高中英语必修四第一单元知识点讲义及习题

必修4UNIT1Unit1achievementn.成就；功绩;实现achievev.实现（dream,goal等）welfaren.福利；福利事业projectn.项目；工程；规划instituten.学会；学院；协会△ChinaWelfareInstitute中国福利基金会specialistn.专家；专业工作者ist为后缀的意思是：从事.......的人scientist;novelist;violinist;pianist;psychologist等specializevi.专攻；专门从事；专注于和in连用Many

students

specialize

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specialize

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speaking,

listening

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reading.chimpn.（非洲）黑猩猩connectionn.连接；关系humanbeing人类此单词不要觉得奇怪，就是指人类的意思，也可以human单独用，也可以being单独用，单复数不需要知道campaignn.运动；战役vi.作战；参加运动war“战争”的总称，一般包括多个战役的大规模战争。battle“战斗”，指有组织的武装部队之间的战斗，有持续几小时的，也有持续几天的。campaign“战役”，指在某一地区所进行的一连串有固定目的的军事行动，规模比battle大，比如淮海战役；还用来表“政治或商业性的活动、竞选活动，比如五四运动等。organizationn.组织；机构；团体behavevt.&vi.举动；（举止或行为）表现behaviour(=behavior)行为；举止；习性shaden.荫；阴凉处vt.遮住光线moveoff离开；起程；出发相近意思的有：startoff;setoffGil

waved

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off.worthwhileadj.值得的；值得做的nestn.巢；窝bondn.联系；关系；结合；纽带observevt.观察；观测；遵守此单词很多同学都只记得住一个意思：观察。但高考也经常考另外一个意思：遵守，经常会忘记。Anyonewhocomesheremustobservetherules.Weshouldobservethelocalcustoms.observationn.观察；观测childhoodn.童年；幼年时代outspokenadj.直言的；坦诚respectvt.&n.尊敬；尊重；敬意arguevt.&vi.讨论；辩论；争论argumentn.争论；争辩；争吵entertainmentn.款待；娱乐；娱乐表演(此单词好多学生老是知道意思也不会翻译）Youhaveyourwork,yourentertainmentandyourfriends.Televisionhasresplacedfilmasourcountry'smostpopularformofentertainment.leada…life过着……的生活crowdn.人群；观众vt.挤满；使拥挤crowdin（想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海inspirevt.鼓舞；激发；启示inspiring鼓舞人心的，令人鼓舞的△inspirationn.灵感；鼓舞supportn.&vt.支持；拥护lookdownupon/on蔑视；瞧不起refervi.谈到；查阅；参考referto查阅；参考；谈到此句型高考经常考，但是要准确翻译其意思确实要多注意audiencen.观众；听众；读者bychance碰巧；凑巧byaccidentcomeacross（偶然）遇见；碰见IcameacrossmyfriendswhenIwasshopping.careern.事业；生涯Job泛指工作，Career是指事业，这是值得个人投注一生心力，，作为一个老师，我的Career就是教师，而他的Job是由学校来提供的，他可以在不同的学校教书。Profession所指的职业是需要在文科或理科方面有一定的教育程度，具备一定理论水平的人才的职业。通常指脑力劳动raten.比率；速度sicknessn.疾病；恶心intendvt.计划；打算intendtodosth.beintendedtodoemergencyn.突发事件；紧急情况generationn.一代；一辈generationgap：代沟gap：缝隙，缺口，沟壑△determinationn.决心；果断kindnessn.仁慈；好意considerateadj.考虑周到的considerationn.考虑；体谅delivervt.递送；生（小孩儿）；接生；发表（演说等）carryon继续；坚持carryout=perform执行，履行Thegroupofsoldierscarriedoutasecretmilitaryactiontheotherday．A.Anewscenewouldbefilmed.B.Morestarswouldactinthefilm.C.Theauthorwouldleavethestudio.D.Thenextscenewouldbeprepared.高考英语（适合AB班做）ThepacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru’sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.Forthousandsofyears,PolynesianpeoplelivedontheremoteislandofNauru,farfromwesterncivilization.ThefirstEuropeantoarrivewasJohnFearnin1798.HewastheBritishcaptainoftheHunter,awhalingship.HecalledtheislandPleasantIsland.However,becauseitwasveryremote,NauruhadlittlecommunicationwithEuropeansatfirst.Thenwhalingshipsandothertradersbegantovisit,bringinggunsandalcohol.Theseelementsdestroyedthesocialbalanceofthetwelvefamilygroupsontheisland.Aten-yearcivilwarstarted,whichreducedthepopulationfrom1,400to900.Nauru’srealtroublesbeganin1899whenaBritishminingcompanydiscoveredphosphate(磷酸盐)ontheisland.Infact,itfoundthattheislandofNauruwasnearlyallphosphate,whichisaveryimportantfertilizerforfarming.Thecompanybeganminingthephosphate.Aphosphatemineisnotaholeintheground;itisastripmine.Whenacompanystrip-mines,itremovesthetoplayerofsoil.Thenittakesawaythematerialitwants.Strip-miningtotallydestroystheland.Gradually,thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon.In1968,Naurubecameoneoftherichestcountriesintheworld.Everyyearthegovernmentreceivedmillionsofdollarsforitsphosphate.Unfortunately,theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblem—theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By2000,Nauruwasalmostfinanciallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately＄433,600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.56.Whatmightbetheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.ToseekhelpforNauru’sproblems.B.Togiveawarningtoothercountries.C.Toshowtheimportanceofmoney.D.Totellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.57.WhatwasNaurulikebeforetheEuropeanscame?A.Richandpowerful.B.Modernandopen.C.PeacefulandattractiveD.Greedyandaggressive.58.TheecologicaldisasterinNaururesultedfrom____.A.soilpollutionB.phosphateoverminingC.farmingactivityD.whalehunting59.WhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNauru’sfinancialproblem?A.Itsleadersmisusedthemoney.B.Itspenttoomuchrepairingtheisland.C.Itsphosphateminingcostmuchmoney.D.Itlostmillionsofdollarsinthecivilwar.60.WhatcanwelearnaboutNaurufromthelastparagraph?A.Theecologicaldamageisdifficulttorepair.B.Theleaderswilltaketheexperts’wordsseriously.C.TheislandwasabandonedbytheNauruans.D.Thephosphateminesweredestroyed.高考真题（适合A班做）MoneyMattersParentsshouldhelptheirchildrenunderstandmoney.71soyoumaystarttallkingaboutmoneywhenyourchildshowsaninterestinbuyingthings,candyortoys,forexample.ThebasicfunctionofmoneyBeingexplainingthebasicfunctionofmoneybyshowinghowpeopletrademoneyforgoodsorservices.it’simportanttoshowyourchildhowmoneyistradedforthethinghewantstohave.Ifhewantstohaveatoy,givehimthemoneyandlethimhandthemoneytothecashier.72whenyourchildgrowsabitolderandunderstandsthebasicfunctionofmoney,youcanstartexplainingmorecomplexwaysofusingmoney.2.MoneylessonsApproachmoneylessonswithopennessandhonesty.73Ifyoumustsaynotoachild’srequesttospendmoney,explain,”Youhaveenoughtoytrucksfornow.”Or,iftherequestisformanydifferentthings,say.“Youhavetomakeachoicebetweenthistoyandthattoy.”3.74Beginatthegrocerystore.Pickputsimilarbrandsofaproduct—anamebrandbutterandageneric(无商标产品),forexample.Youcanshowyourchildhowtomakechoicesbetweendifferentbrandsofaproductsothatyoucansavemoney.75Ifhechoosesthecheaperbrand,allowhimtomakeanotherpurchasewiththemoneysaved.Later,youmayexplainshowthemoreexpensivechoiceleaveslessmoneyforotherpurchases.A.wisedecision.B.Thevalueofmoney.C.Permitthechildwhyhecan—orcannot—havecertainthings.D.Talkyourselfwhatthingsthatcostmoneyaremostimportanttoyou.E.Askyourselfwhatthingsthatcostmoneyaremostimportanttoyou.F.Talkabouthowthemoneyboughtthethingafteryouleavethetoystore.G.Thebesttimetoteachachildanythingaboutmoneyiswhenheshowsaninterest.高考真题（适合B班做）MostpeopleknowthatMarieCuriewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize,andthefirstpersontowinittwice.However,fewpeopleknowthatshewasalsothemotherofaNobelPrizewinner.BorninSeptember,1987,IreneCuriewasthefirstoftheCuries’twodaughters.Alongwithnineotherchildrenwhoseparentswerealsofamousscholars,Irenestudiedintheirownschool,andhermotherwasoneoftheteachers.ShefinishedherhighschooleducationattheCollegeofSévignéinParis.IreneenteredtheUniversityofParisin1914toprepareforadegreeinmathematicsandphysics.WhenWorldWarIbegan,Irenewenttohelphermother,whowasusingX-rayfacilities（设备）Likehermother,Irenecombinedfamilyandcareer.Likehermother,IrenewasawardedaNobelPrize,alongwithherhusband,in1935.Unfo