值应不大于表6所规定的数值。5.2.3数据处理5.2.3.1铂电阻温度计在水三相点、各凝固点温度的电阻测量值应进行自热修正、静压修正、电桥所配标准电阻的温度修正,如果固定点容器在凝固点温度充入的氩气压力与标准大气压差值的绝对值小于2.0kPa,对凝固点温度的影响可忽略不计,可不作气压修正,否则需要进行气压修正。5.2.3.2Rtp、RAg、RAl、RZn、RSn的静压修正计算公式Rtp的静压修正计算公式RAg的静压修正计算公式Rtp=Rtp+Rtp×2.91×10-8cm-1×ltpRAg的静压修正计算公式RAg=RAg-Rtp×1.53×10-7cm-1×lAg(14)JJG985—200410式(13)~(17)中,式(13)~(17)中,l**为各固定点内样品液面至温度计感温元件的中部距离,单位为cm。5.2.3.3计算公式RAl的静压修正计算公式RAl=RAlRAl=RAl-Rtp×5.13×10-8cm-1×lAlRZn=RZn-Rtp×9.44×10-8cm-1×lZnRSn=RSn-Rtp×8.17×10-8cm-1×lSnRSn的静压修正计算公式(15)(16)(17)温度计在各凝固点温度的电阻值及水三相点的电阻值经以上各项修正后求出其各W值,然后按公式(4)计算并求出其系数a6、b6、c6、d。计算时先忽略系数d的项,a6、b6、c6由下式计算求得:a6={ΔWSn[(WZn-1)2(WAl-1)3-(WZn-1)3(WAl)2]+ΔWZn[(WSn-1)3(WAl-1)2-(WSn-1)2(WAl-1)3](18)+ΔWAl[(WSn-1)2(WZn-1)3-(WSn-1)3(WZn-1)3]}/DAb6={ΔWSn[(WZn-1)3(WAl-1)-(WZn-1)(WAl-1)3]+ΔWZn[(WSn-1)(WAl-1)3-(WSn-1)3(WAl-1)](19)+ΔWAl[(WSn-1)3(WZn-1)-(WSn-1)(WZn-1)3]}/DAc6={ΔWSn[(WZn-1)(WAl-1)2-(WZn-1)2(WAl-1)]+ΔWZn[(WSn-1)2(WAl-1)-(WSn-1)(WAl-1)2](20)+ΔWAl[(WSn-1)(WZn-1)2-(WSn-1)2(WZn-1)]}/DA其中DA=(WSn-1)(WZn-1)2(WAl-1)3+(WSn-1)2(WZn-1)3(WAl-1)+(WSn-1)3(WZn-1)(WAl-1)2-(WSn-1)(WZn-1)3(WAl-1)2-(WSn-1)2(WZn-1)(WAl-1)3-(WSn-1)3(WZn-1)2(WAl-1)其中系数d由式(18)~(20)求得的a6、b6、c6和银凝固点求得的ΔW(t)代入(4)式计算求出。WGa可通过a6、b6、c6(取d=0)代入(4)式中迭代计算求出。5.3检定结果的处理检定结果包括温度计检定及固定点装置检查两部分内容。5.3.1温度计证书5.3.1.1温度计结论经检定符合上述各项要求的温度计,发给检定证书。对于不符合要求的温度计,应出具检定结果通知书并写明不符合项。5.3.1.2数据检定证书上至少应给出Rtp、WGa、WSn、WZn、WAl、WAg,在水三相点测量的自热效应及系数a6、b6、c6、d。对首次检定的温度计除给出以上数据外,还应给出高温稳JJG985—200411定性试验前后的WAg及Rtp。在证书中应对其修正项作相关说明。5.3.1.3数据有效位数检定证书上给出的数据有效位数如下。Rtp单位为欧姆(Ω),Rtp、WGa、WSn、WZn、WAl、WAg给出7位有效数字,系数a6、b6、c6、d给到小数点后第8位,自热效应以mK为单位,给到小数点后第1位。5.3.2固定点装置证书5.3.2.1证书数据及有效位数证书上应给出三支温度计所复现的各固定点的值与检定结果差值的绝对值,以mK为单位,给到小数点后第1位。5.3.2.2证书结论参与固定点装置检查的三支温度计中至少两支的检定结果符合表2要求及该两支装置检查结果符合表5要求,则在证书上写明该装置可以作为工作基准作用。否则给出检定结果通知书,写明待检查原因,半年后再送检。5.4检定周期温度计检定及装置的检查周期一般不超过2年,如发现温度计在使用中Rtp的变化换算成温度差值超过4mK,应随时送检。JJG985—200412附录A(0~961.78)℃温区参考函数表t/℃WrdWr/dt×1000t/℃WrdWr/dt×100000.999960113.9885407251.099293513.958173411.003948043.9873208261.103251083.956963621.007934753.9861014271.107207433.955754231.011920243.9848825281.111162583.954545041.015904523.9836641291.115116523.953336351.019887573.9824461301.119069263.952127861.023869413.981228671.027850033.9800116311.123020783.950919681.031829433.9787949321.126971103.949711891.035807623.9775787331.130920203.9485042101.039784593.976363034351.134868101.138814803.94729703.9460900111.043760353.9751476361.142760283.9448834121.047734893.9739327371.146704573.9436770131.051708213.9727181381.150647643.9424710141.055680323.9715040391.154589513.9412652151.059651223.9702903401.158530173.9400597161.063620903.9690769171.067589373.9678640411.162469633.9388544181.071556633.9666514421.166407883.9376495191.075522683.9654392431.170344933.9364448201.079487513.964227344451.174280771.178215413.93524033.9340362211.083451133.9630158461.182148843.9328323221.087413543.9618047471.186081073.9316286231.091374743.9605939481.190012103.9304253241.095334733.9593835491.193941923.929222113表(续)t/℃WrdWr/dt×1000t/℃WrdWr/dt×1000501.197870543.928019377781.303489431.307384463.89562963.8944330511.201797963.9268166791.311278303.8932366521.205724183.9256142801.315170943.8920405531.209649193.9244121541.213573003.9232102811.319062383.8908446551.217495613.9220086821.322952633.8896488561.221417023.9208071831.326841683.8884533571.225337223.9196060841.330729533.8872580581.229256233.9184050851.334616193.8860629591.233174033.9172043861.338501663.8848680601.237090643.916003887881.342385931.346269013.88367333.8824788611.241006043.9148036891.350150893.8812845621.244920253.9136036901.354031573.8800904631.248833253.9124038641.252745053.9112042911.357911073.8788965651.256655663.9100048921.361789373.8777028661.260565063.9088057931.365666473.8765093671.264473273.9076068941.369542393.8753160681.268380283.9064081951.373417113.8741229691.272286083.9052096961.377290633.8729300701.276190703.904011497981.381162971.385034113.87173733.8705449711.280094113.9028133991.388904063.8693526721.283996323.90161551001.392772813.8681605731.287897343.9004179741.291797163.89922051011.396640383.8669686751.295695783.89802331021.400506753.8657769761.299593203.89682631031.404371933.864585514表(续)t/℃WrdWr/dt×1000t/℃WrdWr/dt×10001041.408235923.86339421311.512114043.83130631051.412098723.86220311321.515944763.83012081061.415960333.86101221331.519774283.82893541071.419820743.85982161341.523602633.82775021081.423679973.85863111351.527429793.82656531091.427538013.85744081361.531255763.82538061101.431394853.85625081371.535080553.82419601381.538904153.82301171111.435250513.85506091391.542726573.82182761121.439104973.85387121401.546547813.82064371131.442958253.85268181141.446810343.85149251411.550367863.81946001151.450661233.85030341421.554186733.81827651161.454510943.84911461431.558004413.81709331171.458359463.84792591441.561820913.81591021181.462206803.84673751451.565636233.81472741191.466052943.84554931461.569450373.81354481201.469897893.84436121471.573263323.81236231481.577075093.81118011211.473741663.84317341491.580885683.80999821221.477584243.84198571501.584695093.80881641231.481425633.84079831241.485265843.83961111511.588503313.80763481251.489104863.83842411521.592310363.80645351261.492942693.83723731531.596116223.80527231271.496779333.83605071541.599920903.80409141281.500614793.83486431551.603724403.80291071291.504449063.83367811561.607526723.80173021301.508282143.83249211571.611327863.80054991581.615127823.799369915表(续)t/℃WrdWr/dt×1000t/℃WrdWr/dt×10001591.618926603.79819001861.721048433.76641591601.622724203.79701041871881.724814261.728578913.76524213.76406851611.626520623.79583101891.732342393.76289521621.630315873.79465181901.736104703.76172201631.634109933.79347281641.637902813.79229401911.739865843.76054911651.641694523.79111551921.743625803.75937641661.645485043.78993711931.747384593.75820391671.649274393.78875901941.751142213.75703161681.653062563.78758111951.754898653.75585951691.656849553.78640341961.758653933.75468761701.660635373.78522591971981.762408031.766160963.75351603.75234451711.664420003.78404871991.769912723.75117331721.668203473.78287172001.773663313.75000231731.671985753.78169481741.675766853.78051822011.777412723.74883151751.679546783.77934182021.781160973.74766091761.683325543.77816572031.784908053.74649051771.687103123.77698972041.788653953.74532031781.690879523.77581402051.792398693.74415031791.694654743.77463852061.796142253.74298061801.698428803.77346322072081.799884651.803625873.74181103.74064161811.702201673.77228812091.807365933.73947251821.705973373.77111322101.811104823.73830361831.709743903.76993861841.713513253.76876412111.814842543.73713481851.717281433.76758992121.818579093.735966316表(续)t/℃WrdWr/dt×1000t/℃WrdWr/dt×10002131.822314473.73479802411.926431593.70216362141.826048683.73362982421.930133173.70100082151.829781733.73246192431.933833593.69983812161.833513613.73129422441.937532853.69867562171.837244323.73012672451.941230943.69751332181.840973863.72895932461.944927873.69635112191.844702243.72779222471.948623643.69518912201.848429453.72662532482491.952318251.956011703.69402733.69286562211.852155493.72545862501.959703983.69170412221.855880363.72429202231.859604073.72312572511.963395103.69054272241.863326613.72195952521.967085073.68938162251.867047993.72079362531.970773873.68822052261.870768203.71962782541.974461513.68705962271.874487253.71846222551.978147993.68589892281.878205133.71729692561.981833313.68473832291.881921843.71613172571.985517463.68357792301.885637393.71496672582591.989200461.992882303.68241763.68125752311.889351773.71380182601.996562983.68009752321.893064993.71263722331.896777053.71147282612.000242493.67893772341.900487943.71030852622.003920853.67777802351.904197673.70914442632.007598053.67661842361.907906233.70798052642.011274093.67545902371.911613633.70681682652.014948973.67429982381.915319863.70565322662.018622693.67314062391.919024933.70448992672.022295253.67198162401.922728843.70332672682.025966653.670822717表(续)t/℃WrdWr/dt×1000t/℃WrdWr/dt×10002692.029636903.66966402962.128295863.63841952702.033305983.66850542972982.131933702.135570393.63726363.63610772712.036973913.66734692992.139205923.63495192722.040640673.66618853002.142840293.63379622732.044306283.66503022742.047970733.66387213012.146473513.63264052752.051634033.66271413022.150105573.63148492762.055296163.66155623032.153736483.63032932772.058957143.66039843042.157366233.62917382782.062616963.65924083052.160994823.62801842792.066275623.65808323062.164622273.62686302802.069933133.65692583073082.168248552.171873683.62570763.62455232812.073589473.65576843092.175497663.62339702822.077244663.65461123102.179120473.62224182832.080898703.65345402842.084551573.65229703112.182742143.62108662852.088203293.65114013122.186362653.61993152862.091853853.64998323132.189982003.61877632872.095503263.64882653142.193600203.61762122882.099151503.64766983152.197217243.61646622892.102798603.64651323162.200833133.61531112902.106444533.64535683173182.204447872.208061453.61415613.61300112912.110089313.64420043192.211673873.61184612922.113732933.64304403202.215285143.61069122932.117375403.64188782942.121016713.64073163212.218895253.60953622952.124656863.63957563222.222504213.608381318表(续)t/℃WrdWr/dt×1000t/℃WrdWr/dt×10003232.226112013.60722633512.326661573.57488043242.229718663.60607143522.330235873.57372453252.233324163.60491653532.333809023.57256863262.236928503.60376153542.337381013.57141263272.240531683.60260663552.340951843.57025653282.244133713.60145173562.344521523.56910033292.247734583.60029673572.348090043.56794403302.251334303.59914183583592.351657412.355223623.56678773.56563123312.254932873.59798683602.358788673.56447473322.258530283.59683183332.262126533.59567683612.362352573.56331813342.265721633.59452183622.365915313.56216133352.269315573.59336673632.369476893.56100453362.272908363.59221163642.373037323.55984763372.276500003.59105653652.376596583.55869063382.280090483.58990143662.380154703.55753343392.283679803.58874623672.383711653.55637623402.287267973.58759103683692.387267452.390822093.55521883.55406133412.290854983.58643573702.394375573.55290383422.294440843.58528043432.298025543.58412513712.397927903.55174603442.301609093.58296973722.401479063.55058823452.305191483.58181433732.405029073.54943023462.308772723.58065883742.408577923.54827213472.312352803.57950323752.412125623.54711393482.315931723.57834763762.415672153.54595553492.319509493.57719193772.419217533.54479703502.323086113.57603623782.422761753.543638419表(续)t/℃WrdWr/dt×1000t/℃WrdWr/dt×10003792.426304803.54247964062.521528823.51112903802.429846703.54132074074082.525039362.528548753.50996523.50880113812.433387453.54016164092.532056973.50763683822.436927033.53900244102.535564023.50647243832.440465453.53784303842.444022713.53668354112.539069913.50530763853.447538823.53552384122.542574643.50414273862.451073763.53436394132.546078203.50297753872.454607553.53320394142.549580593.50181213882.458140173.53204374152.553081823.50064653892.461671633.53088344162.556581883.49948063902.465201943.52972284174182.560080782.563578513.49831453.49714823912.468731083.52856214192.567075083.49598163922.472259063.52740134202.570570483.49481483932.475785883.52624023942.479311543.52507904212.574064713.49364773952.482836043.52391754222.577557773.49248043962.486359383.52275594232.581049673.49131283972.489881553.52159414242.584540403.49014503982.493402563.52043214252.588029963.48897693992.496922413.51926994262.591518353.48780854002.500441103.51810764274282.595005572.598491633.48663993.48547114012.503958633.51694504292.601976523.48430194022.507474993.51578224302.605460233.48313254032.510990193.51461924042.514504233.51345604312.608942783.48196294052.518017113.51229264322.612424163.480792920表(续)t/℃WrdWr/dt×1000t/℃WrdWr/dt×10004332.615904373.47962274612.712873973.44673834342.619383403.47845224622.716320123.44555934352.622861273.47728154632.719765093.44438014362.626337973.47611044642.723208883.44320054372.629813493.47493914652.726651493.44202064382.633287853.47376754662.730092923.44084034392.636761033.47259564672.733533173.43965974402.640233043.47142344684692.736972242.740410133.43847883.43729764412.643703873.47025104702.743846843.43611604422.647173543.46907824432.650642033.46790524712.747282363.43493404442.654109353.46673184722.750716703.43375184452.657575493.46555824732.754149863.43256924462.661040473.46438434742.757581843.43138624472.664504263.46321004752.761012643.43020294482.667966893.46203554762.764442253.42901934492.671428333.46086064772.767870683.42783534502.674888613.45968554784792.771297922.774723983.42665103.42546634512.678347703.45851004802.778148853.42428134522.681805633.45733434532.685262373.45615824812.781572543.42309604542.688717943.45498184822.784995043.42191034552.692172343.45380514832.788416363.42072424562.695625553.45262814842.791836493.41953784572.699077593.45145084852.795255443.41835104582.702528453.45027314862.798673193.41716394592.705978143.44909524872.802089763.41597644602.709426643.44791694882.805505153.414788521表(续)t/℃WrdWr/dt×1000t/℃WrdWr/dt×10004892.808919343.41360035162.900652203.38138154902.812332353.41241185175182.904032982.907412563.38018303.37898424912.815744163.41122295192.910790953.37778504922.819154793.41003365202.914168133.37658554932.822564233.40884404942.825972483.40765405212.917544123.37538554952.829379543.40646365222.920918903.37418524962.832785413.40527295232.924292493.37298454972.836190083.40408185242.927664873.37178344982.839593573.40289045252.931036063.37058204992.842995873.40169865262.934406043.36938025002.846396973.40050645275282.937774822.941142393.36817803.36697555012.849796883.39931395292.944508773.36577265022.853195603.39812095302.947873943.36456935032.856593123.39692775042.859989453.39573405312.951237903.36336565052.863384593.39454005322.954600673.36216165062.866778533.39334565332.957962233.36095725072.870171283.39215095342.961322583.35975245082.873562833.39095585352.964681733.35854725092.876953193.38976035362.968039683.35734175102.880342353.38856445375382.971396422.974751953.35613583.35492965112.883730323.38736825392.978106273.35372295122.887117093.38617165402.981459393.35251605132.890502663.38497465142.893887043.38377735412.984811313.35130865152.897270223.38257965422.988162013.350100922表(续)t/℃WrdWr/dt×1000t/℃WrdWr/dt×10005432.991511513.34889285713.084805543.31492015442.994859803.34768435723.088119853.31370175452.998206883.34647555733.091432943.31248305463.001552753.34526635743.094744813.31126395473.004897413.34405675753.098055473.31004455483.008240863.34284685763.101364903.30882485493.011583103.34163655773.104673123.30760475503.014924133.34042595785793.107980113.111285893.30638433.30516365513.018263953.33921495803.114590443.30394255523.021602563.33800355533.024939963.33679185813.117893773.30272115543.028276153.33557975823.121195883.30149945553.031611123.33436725833.124496773.30027745563.034944883.33315445843.127796443.29905505573.038277433.33194125853.131094883.29783235583.041608763.33072775863.134392103.29660935593.044938883.32951395873.137688103.29538605603.048267793.32829965885893.140982873.144276423.29416243.29293845613.051595483.32708505903.147568753.29171425623.054921963.32587015633.058247223.32465485913.150859853.29048965643.061571273.32343925923.154149733.28926485653.064894103.32222325933.157438383.28803965663.068215723.32100695943.160725813.28681415673.071536123.31979025953.164012013.28558835683.074855303.31857325963.167296983.28436225693.078173263.31735585973.170580733.28313585703.081490013.31613815983.173863263.281909123表(续)t/℃WrdWr/dt×1000t/℃WrdWr/dt×10005993.177144553.28068226263.265274773.24745006003.180424623.27945496276283.268521603.271767203.24621573.24498116013.183703463.27822736293.275011563.24374636023.186981073.27699956303.278254693.24251136033.190257463.27577136043.193532623.27454296313.281496593.24127606053.196806553.27331426323.284737243.24004066063.200079253.27208526333.287976673.23880496073.203350723.27085596343.291214853.23756906083.206620963.26962646353.294451803.23633306093.209889973.26839666363.297687523.23509676103.213157753.26716656376383.300922003.304155243.23386023.23262356113.216424303.26593616393.307387243.23138666123.219689623.26470556403.310618013.23014956133.222953713.26347466143.226216573.26224346413.313847543.22891226153.229478203.26101206423.317075843.22767476163.232738603.25978046433.320302893.22643716173.235997763.25854846443.323528713.22519926183.239255693.25731636453.326753293.22396126193.242512393.25608386463.329976633.22272306203.245767863.25485116476483.333198743.336419603.22148473.22024616213.249022093.25361826493.339639233.21900746223.252275103.25238516503.342857623.21776856233.255526863.25115166243.258777403.24991806513.346074773.21652956253.262026703.24868416523.349290683.215290324表(续)t/℃WrdWr/dt×1000t/℃WrdWr/dt×10006533.352505353.21405106813.442012443355718783.21281156823.445191123358930973.21157186833.448368563362141923.21033206843.451544753365351633.20909216853.454719703368560113.20785206863.457893413371767343.20661186873.461065873374973333.20537146886893.464237093.467407073.17060093.16935816613.378178083.20413096903.470575813.16811536623.381381593.20289036633.384583863.20164966913.473743303.16687256643.387784893.20040886923.476909563.16562976653.390984683.19916786933.480074563.16438686663.394183233.19792676943.483238333.16314396673.397380533.19668556953.486400853.16190106683.400576603.19544426963.489562133.16065816693.403771423.19420286973.492722173406965003.19296136986993.495880963.499038513.15817223410157343.19171977003.502194823413348443.19047806733.416538303505349893419726913508503713422914293511656293426100423.185